CN102636811B - Eliminating method of multiple waves in bidimensional seismic data on sea - Google Patents
Eliminating method of multiple waves in bidimensional seismic data on sea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an eliminating method of multiple waves in bidimensional seismic data on the sea. The eliminating method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a common midpoint gather and a speed spectrum according to the seismic data, selecting a speed control point according to the speed spectrum, acquiring dynamic correction speed according to the speed of the speed control point; carrying out dynamic correction on the common midpoint gather according to the dynamic correction speed to acquire a dynamic correction gather; and transforming the dynamic correction gather to a f-k region so as to carry out zero clearing on an energy value of a positive K region through a two-dimensional fourier transform, and transforming the data of the f-k region after zero clearing to a t-x region so as to obtain gather data after elimination of multiple waves. The eliminating method provided by the invention can be used for solving the problem of multiple waves extermination in a complicated offshore seismic data processing, and is not limited by predetermination working conditions in the prior art; and thus, the use is convenient and the cost is reduced, the application of a model and real data all proves that the method is very practical and effective for pressing the multiple waves in the oceanic seismic data..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum exploration field, be applied to Seismic Data Processing Technique, particularly the removing method of multiple reflection in a kind of marine 2-d seismic data.
Background technology
The important component part that petroleum exploration field is built as basic energy resource, its correlation technique research and technology have obtained significant progress in recent years.Along with the development of the periphery subjects such as computing machine, as the technology such as digital processing are more and more applied in petroleum exploration field.Wherein, the sampling and processing to on-the-spot seismic event, is widely used as fundamental research means.And in data acquisition, due to on-the-spot complicated geological condition, its image data can be subject to the interference of multiple situation.Particularly, under relatively severe natural conditions, multiple reflection is the main relevant noise existing in method for marine seismic data.The identification of multiple reflection and elimination are one of key issues to be solved in marine data processing procedure.
For solving the Multiple attenuation problem in method for marine seismic data, main employing is that SRME goes to multiple reflection and τ-p territory to go multiple reflection method at present.SRME goes multiple reflection method not need to know in advance the information such as speed and the water-bed degree of depth, can suppress from all multiple reflections relevant with free interface.But two-dimentional SRME can be subject to the restriction that such as data quality restriction, spread length restriction, recording geometry restriction, three-dimensional restriction etc. used prerequisite.If these restrictive conditions can not be met, particularly when marine streamer is because ocean current affects substantial deviation two dimension survey line, make common midpoint gather attribute no longer be two-dimensional characteristics but scatter into micro-three-dimensional character, or when underground reflecting surface has obvious heeling angle, SRME can not obtain satisfied result.It is that seabed and underground reflection horizon are at least substantially round and smooth within the scope of an arrangement that τ-p goes in territory the condition precedent of multiple reflection method, reflection wave and multiple reflection lineups can just can show as hyperbolic curve or para-curve like this, thereby meet the basic assumption that multiple reflection is removed in τ-p territory, but under violent and subsurface formations complicated situation, τ-p goes in territory multiple reflection also cannot obtain a good result for submarine relief.
In above-mentioned prior art, the in the situation that of complicated geological environment, on-the-spot institute acquiring seismic data can be subject to the impact of many-sided disturbing factor, can not reproduce real earthquake conditions, thereby make geological data just produce deviation in acquisition phase.As wish obtains Seismic wave processing data accurately, need to give to set in advance and strictly adjust to testing conditions, consider all disturbing factors.But because on-the-spot geology disturbing factor is complicated, therefore can not obtain desirable seismic data.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the present invention will solve multiple reflection in complicated method for marine seismic data is carried out to the problem of effectively eliminating.
In order to solve above technical matters, the invention provides the removing method of multiple reflection in a kind of marine 2-d seismic data, specifically comprise:
According to seismic data acquisition common midpoint gather and velocity spectrum;
According to described velocity spectrum access speed reference mark, according to the speed at described speed reference mark, obtain NMO velocity;
According to described NMO velocity, described common midpoint gather is carried out to normal moveout correction, obtain normal moveout correction road collection;
By two-dimensional Fourier transform by described normal moveout correction road set transformation to behind f-k territory by the energy value zero clearing in positive k territory, and the f-k numeric field data after zero clearing converted go back to t-x territory obtain Multiple attenuation Hou road collection data.
Wherein, described geological data is specially big gun collection.
Wherein, describedly according to described seismic data acquisition common midpoint gather and velocity spectrum step, also comprise:
Geological data is divided and elects common midpoint numeric field data as;
According to described common midpoint numeric field data, expand super-bin processing, obtain large bin common midpoint gather;
According to large bin common midpoint gather, carry out conventional speeds analysis, acquisition speed spectrum.
Wherein, described large bin common midpoint gather specifically comprises:
In described large bin common midpoint gather, the interval of adjacent seismic trace equals the road layout of adjacent seismic trace in big gun collection record data.
Wherein, the described speed according to described speed reference mark is obtained NMO velocity step and is also comprised:
Described according to described velocity spectrum uniformly-spaced or unequal interval access speed reference mark, described uniformly-spaced distance is specially 3-5 kilometer.
Wherein, describedly according to described speed reference mark speed, obtain NMO velocity step and also comprise:
According to the primary reflection speed V at described speed reference mark
1and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2obtain NMO velocity.
Wherein, described according to the primary reflection speed V at described speed reference mark
1and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2obtaining NMO velocity step also comprises:
According to the primary reflection speed V at described speed reference mark
1obtain stacked section;
According to described stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2obtain NMO velocity.
Wherein, describedly according to described speed reference mark speed, obtain NMO velocity step and also comprise:
According to the primary reflection speed V at described speed reference mark
1described large bin is total to center trace collection and carries out normal moveout correction stack acquisition stacked section;
According to described stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2obtain NMO velocity.
Wherein, described according to described stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2obtaining NMO velocity step also comprises:
By described stacked section, carrying out the reflection horizon time picks up;
According to described speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2along the described reflection horizon time, carry out interpolation, obtain the NMO velocity after interpolation.
Wherein, describedly according to described NMO velocity, described seismic-data traces collection is carried out to normal moveout correction, obtains normal moveout correction road collection step and also comprise:
According to described NMO velocity, described large bin common midpoint gather is carried out to normal moveout correction, obtain normal moveout correction road collection.
Wherein, after described acquisition Multiple attenuation Hou road collection data step, also comprise:
According to described NMO velocity, described Multiple attenuation Hou road collection data are carried out to reaction correction, obtain inverse dynamic correction right way collection.
Wherein, described, also comprise after obtaining inverse dynamic correction right way collection step:
Reload the recording geometry of normal process bin, form the common midpoint gather of the normal process bin of Multiple attenuation.
Compared with prior art, above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages: due to can be unlike the restriction that is subject to prerequisite service condition in prior art, thereby easy to use and reduce costs.In addition, method stable performance of the present invention, and the application of model and real data has all proved that the method is very practical and effective to the Multiple attenuation in Marine Geology data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, some embodiments of the present invention are described.
Fig. 1 is the basic schematic diagram of the removing method of multiple reflection in the marine 2-d seismic data of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the idiographic flow schematic diagram of the removing method of multiple reflection in marine 2-d seismic data in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the effect contrast figure that Multiple attenuation method of the present invention is applied to theoretical seismogram;
Fig. 4 is the violent seabed variation diagram rising and falling of actual marine two-dimentional survey line in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the design sketch of the actual marine 2-d seismic data shown in the Multiple attenuation method of embodiment of the present invention is applied afterwards;
Fig. 6 is according to the embodiment of the present invention by the contrast of seismic profile figure before and after the Multiple attenuation of the marine 2-d seismic data of reality.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is described.
Fig. 1 is the basic schematic diagram of the removing method of multiple reflection in the marine 2-d seismic data described in one embodiment of the invention, and the method comprises the following steps:
S101: obtain geological data common midpoint gather and velocity spectrum.According to seismic data acquisition common midpoint gather and velocity spectrum; Described geological data is specially big gun collection, in this step, be used for carry out the geological data of data processing and computing can be by the collection of big gun collection record data be realized.First, geological data is sorted into common midpoint territory; Afterwards, expand super-bin processing.According to the difference of field data collection mode, determine that the principle of new bin size is: in new large bin common midpoint gather, the offset distance layout of adjacent seismic trace equals the road layout of adjacent seismic trace in big gun collection record; Finally, by the large bin common midpoint gather forming, do conventional speeds analysis, form velocity spectrum.Whole processing is carried out in common midpoint territory, can effectively prevent that diffracted wave from coming to harm in same domain with multiple reflection after f-k conversion, expands super-bin processing and make data can not produce spatial aliasing after Multiple attenuation is carried out in f-k territory.
S102: obtain NMO velocity.According to described velocity spectrum access speed reference mark, and obtain NMO velocity according to described speed reference mark speed.In this step, first, described according to described velocity spectrum uniformly-spaced or unequal interval access speed reference mark, described uniformly-spaced distance is specially 3-5 kilometer.On the speed reference mark of choosing, carrying out two NMO velocities picks up: the one, and primary reflection speed V
1; The 2nd, the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2; Secondly, can adopt primary reflection speed V
1large bin is total to center trace collection and carries out normal moveout correction and superpose and generate stacked section, normal moveout correction formula is as follows:
Wherein, Δ
tit is dynamic correction value; t
0it is reflection two-way time; X is the distance between shot point and geophone station; V is NMO velocity; Afterwards, by described stacked section, carrying out the reflection horizon time picks up; According to described speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2along the described reflection horizon time, carry out interpolation, obtain the NMO velocity after interpolation.
S103: obtain normal moveout correction road collection.According to described NMO velocity, described common midpoint gather is carried out to normal moveout correction, obtain normal moveout correction road collection; In this step, with the NMO velocity after interpolation, large bin common midpoint gather is done to normal moveout correction and form normal moveout correction road collection, thereby make primary reflection overshoot correction, multiple reflection undercorrection.
S104: obtain Multiple attenuation Hou road collection data.By two-dimensional Fourier transform by described normal moveout correction road set transformation to behind f-k territory by the energy value zero clearing in positive k territory, and the f-k numeric field data after zero clearing converted go back to t-x territory obtain Multiple attenuation Hou road collection data.
In this step, utilize two-dimensional Fourier transform that Ji Congt-x territory, normal moveout correction road is transformed to f-k territory, two-dimensional Fourier transform formula is as follows:
P(k
x，f)＝∫∫P(x，t)exp(ik
xx-ift)dcdt
Wherein, P (x, t) is that function (being seismologic record here) is at the mathematic(al) representation apart from x and time t territory; P(k
x, be f) that function (being the f-k transformation results of seismologic record here) is at the mathematic(al) representation in frequency f and wave number k territory; Transform to behind f-k territory, primary reflection can be distributed in negative k territory, and multiple reflection can be distributed to positive k territory, by the energy zero clearing in positive k territory; At the two-dimentional inversefouriertransform of inferior utilization, the data after energy zero clearing are changed to t-x territory from the contravariant of f-k territory, two-dimentional inversefouriertransform formula is as follows, and the definition of variable and function is identical with two-dimensional Fourier transform formula:
P(x，t)＝∫∫P(k
x，f)exp(-ik
xx+ift)dk
xdf
Also can be further comprising the steps after described acquisition Multiple attenuation Hou road collection data step:
S105: obtain inverse dynamic correction right way collection.According to described NMO velocity, described Multiple attenuation Hou road collection data are carried out to normal moveout correction, obtain inverse dynamic correction right way collection.
S106: the common midpoint gather that forms Multiple attenuation.The common midpoint gather of Multiple attenuation is carried out to reaction correction, obtain inverse dynamic correction right way collection, reload the recording geometry of normal process bin, form the common midpoint gather of the normal process bin of Multiple attenuation.
The concrete expansion of above step is as shown in the idiographic flow schematic diagram of the removing method of multiple reflection in marine 2-d seismic data in Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the effect contrast figure that Multiple attenuation method of the present invention is applied to theoretical seismogram: wherein: (a) the theoretical synthetic CMP gather for comprising primary reflection and multiple reflection; (b) velocity spectrum for forming with the collection of road shown in (a); (c) for the velocity function between primary reflection and multiple reflection of selecting from (b) is done the result after normal moveout correction to (a); (d) be the f-k result of road collection after Fourier transform after normal moveout correction; (e) for (d) removes the f-k result after multiple reflection energy; (f) for removing normal moveout correction road collection after the inversefouriertransform of multiple reflection energy; (g) for removing the inverse dynamic correction right way collection after multiple reflection; (h) for removing the velocity spectrum after multiple reflection.
Shown in Fig. 3 a is a theoretical common midpoint gather that comprises primary reflection and multiple reflection.Fig. 3 b is that its corresponding velocity spectrum shows.From 3b, pick up the NMO velocity between primary reflection and multiple reflection, by this speed, the theoretical common midpoint gather of 3a is carried out to normal moveout correction, make all overshoot corrections of significant wave, multiple reflection is undercorrection (seeing Fig. 3 c) all.After two-dimensional Fourier transform, all primary reflections are because moving school is excessive, and its all composition will appear at negative k territory, and all multiple reflections are because undercorrection will appear at positive k territory (seeing Fig. 3 d).After to the signal zero setting in all positive k territory, as shown in Figure 3 e, the common midpoint gather after two-dimentional inversefouriertransform is as shown in Fig. 3 f for its corresponding f-k spectrum, and reaction correction Hou road collection and corresponding velocity spectrum are as shown in Fig. 3 g and Fig. 3 h.
Shown in the design sketch of the two-dimentional data in actual sea as shown in after Fig. 4 is the Multiple attenuation method application that in the embodiment of the present invention, the violent seabed variation diagram rising and falling of actual marine two-dimentional survey line and Fig. 5 are embodiment of the present invention; Wherein, in Fig. 5, (a) be the common midpoint gather road collection of certain physical points position; (b) be velocity spectrum corresponding to same physical points position; (c) for removing normal moveout correction road collection corresponding to normal bin before multiple reflection; (d), for to remove the normal process bin normal moveout correction road collection after multiple reflection, due to spatial aliasing problem, cause residual multiple reflection more; (e) for removing the expansion bin normal moveout correction road collection before multiple reflection; (f), for removing the expansion bin normal moveout correction road collection after multiple reflection, Multiple attenuation effect (d) has obvious improvement; (g) amplification for figure (e) shows, (h) amplification for figure (f) shows;
Data shown in Fig. 4 are from a marine two-dimentional survey line of reality, and data acquisition is used 648 roads to receive, cable length 8100m.This survey line position submarine relief is very violent, and geological data has following feature:
1) from the left side of section, can see the underground object that has three similar coral reefs in the scope of 3000 meters, on the right of section, submarine relief is more violent, in a spread length, has occurred the hilltop, several seabed;
2) multiple reflection disturbs very by force, comprises that simple multiples and interformational multiples (be shown in Fig. 5 a).Common midpoint gather except multiple reflection almost be can't see usable reflection.Velocity spectrum shown in Fig. 5 b is covered by multiple reflection energy completely.
3) due to ocean current impact, it is serious that towing cable departs from survey line problem, and the maximum vertical offset distance of distal-most end reaches hundreds of rice.
The method of Multiple attenuation according to the present invention, common midpoint gather data have been carried out to expansion super-bin processing, normal bin common midpoint gather goes the contrast before and after multiple reflection to see Fig. 5 c and Fig. 5 d, from Fig. 5 d, do not expand the road collection of bin, due to the existence of spatial aliasing, still there are a large amount of multiple reflections residual after causing Multiple attenuation to process.By large bin common midpoint gather, go the contrast of multiple reflection front and back to see Fig. 5 e and Fig. 5 f, by expanding super-bin processing, multiple reflection has been eliminated substantially.Fig. 5 g and Fig. 5 h are that the amplification of Fig. 5 e and Fig. 5 f shows, can more clearly see that multiple reflection is well eliminated, primary reflection displays.Shown in Fig. 6 is the comparison diagram of stacked section before and after Multiple attenuation, and as can be seen from the figure multiple reflection is eliminated to greatest extent, and real usable reflection displays.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be well understood to the present invention and can realize by hardware, and the mode that also can add necessary general hardware platform by software realizes.Understanding based on such, technical scheme of the present invention can embody with the form of software product, it (can be CD-ROM that this software product can be stored in a non-volatile memory medium, USB flash disk, portable hard drive etc.) in, comprise some instructions with so that computer equipment (can be personal computer, server, or the network equipment etc.) carry out the method described in each embodiment of the present invention.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment, the module in accompanying drawing or flow process might not be that enforcement the present invention is necessary.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the module in the device in embodiment can be distributed in the device of embodiment according to embodiment description, also can carry out respective change and be arranged in the one or more devices that are different from the present embodiment.The module of above-described embodiment can be merged into a module, also can further split into a plurality of submodules.
The invention described above embodiment sequence number, just to describing, does not represent the quality of embodiment.
Disclosed is above only several specific embodiment of the present invention, and still, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the changes that any person skilled in the art can think of all should fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a removing method for multiple reflection in marine 2-d seismic data, is characterized in that, comprising:
According to seismic data acquisition common midpoint gather and velocity spectrum;
According to described velocity spectrum access speed reference mark, according to the speed at described speed reference mark, obtain NMO velocity;
According to described NMO velocity, described common midpoint gather is carried out to normal moveout correction, obtain normal moveout correction road collection;
By two-dimensional Fourier transform by described normal moveout correction road set transformation to behind f-k territory by the energy value zero clearing in positive k territory, and the f-k numeric field data after zero clearing converted go back to t-x territory obtain Multiple attenuation Hou road collection data;
Described geological data is specially big gun collection;
Describedly according to described seismic data acquisition common midpoint gather and velocity spectrum step, also comprise:
Geological data is divided and elects common midpoint numeric field data as;
According to described common midpoint numeric field data, expand super-bin processing, obtain large bin common midpoint gather;
According to large bin common midpoint gather, carry out conventional speeds analysis, acquisition speed spectrum.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described large bin common midpoint gather specifically comprises:
In described large bin common midpoint gather, the interval of adjacent seismic trace equals the road layout of adjacent seismic trace in big gun collection record data.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the described speed according to described speed reference mark is obtained NMO velocity step and also comprised:
Described according to described velocity spectrum uniformly-spaced or unequal interval access speed reference mark, described uniformly-spaced distance is specially 3-5 kilometer.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly according to described speed reference mark speed, obtains NMO velocity step and also comprises:
According to the primary reflection speed V at described speed reference mark
1and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2obtain NMO velocity.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described according to the primary reflection speed V at described speed reference mark
1and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2obtaining NMO velocity step also comprises:
According to the primary reflection speed V at described speed reference mark
1obtain stacked section;
According to described stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2obtain NMO velocity.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly according to described speed reference mark speed, obtains NMO velocity step and also comprises:
According to the primary reflection speed V at described speed reference mark
1described large bin is total to center trace collection and carries out normal moveout correction stack acquisition stacked section;
According to described stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2obtain NMO velocity.
7. the method as described in claim 5 or 6, is characterized in that, described according to described stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2obtaining NMO velocity step also comprises:
By described stacked section, carrying out the reflection horizon time picks up;
According to described speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2along the described reflection horizon time, carry out interpolation, obtain the NMO velocity after interpolation.
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly according to described NMO velocity, described seismic-data traces collection is carried out to normal moveout correction, obtains normal moveout correction road collection step and also comprises:
According to described NMO velocity, described large bin common midpoint gather is carried out to normal moveout correction, obtain normal moveout correction road collection.
9. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, after described acquisition Multiple attenuation Hou road collection data step, also comprises:
According to described NMO velocity, described Multiple attenuation Hou road collection data are carried out to reaction correction, obtain inverse dynamic correction right way collection.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, described, also comprises after obtaining inverse dynamic correction right way collection step:
Reload the recording geometry of normal process bin, form the common midpoint gather of the normal process bin of Multiple attenuation.
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| CN106324677A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Displacement field residual dynamic correction method and device |
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| CN103308943B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2015-11-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The method of interlayer multiple attenuation in the process of a kind of oceanic earthquake data and device |
| US9588244B2 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2017-03-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Predicting interbed multiples in seismic data using beam decomposition |
| CN105277985A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | OVT-domain seismic data regularization method based on image processing |
| CN104360394B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2017-02-22 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method of pressing ghost waves of marine variable-depth cable earthquake data |
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| CN107807391B (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2020-02-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seismic data processing method, device, electronic equipment and computer storage medium |
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| CN109116423B (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-03-17 | 北京奥能恒业能源技术有限公司 | Method and device for suppressing diffracted multiples |
| CN111596358B (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Multiple suppression method, device and system |
| CN112230285B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2023-09-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Correction method and correction device for earthquake data excitation delay time |
| CN112925023B (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2022-03-22 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Full wave field inversion seismic data multiple suppression method |
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| US6094620A (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-25 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for identifying and removing multiples from seismic reflection data |
| US7751277B2 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2010-07-06 | Pgs Geophysical As | Method for interpolating seismic data by anti-alias, anti-leakage Fourier transform |
| CN101598809A (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-09 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of self-adaptation is eliminated the method for linear programming noise and multiple reflection interference |
| US8451687B2 (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2013-05-28 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Imaging with vector measurements |
| CN102169189B (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2015-01-14 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method for eliminating deep water interlamination multiple |
| CN102221709B (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2013-05-08 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Velocity analysis and dynamic correction method based on formation parameter information |
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