CN106610507A - Method and device for removing ghost reflection interference - Google Patents
Method and device for removing ghost reflection interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for removing ghost reflection interference. The method comprises the steps of acquiring seismic data of each detection point in the frequency domain; acquiring the distance between each detection point and a seismic focus and the distance between the seal level to a sub-bottom reflection interface, and determining an offset factor reflecting the offset of each detection point according to the distances; determining the delay time of ghost reflection of each detection point according to a preset calculation method for the ghost reflection delay time on the basis of the offset factor; determining an operator for removing the ghost reflection of each detection point according to a preset calculation method for removing the ghost reflection on the basis of the delay time; and determining a frequency domain value of the seismic data with the ghost reflection interference being removed of each detection point according to the seismic data and the operator. In the embodiment of the invention, not only a low-frequency component of the seismic data in the frequency domain is recovered, and a high-frequency component of the seismic data is also recovered, so that the effective frequency band is effective expanded, the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data are improved, and the noise interference of seal level ghost reflection multiple waves can be effectively removed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of geological exploration, more particularly to a kind of method and apparatus for removing ghosting interference.
Background technology
With the development of seismic exploration technique, the difficulty and depth of exploratory engineering of off-shore petroleum/gas reservoir is also increasing, to seismic data
Signal to noise ratio and resolution requirement also more and more higher.Marine streamer acquisition technique, wave detector is fixed on towing cable, it is possible to obtain
High-resolution 3D seismic data.Specifically, marine streamer acquisition technique can be that the wave detector of stationary arrangement is fixed on
Seismic wave is received on towing cable, same boat dragging air gun source carries out seismic wave and excite.Global positioning system can be passed through
(Global Positioning System, referred to as GPS) or the accurate of big gun ship is provided based on the radio position finding radio directional bearing of seashore
Position, while also the position of wave detector on towing cable being accurately positioned and be recorded.
When data acquisition is carried out, the reflection seismic wavelet that air gun source sends reaches seabed from hypocentral location, leads to
Cross this strong reflection interface of seabed to reflect this seismic wavelet.Seismic wavelet after reflection continues up advance, reaches towing cable
At the wave detector of position, wave detector senses and records this reflection seismic wavelet, and this is first reflection ripple, is geological data
In effective reflected signal.This reflection seismic wavelet continues up advance and reaches sea, because sea is one stronger anti-
Firing area face, the reflection seismic wavelet can be reflected when propagating up sea by sea, downward so as to change the direction of propagation
Propagate, arrive again at the wave detector in towing cable, the wave detector in towing cable will again sense and record this reflection seismic wavelet.
Ripple of the reflection seismic wavelet for lower propagation being reflected towards by sea level and being recorded by wave detector when wave detector is reached second
Field is many subwaves of sea level receiving point ghosting.Ghosting many subwaves in sea level have not only been interfered effective anti-in geological data
Signal is penetrated, and seismic reflection wavelet can be caused to produce very deep frequency depression.
At present, the noise that ghosting many subwave generations in sea level can be eliminated by technologies such as conventional deconvolution is done
Disturb.However, the noise jamming that ghosting many subwaves in sea level in seawater geological data are completely eliminated is difficult using deconvolution, it is also difficult
To recover the frequency depression that many subwave noise jammings of ghosting are produced completely.Can also be using inclining towing cable, upper and lower towing cable and double
Examine the processing methods such as towing cable to remove sea level ghosting noise jamming.However, these methods all can only partly recover empty anti-
Penetrate the frequency depression of generation, it is impossible to recover the loss of seismic wavelet frequency spectrum completely, especially low frequency loss.
The content of the invention
A kind of method and apparatus of removal ghosting interference is embodiments provided, such that it is able to eliminate geological data
The multiple wave interference of ghosting that middle sea level produces affects, and to reach geological data signal to noise ratio and resolution ratio in marine work area is improved
Purpose.
A kind of method of removal ghosting interference is embodiments provided, can be included：Obtain each in marine work area
Individual geophone station geological data in a frequency domain；Obtain described each geophone station to focus distance and sea level to sub-bottom reflection circle
The distance in face；According to the distance and the distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface of described each geophone station to focus, it is determined that
The offset distance factor of reflection each geophone station offset distance；According to the offset distance factor, postpone according to default ghosting
The computational methods of time determine the time delay that described each geophone station ghosting postpones；According to the time delay, according to pre-
If the computational methods of removal ghosting determine that described each geophone station removes the operator of ghosting；According to the geological data and
The operator, it is determined that described each geophone station removes the frequency domain value of geological data after ghosting interference.
In one embodiment, it is determined that after described each geophone station removes ghosting interference geological data frequency domain value it
Afterwards, methods described can also include：Described each geophone station is removed into the frequency domain value of geological data after ghosting interference from frequency domain
Change to time domain, obtain the time-domain value that described each geophone station removes geological data after ghosting interference.
In one embodiment, according to the geological data and the operator, it is determined that described each geophone station removes void instead
Blackberry lily disturbs the frequency domain value of rear geological data, can include：Described in being determined according to the product of the geological data and the operator
Each geophone station removes the frequency domain value of geological data after ghosting interference.
In one embodiment, can determine described each according to below equation according to the geological data and the operator
Individual geophone station removes the frequency domain value of geological data after ghosting interference：
Yn[k]=Sn[k]Hn[k]
Wherein, YnThe frequency domain value of geological data after n-th geophone station removal ghosting interference of [k] expression, k=1,2,
3 ..., NL, k represent geological data sampling point serial number in a frequency domain, and NL represents geological data sampling point total number in a frequency domain,
SnN-th geophone station of [k] expression geological data in a frequency domain, Hn[k] represents the operator of n-th geophone station removal ghosting.
In one embodiment, according to the distance of described each geophone station to focus and the sea level to sub-bottom reflection circle
The distance in face, it is determined that the offset distance factor of reflection each geophone station offset distance, can include：Described each geophone station is to shake
It is resulting after square being multiplied with the first parameter preset of the ratio of distances constant on the distance in source and the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface
Product be added with the second parameter preset, the result after will add up takes root, and according to the value after root is taken the skew is determined
Away from the factor.
In one embodiment, can according to below equation determine the offset distance of reflection each geophone station offset distance because
Son：
Wherein, α represents the offset distance factor, xnN-th geophone station or receiving point are represented to the distance of focus, d is represented
The distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface.
In one embodiment, according to the offset distance factor, according to the computational methods of default ghost delay time
It is determined that the time delay that described each geophone station ghosting postpones, can include：By described each geophone station to sea level away from
From with the ratio of seawater speed and the offset distance fac-tor after, the resulting parameter preset of sum of products the 3rd is multiplied, according to phase
Value after taking advantage of is determining the time delay.
In one embodiment, when can determine the delay that described each geophone station ghosting postpones according to below equation
Between：
Wherein, τnThe time delay that n-th geophone station ghosting postpones is represented, V represents seawater speed, zrRepresent n-th inspection
Distance of the wave point to sea level.
In one embodiment, according to the time delay, according to the computational methods of default removal ghosting institute is determined
The operator that each geophone station removes ghosting is stated, can be included：Calculate the ghosting operator frequency spectrum of each geophone station；According to
The inverse of the ghosting operator frequency spectrum is determining the operator.
In one embodiment, can determine that described each geophone station removes the operator of ghosting according to below equation：
Wherein,
Wherein, Δ t represents geological data sampling time interval in the time domain, and r represents sea level reflectance factor.
In one embodiment, the span of the sea level reflectance factor r is -1≤r≤- 0.8.
In one embodiment, each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain in marine work area is obtained, can be included：Obtain
Each geophone station geological data in the time domain is taken, and the geological data in the time domain is converted into into frequency domain, obtained in frequency
Geological data in domain.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of device of removal ghosting interference, can include：Seismic data acquisition mould
Block, can be used for obtaining each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain in marine work area；Factor determining module, can be used for obtaining
Described each geophone station is taken to the distance of focus and the distance on sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface；Arrived according to described each geophone station
The distance of focus and the distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface, it is determined that the skew of reflection each geophone station offset distance
Away from the factor；Time delay determining module, can be used for according to the offset distance factor, according to default ghost delay time
Computational methods determine the time delay that described each geophone station ghosting postpones；Operator determining module, can be used for according to described
Time delay, determine that described each geophone station removes the operator of ghosting according to the computational methods of default removal ghosting；Frequently
Thresholding determining module, can be used for according to the geological data and the operator, it is determined that described each geophone station removes ghosting
The frequency domain value of geological data after interference.
In embodiments of the present invention, obtain each geophone station in marine work area remove in a frequency domain ghosting operator it
Afterwards, according to described each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain and the operator, it is determined that described each geophone station remove it is empty anti-
Frequency domain value after penetrating.Using the distance and the distance on sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface of described each geophone station to focus, it is determined that
The offset distance factor of reflection each geophone station offset distance；According to the offset distance factor, it is determined that described each geophone station is empty
The time of reflection delay；According to the time, it is determined that the method that described each geophone station removes the operator of ghosting, not only recovers
Geological data low-frequency component in a frequency domain, while also having recovered radio-frequency component, has effectively widened effective band, improves ground
The resolution ratio and signal to noise ratio of shake data.Using the amount of calculation of the computational methods is less, calculating speed very fast, can effectively remove
The noise jamming of many subwaves of sea level ghosting.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
The accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments described in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise for not paying creative labor
Under, can be with according to these other accompanying drawings of accompanying drawings acquisition.
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram of removal ghosting interference that the application is provided；
Fig. 2 is the propagation path schematic diagram of many subwaves of ghosting that the application is provided；
Fig. 3 is that the method disturbed by removing ghosting that the application is provided removes the empty anti-of certain deep-sea towing cable collection data
The method flow diagram that blackberry lily is disturbed；
Fig. 4 (a) is that the method for removing ghosting interference that the application is provided removes the empty anti-of certain deep-sea towing cable collection data
Blackberry lily disturbs first bombard schematic diagram data in front original common-shot-gather；
Fig. 4 (b) be the application provide remove ghosting interference method remove certain deep-sea towing cable collection data void do
Disturb first bombard schematic diagram data in rear common-shot-gather；
Fig. 5 (a) is that the method for removing ghosting interference that the application is provided removes the empty anti-of certain deep-sea towing cable collection data
Blackberry lily disturbs first bombard amplitude spectrum schematic diagram in front original common-shot-gather；
Fig. 5 (b) be the application provide remove ghosting interference method remove certain deep-sea towing cable collection data void do
Disturb first bombard amplitude spectrum schematic diagram in rear common-shot-gather；
Fig. 6 (a) is that the method for removing ghosting interference that the application is provided removes the empty anti-of certain deep-sea towing cable collection data
Blackberry lily disturbs front common midpoint gather superposition of data schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 (b) is that the method for removing ghosting interference that the application is provided removes the empty anti-of certain deep-sea towing cable collection data
Blackberry lily disturbs rear common midpoint gather superposition of data schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 (a) is that the method for removing ghosting interference that the application is provided removes the empty anti-of certain deep-sea towing cable collection data
Blackberry lily disturbs the amplitude spectrum schematic diagram of front common midpoint gather superposition of data；
Fig. 7 (b) is that the method for removing ghosting interference that the application is provided removes the empty anti-of certain deep-sea towing cable collection data
Blackberry lily disturbs the amplitude spectrum schematic diagram of rear common midpoint gather superposition of data；
Fig. 8 is a kind of apparatus structure block diagram of removal ghosting interference that the application is provided.
Specific embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the technical scheme in the application, below in conjunction with the application reality
The accompanying drawing in example is applied, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described enforcement
Example is only some embodiments of the present application, rather than the embodiment of whole.Based on the embodiment in the application, this area is common
The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, should all belong to the application protection
Scope.
During in view of the noise jamming that ghosting many subwave generations in sea level are eliminated using existing method, can only part
Recover the frequency depression that ghosting is produced in ground, it is impossible to recover the defect of the loss of seismic wavelet frequency spectrum completely, inventors herein propose
The receiving point ghosting that sea level strong reflection interface produces in by directly calculating ghosting removal operator to eliminate geological data
Repeatedly wave interference affects, the method to improve geological data signal to noise ratio and resolution ratio, specifically, as shown in figure 1, can include with
Lower step：
Step 101：Obtain each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain in marine work area.
In the present embodiment, obtaining each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain in marine work area can include：Obtain
Each geophone station geological data in the time domain in marine work area, and geological data in the time domain is converted into into frequency domain, can be with
Obtain geological data in a frequency domain.Wherein, it is referred to as receiving point in herein described geophone station.That is, above-mentioned acquisition sea
Each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain can be equal in the marine work area of acquisition each receiving point in frequency domain in upper work area
In geological data.
Specifically, it is possible to use marine streamer acquisition technique, wave detector is fixed on towing cable to gather geological data.
Geological data can also be gathered using additive method in practical application, the application is not construed as limiting to this.
It is possible to further pre-process to the geological data that each geophone station in marine work area is collected.Wherein,
The pretreatment can be arranged label, define observation system, the geological data to collecting of geological data for geological data
Carry out the process such as velocity analysis.In the present embodiment, during geological data pretreatment is carried out, can be by the ground for collecting
According to SEGY, CGG and grisys etc., any one file format is preserved shake track data.
After each geophone station geological data in the time domain in acquisition work area, can be according to below equation to geophone station
Received geological data carries out Fourier transform, such that it is able to reach the mesh changed the geological data in time domain to frequency domain
's.Specifically, each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain can be obtained according to below equation：
Wherein, WNL=e-j2π/NL
Wherein, snN-th geophone station of [i] expression geological data in the time domain, i=1,2,3 ..., ML, i represents earthquake
The sampling point serial number of data, ML represents the sampling point total number of geological data, and k=1,2,3 ..., NL, k represents geological data in frequency
Sampling point serial number in domain, NL represents geological data sampling point total number in a frequency domain.
Step 102：Described each geophone station is obtained to the distance of focus and the distance on sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface；Root
According to the distance and the distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface of described each geophone station to focus, it is determined that reflection it is described each
The offset distance factor of geophone station offset distance.
Step 103：According to the offset distance factor, determine according to the computational methods of default ghost delay time described
The time delay that each geophone station ghosting postpones.
Ghosting is the one kind in multiple reflections, can refer to and be upwardly propagated by demolition point, run into weathering zone bottom surface or
After ground, propagation is reflected down again, the last phenomenon for reflexing to ground again from following reflecting interface again.Therefore, ghosting
Often accompany (therefore and being properly termed as ghost) with primary event, or mix with the afterbody of primary event, or shape
Into single ripple.
Further, for the ghosting of sea level, reflection seismic wavelet reaches seabed from hypocentral location, due to seabed
It is a strong reflection interface, it can reflect this seismic wavelet.Reflection wavelet continues up the detection proceeded to up to towing cable position
At device, wave detector senses and records this reflection seismic wavelet, and this is primary reflection, is the effective reflection letter in geological data
Number.This reflection seismic wavelet is continued up and proceeded to up to sea, and because sea is a stronger reflecting interface, this is reflectingly
Shake wavelet is reflected by sea, after changing direction propagation downwards, arrives again at the wave detector in towing cable, and now wave detector is again
Sense and record this reflection seismic wavelet, and this by sea level be reflected towards lower propagation and by wave detector record it is anti-
It is inefficient reflections signal to penetrate seismic wavelet, i.e. many subwaves of sea level receiving point ghosting.Ghosting many subwaves in sea level are marine
Noise jamming maximum in seismic exploration data in work area.Removal ghosting interference described in this application is also referred to
Noise jamming caused by many subwaves of sea level ghosting.
In this application, can be by the primary reflection and ghosting from same focus received by same geophone station
Time interval between many subwaves is referred to as the time that the geophone station ghosting postpones.
Obtain each geophone station to focus distance and sea level to the distance at sub-bottom reflection interface, can basis
Each geophone station to focus distance and sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface ratio of distances constant square with the first parameter preset phase
After taking advantage of, resulting product is added with the second parameter preset, and the result after will add up takes root, according to taking the value after root come really
The fixed offset distance factor.It is determined that after the offset distance factor, can be by the distance of described each geophone station to sea level
After the ratio of seawater speed and the offset distance fac-tor, the resulting parameter preset of sum of products the 3rd is multiplied, according to multiplication
Value afterwards is determining the time delay.
Wherein, first parameter preset, second parameter preset and the 3rd parameter preset can be a realities
Number, the root can be square root, cubic root etc., and the application is not construed as limiting to this.
The determination method of the time delay is illustrated below by a specific embodiment.
According to the propagation path schematic diagram of many subwaves of ghosting as shown in Figure 2, in accordance with the following methods work can be obtained
The time delay that the ghosting of n-th geophone station postpones in area：
Wherein,N-th geophone station is represented to the ghosting time of focus,Represent n-th geophone station to the one of focus
Secondary reflection time, τnRepresent the time that n-th geophone station ghosting postpones.
For the propagation path schematic diagram of many subwaves of ghosting as shown in Figure 2, d represents sea level to subsurface reflective
The distance at interface, zsRepresent sea level to the distance of focus horizontal plane, zrRepresent sea level to the distance of geophone station horizontal plane, xn
N-th geophone station or receiving point are represented to the distance of focus, V represents seawater speed.
Primary event time of the focus to n-th geophone stationCan be expressed as：
Ghosting time of the focus to n-th geophone stationCan be expressed as：
For the streamer data of deep-sea, sea level to subsurface reflective boundary is far longer than sea level to focus apart from d
Horizontal plane apart from zsWith sea level to geophone station horizontal plane apart from zr, therefore：
Then：
The delay time T that focus postpones to the ghosting of n-th geophone stationnCan be expressed as：
The offset distance offset distance factor can be defined：
Then：The delay time T that n-th geophone station ghosting postponesnCan be expressed as：
I.e., in one embodiment, can be by the offset distance factor, according to the computational methods of above-mentioned ghost delay time
It is determined that the time delay that described each geophone station ghosting postpones.
Step 104：According to the time delay, according to the computational methods of default removal ghosting described each inspection is determined
Wave point removes the operator of ghosting.
After the time delay that each geophone station ghosting postpones is obtained, can be calculated according to the time delay after determination
The ghosting operator frequency spectrum of each geophone station；Determine the operator further according to the inverse of the ghosting operator frequency spectrum.
The determination method of the operator is illustrated below by a specific embodiment.
Used as the adjoint reflection that primary event postpones, ghosting is appeared in a seismic channel.Ghosting can include：
Source ghost and receiving point ghosting.Source ghost is produced by the secondary focus of the primary event energy for moving down
, and this primary event is by the energy production for moving up；Receiving point ghosting is by the primary event for moving up
What the secondary focus of energy was produced, and this primary event is by the energy production for moving down.Using minimum phase pulse
To simulate ghosting, can be expressed as in the time domain：
Sn(t)=Rn(t)+rRn(t-τn)
Wherein, SnT () represents n-th geophone station to the seismic channel comprising primary event and ghosting of focus, Rn(t) table
Show n-th geophone station to the primary event seismic channel of focus, t represents the propagation time of geological data, r represents sea level reflection system
Number, τnRepresent the time that n-th geophone station ghosting postpones.
Further, the span of sea level reflectance factor can be：-1≤r≤-0.8.
Ghosting in above-mentioned time domain is changed to frequency domain, can be expressed as：
Wherein, S (f) represents n-th geophone station to the seismic channel frequency spectrum comprising primary event and ghosting of focus, R (f)
N-th geophone station is represented to the primary event seismic channel frequency spectrum of focus, f represents frequency.
Then, ghosting operator in a frequency domain, can be expressed as：
Further, its power spectrum can be expressed as：
A (f)=1+r2+2r cos2πfτn
Work as frequencyWhen, power spectrum has minimum of a value Amin=1+r2+ 2r, wherein, k=1,2,3 ..., NL, now frequency
ValueReferred to as (k+1) individual depression frequency.
When sea level is used as reflecting interface, sea level reflectance factor r=-1.So, the operator for removing ghosting can be with
It is expressed as：
The equation is carried out into discretization, can obtain removing the operator H of ghostingn[k]：
Wherein,
Wherein, Δ t represents geological data sampling time interval in the time domain, and r represents sea level reflectance factor.
In the present embodiment, the earthquake numbers such as Δ t, the NL required for reading in the preprocessed data that can be preserved from system
According to come ask for remove ghosting operator.
Step 105：According to the geological data and the operator, it is determined that described each geophone station is removed after ghosting interference
The frequency domain value of geological data.
After the operator is obtained, can be determined according to the product of the geological data and the operator described in each
Geophone station removes the frequency domain value after ghosting.
In one embodiment, it is determined that each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain and each geophone station are in frequency domain
After the middle operator for removing ghosting, can determine that each geophone station removes the frequency domain value after ghosting according to below equation：
Yn[k]=Sn[k]Hn[k]
Wherein, Yn[k] represents that n-th geophone station removes the frequency domain value after ghosting, and k=1,2,3 ..., NL, k represents ground
Shake data sampling point serial number in a frequency domain, NL represents geological data sampling point total number in a frequency domain, Sn[k] is represented n-th
Geophone station geological data in a frequency domain, Hn[k] represents the operator of n-th geophone station removal ghosting.
By the removal corresponding to the corresponding frequency domain value of geological data and n-th geophone station received by n-th geophone station
The operator of ghosting substitutes into above-mentioned formula, can obtain n-th geophone station and remove the frequency domain value after ghosting.To in marine work area
Each geophone station carries out above-mentioned calculating each geophone station is obtained in marine work area removing the frequency domain value after ghosting.
In the present embodiment, can adopt inverse Fourier transform that each resulting geophone station is removed the frequency after ghosting
Thresholding is changed to time domain, and such that it is able to obtain each geophone station the time-domain value after ghosting is removed.Specifically, can adopt following
Formula is calculated：
Wherein, WNL=e-j2π/NL
Wherein, yn[m] represents that n-th geophone station removes the time-domain value after ghosting, and k=1,2,3 ..., NL, k represents ground
Shake data sampling point serial number in a frequency domain, NL represents geological data sampling point total number in a frequency domain, m=1,2,3 ..., ML,
M represents the sampling point serial number of geological data, and ML represents the sampling point total number of geological data, Yn[k] represents that n-th geophone station is removed
Frequency domain value after ghosting.
The method that above-mentioned removal ghosting is disturbed is specifically described with reference to a specific embodiment, in this reality
In applying example, the method disturbed by above-mentioned removal ghosting removes the ghosting interference of certain deep-sea towing cable collection data.But value
It is noted that the specific embodiment merely to the present invention is better described, does not constitute inappropriate limitation of the present invention.
When specifically, to the deep-sea gathered data, the sinking depth of towing cable is 9.5m, and towing cable overall length is 6000m, working path
The roads of Shuo Wei 480, degree of covering is 60 times, and road spacing is 12.5m, and rifle sinking depth is 7.5m, and shot-geophone distances is 50m, shot point depth
Spend for 7.5m, seawater speed is 1500m/s.The sampling time interval of data is 2ms, and peak frequency is 250Hz.
As shown in figure 3, the method disturbed by above-mentioned removal ghosting removes the ghosting of certain deep-sea towing cable collection data
Interference may comprise steps of：
Step 301：The geological data that each geophone station is collected in certain deep-sea is obtained, using Fourier transformation by time domain
Geological data be converted into frequency domain, obtain each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain.
Step 302：Calculate each geophone station ghosting in a frequency domain in certain deep-sea and remove operator.
Specifically, can determine that each geophone station removes in a frequency domain the operator of ghosting according to below equation：
Wherein,
Wherein, HnN-th geophone station of [k] expression removes in a frequency domain the operator of ghosting, k=1,2,3 ..., NL, k table
Show geological data sampling point number in a frequency domain, NL represents geological data sampling point total number in a frequency domain, xnRepresent n-th inspection
To the distance of focus, d represents sea level to the distance at sub-bottom reflection interface to wave point, and V represents seawater speed, zrRepresent that sea level is arrived
The distance of n-th geophone station, Δ t represents geological data sampling time interval in the time domain, and r represents sea level reflectance factor.
Step 303：According to described each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain and the operator, it is determined that described each inspection
Wave point removes the frequency domain value after ghosting.
Specifically, can be removed according to each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain and ghosting according to below equation and be calculated
Son, determines that each geophone station removes the frequency domain value after ghosting：
Yn[k]=Sn[k]Hn[k]
Wherein, Yn[k] represents that n-th geophone station removes the frequency domain value after ghosting, Sn[k] represents n-th geophone station in frequency
Geological data in domain.
Step 304：The frequency domain value that described each geophone station is removed after ghosting is changed to time domain from frequency domain, obtains described
Each geophone station removes the time-domain value after ghosting.
Specifically, can be calculated using below equation：
Wherein, WNL=e-j2π/NL
Wherein, yn[m] represents that n-th geophone station removes the time-domain value after ghosting, and m=1,2,3 ..., ML, m represents ground
The sampling point serial number of shake data, ML represents the sampling point total number of geological data, Yn[k] represents that n-th geophone station removes ghosting
Frequency domain value afterwards.
Fig. 4 (a) show and removes first bombard schematic diagram data in common-shot-gather original before ghosting interference, Fig. 4 (b)
It show and removes first bombard schematic diagram data in the common-shot-gather after ghosting interference；Fig. 5 (a) show removal ghosting and does
First bombard amplitude spectrum schematic diagram in front original common-shot-gather is disturbed, Fig. 5 (b) show the common-source point removed after ghosting interference
First bombard amplitude spectrum schematic diagram in road collection；Fig. 6 (a) show common midpoint gather superposition of data before removal ghosting interference and illustrates
Figure, Fig. 6 (b) show common midpoint gather superposition of data schematic diagram after removal ghosting interference；It is empty that Fig. 7 (a) show removal
The amplitude spectrum schematic diagram of common midpoint gather superposition of data before reflection interference, during Fig. 7 (b) is shown after removal ghosting interference altogether
The amplitude spectrum schematic diagram of heart point road collection superposition of data.
Contrast Fig. 4 (a), Fig. 4 (b) and Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b) respectively to understand：Fig. 4 (b) is compared to Fig. 4 (a), Fig. 6 (b)
It is more complete compared to Fig. 6 (a) data, i.e., can effectively be eliminated using the removal receiving point ghosting technology of the present invention and be collected
Deep-sea streamer data in sea level produce the multiple wave interference of ghosting, improve streamer data signal to noise ratio.Fig. 5 (b) compared to
The data of Fig. 5 (a), Fig. 7 (b) compared to Fig. 7 (a) in high and low frequency part are more complete, i.e., using the removal of the present invention
Ghosting perturbation technique has not only recovered the Frequency composition in the streamer data of deep-sea, has also recovered higher frequency composition, has
Effect has widened effective band, improves streamer seismic data resolution ratio.
Based on same inventive concept, a kind of device of removal ghosting interference is additionally provided in the embodiment of the present invention, it is as follows
Described in the embodiment in face.Principle and the method phase for removing ghosting interference due to removing the device solve problem of ghosting interference
Seemingly, thus remove ghosting interference device enforcements may refer to remove ghosting interference method enforcement, repeat in place of
Repeat no more.Used below, term " unit " or " module " can realize the software of predetermined function and/or the group of hardware
Close.Although the device described by following examples is preferably realized with software, hardware, or the combination of software and hardware
Realization be also may and to be contemplated.Fig. 8 is a kind of structural frames of the device for removing ghosting interference of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure, as shown in figure 8, can include：Seismic data acquisition module 801, factor determining module 802, time delay determining module
803rd, operator determining module 804, frequency domain value determining module 805, illustrate below to the structure.
Seismic data acquisition module 801, can be used for obtaining each geophone station earthquake number in a frequency domain in marine work area
According to；
Factor determining module 802, can be used for obtaining described each geophone station to focus distance and sea level to seabed
The distance of reflecting interface；According to the distance of described each geophone station to focus and the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface away from
From it is determined that the offset distance factor of reflection each geophone station offset distance；
Time delay determining module 803, can be used for according to the offset distance factor, when postponing according to default ghosting
Between computational methods determine the time delay that described each geophone station ghosting postpones；
Operator determining module 804, can be used for according to the time delay, according to the calculating side of default removal ghosting
Method determines that described each geophone station removes the operator of ghosting；
Frequency domain value determining module 805, can be used for according to the geological data and the operator, it is determined that described each detection
Point removes the frequency domain value of geological data after ghosting interference.
In one embodiment, the frequency domain value determining module 805 can be it is determined that described each geophone station removes void instead
After frequency domain value after penetrating, by described each geophone station remove the frequency domain value of geological data after ghosting interference from frequency domain change to
Time domain, obtains the time-domain value that described each geophone station removes geological data after ghosting interference.
In one embodiment, the frequency domain value determining module 805 can include：According to the geological data and the calculation
The product of son removes the frequency domain value of geological data after ghosting interference determining described each geophone station.
In one embodiment, the frequency domain value determining module 805 specifically can be used for according to below equation according to described
Each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain and the ghosting remove operator, it is determined that described each geophone station removes ghosting
The frequency domain value of geological data after interference：
Yn[k]=Sn[k]Hn[k]
Wherein, YnThe frequency domain value of geological data after n-th geophone station removal ghosting interference of [k] expression, k=1,2,
3 ..., NL, k represent geological data sampling point serial number in a frequency domain, and NL represents geological data sampling point total number in a frequency domain,
SnN-th geophone station of [k] expression geological data in a frequency domain, Hn[k] represents the operator of n-th geophone station removal ghosting.
In one embodiment, the factor determining module 802 can include：Distance of described each geophone station to focus
With after square being multiplied with the first parameter preset of the ratio of distances constant on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface, resulting product with
Second parameter preset is added, and the result after will add up takes root, the offset distance factor is determined according to the value after root is taken.
In one embodiment, the factor determining module 802 specifically can be used for determining reflection institute according to below equation
State the offset distance factor of each geophone station offset distance：
Wherein, α represents the offset distance factor, xnN-th geophone station or receiving point are represented to the distance of focus, d is represented
The distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface.
In one embodiment, the time delay determining module 803 can include：By described each geophone station to Hai Ping
After the distance in face and the ratio of seawater speed and the offset distance fac-tor, the resulting parameter preset of sum of products the 3rd is multiplied,
The time delay is determined according to the value after multiplication.
In one embodiment, the time delay determining module 803 specifically can be used for determining institute according to below equation
State the time delay that each geophone station ghosting postpones：
Wherein, τnThe time delay that n-th geophone station ghosting postpones is represented, V represents seawater speed, zrRepresent n-th inspection
Distance of the wave point to sea level.
In one embodiment, the operator determining module 804 can include：Calculate the ghosting of each geophone station
Operator frequency spectrum；The operator is determined according to the inverse of the ghosting operator frequency spectrum.
In one embodiment, the operator determining module 804 specifically can be used for determining according to below equation described each
Individual geophone station removes the operator of ghosting：
Wherein,
Wherein, Δ t represents geological data sampling time interval in the time domain, and r represents sea level reflectance factor.
In one embodiment, the span of the sea level reflectance factor r is -1≤r≤- 0.8.
In one embodiment, the seismic data acquisition module 801 can include：Obtain each geophone station in the time domain
Geological data, and the geological data in the time domain is converted into into frequency domain, obtain geological data in a frequency domain.
As can be seen from the above description, the embodiment of the present invention realizes following technique effect：Obtaining marine work area
Interior each geophone station is removed in a frequency domain after the operator of ghosting, according to described each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain
With the operator, it is determined that described each geophone station removes the frequency domain value after ghosting.Using described each geophone station to focus
Distance and the distance on sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface, it is determined that the offset distance factor of reflection each geophone station offset distance；Root
According to the offset distance factor, it is determined that the time that described each geophone station ghosting postpones；According to the time, it is determined that it is described each
The method that geophone station removes the operator of ghosting, has not only recovered geological data low-frequency component in a frequency domain, while also recovering
Radio-frequency component, has effectively widened effective band, improves the resolution ratio and signal to noise ratio of geological data.Using the computational methods
Amount of calculation is less, calculating speed is very fast, can effectively remove the noise jamming of many subwaves of sea level ghosting.
Although this application provides the method operating procedure as described in embodiment or flow chart, based on conventional or noninvasive
The means of the property made can include more or less operating procedures.The step of enumerating in embodiment order is only numerous steps
A kind of mode in execution sequence, does not represent unique execution sequence.When device in practice or end product are performed, can be with
According to embodiment, either method order shown in the drawings performs either executed in parallel (such as parallel processor or multiple threads
Environment, even distributed data processing environment).Term " including ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to
Nonexcludability is included, so that a series of process, method, product or equipment including key elements not only will including those
Element, but also including other key elements being not expressly set out, or also include for this process, method, product or equipment
Intrinsic key element.In the absence of more restrictions, it is not excluded that including the process of the key element, method, product or
Also there are other identical or equivalent elements in person's equipment.
Unit, device or module that above-described embodiment is illustrated etc., specifically can be realized by computer chip or entity, or
Realized by the product with certain function.For convenience of description, various modules point are divided into function when describing apparatus above
Do not describe.Certainly, can the function of each module is real in same or multiple softwares and/or hardware when the application is implemented
It is existing, it is also possible to realized the module for realizing same function by the combination of multiple submodule or subelement etc..Dress described above
Put embodiment only schematic, for example, the division of the unit, only a kind of division of logic function, when actually realizing
Can have other dividing mode, such as multiple units or component can with reference to or be desirably integrated into another system, or one
A little features can be ignored, or not perform.It is another, shown or discussed coupling each other or direct-coupling or communication link
It can be INDIRECT COUPLING or communication connection by some interfaces, device or unit to connect, and can be electrical, mechanical or other shapes
Formula.
The application can be described in the general context of computer executable instructions, such as program
Module.Usually, program module includes execution particular task or realizes routine, program, object, the group of particular abstract data type
Part, data structure, class etc..The application can also be in a distributed computing environment put into practice, in these DCEs,
Task is performed by the remote processing devices connected by communication network.In a distributed computing environment, program module can
With positioned at including in the local and remote computer-readable storage medium including storage device.
As seen through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that the application can
Realize by the mode of software plus required general hardware platform.Based on such understanding, the technical scheme essence of the application
On prior art is contributed part in other words can be embodied in the form of software product, the computer software product
Can be stored in storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD, including some instructions are used so that a computer equipment
(can be personal computer, mobile terminal, server, either network equipment etc.) perform each embodiment of the application or enforcement
Method described in some parts of example.
Each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of progressive, same or analogous portion between each embodiment
Divide mutually referring to what each embodiment was stressed is the difference with other embodiment.The application can be used for crowd
In more general or special purpose computing system environments or configuration.For example：Personal computer, server computer, handheld device or
Portable set, laptop device, multicomputer system, set based on the system of microprocessor, set top box, programmable electronics
Standby, network PC, minicom, mainframe computer, including the DCE etc. of any of the above system or equipment.
Although depicting the application by embodiment, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the application have it is many deformation and
Change is without deviating from spirit herein, it is desirable to which appended claim includes these deformations and changes without deviating from the application's
Spirit.
Claims (13)
1. it is a kind of to remove the method that ghosting is disturbed, it is characterised in that to include：
Obtain each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain in marine work area；
Described each geophone station is obtained to the distance of focus and the distance on sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface；According to described each inspection
Wave point is to the distance of focus and the distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface, it is determined that described each geophone station offset distance of reflection
The offset distance factor；
According to the offset distance factor, determine that described each geophone station is empty according to the computational methods of default ghost delay time
The time delay of reflection delay；
According to the time delay, determine that described each geophone station is removed according to the computational methods of default removal ghosting empty anti-
The operator penetrated；
According to the geological data and the operator, it is determined that described each geophone station removes the frequency of geological data after ghosting interference
Thresholding.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that it is determined that after described each geophone station removes ghosting interference
After the frequency domain value of shake data, methods described also includes：
The frequency domain value that described each geophone station removes geological data after ghosting interference is changed to time domain from frequency domain, obtains described
Each geophone station removes the time-domain value of geological data after ghosting interference.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that according to the geological data and the operator, determines described each
Individual geophone station removes the frequency domain value of geological data after ghosting interference, including：
Each geophone station described in being determined according to the product of the geological data and the operator removes earthquake after ghosting interference
The frequency domain value of data.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that according to below equation according to the geological data and the calculation
Son, it is determined that described each geophone station removes the frequency domain value of geological data after ghosting interference：
Yn[k]=Sn[k]Hn[k]
Wherein, Yn[k] represents the frequency domain value of geological data after n-th geophone station removal ghosting interference, k=1,2,3 ..., NL, k
Geological data sampling point serial number in a frequency domain is represented, NL represents geological data sampling point total number in a frequency domain, Sn[k] is represented
N-th geophone station geological data in a frequency domain, Hn[k] represents the operator of n-th geophone station removal ghosting.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the distance and the sea according to described each geophone station to focus
The distance of plane to sub-bottom reflection interface, it is determined that the offset distance factor of reflection each geophone station offset distance, including：
Described each geophone station to focus distance and the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface ratio of distances constant square with the
After one parameter preset is multiplied, resulting product is added with the second parameter preset, and the result after will add up takes root, according to the side of taking
Value after root is determining the offset distance factor.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that determine described each geophone station skew of reflection according to below equation
Away from the offset distance factor：
Wherein, α represents the offset distance factor, xnN-th geophone station or receiving point are represented to the distance of focus, d represents the sea
The distance of plane to sub-bottom reflection interface.
7. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that according to the offset distance factor, prolong according to default ghosting
Late the computational methods of time determine the time delay that described each geophone station ghosting postpones, including：
It is resulting by after the ratio of the distance of described each geophone station to sea level and seawater speed and the offset distance fac-tor
The parameter preset of sum of products the 3rd be multiplied, the time delay is determined according to the value after multiplication.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that determine that described each geophone station ghosting is prolonged according to below equation
Slow time delay：
Wherein, τnThe time delay that n-th geophone station ghosting postpones is represented, V represents seawater speed, zrRepresent n-th geophone station
To the distance on sea level.
9. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that according to the time delay, according to default removal ghosting
Computational methods determine that described each geophone station removes the operator of ghosting, including：
Calculate the ghosting operator frequency spectrum of each geophone station；
The operator is determined according to the inverse of the ghosting operator frequency spectrum.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that determine that described each geophone station is removed according to below equation empty
The operator of reflection：
Wherein,
Wherein, Δ t represents geological data sampling time interval in the time domain, and r represents sea level reflectance factor.
11. methods as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that the span of the sea level reflectance factor r is -1≤r
≤-0.8。
12. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that obtain each geophone station ground in a frequency domain in marine work area
Shake data, including：
Each geophone station geological data in the time domain is obtained, and the geological data in the time domain is converted into into frequency domain, obtained
To geological data in a frequency domain.
13. a kind of devices for removing ghosting interference, it is characterised in that include：
Seismic data acquisition module, for obtaining each geophone station geological data in a frequency domain in marine work area；
Factor determining module, for obtain described each geophone station to focus distance and sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface away from
From；According to the distance and the distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface of described each geophone station to focus, it is determined that reflection institute
State the offset distance factor of each geophone station offset distance；
Time delay determining module, for according to the offset distance factor, according to the calculating side of default ghost delay time
Method determines the time delay that described each geophone station ghosting postpones；
Operator determining module, for according to the time delay, determining according to the computational methods of default removal ghosting described
Each geophone station removes the operator of ghosting；
Frequency domain value determining module, for according to the geological data and the operator, it is determined that described each geophone station removes void instead
Blackberry lily disturbs the frequency domain value of rear geological data.
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