CN104350345A - System and method for producing liquefied hydrocarbon stream and method of operating compressor - Google Patents
System and method for producing liquefied hydrocarbon stream and method of operating compressor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104350345A CN104350345A CN201280061508.1A CN201280061508A CN104350345A CN 104350345 A CN104350345 A CN 104350345A CN 201280061508 A CN201280061508 A CN 201280061508A CN 104350345 A CN104350345 A CN 104350345A
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- guide vane
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/002—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0246—Surge control by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0298—Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
- F25J2280/20—Control for stopping, deriming or defrosting after an emergency shut-down of the installation or for back up system
Abstract
At least part of a fluid is compressed in a compressor driven by an electric motor. The compressor has variable inlet guide vanes of which an angle can be adjusted. The electric motor is powered using a power supply network, and a signal representative of a condition of the power supply network is monitored. From the signal, it is automatically determined whether additional load shedding is needed, by comparing the signal to a predetermined criterion. The variable inlet guide vanes angle is automatically adjusted when the criterion is satisfied and additional load shedding is needed, thus automatically reducing the loading of the compressor. The compressor and the method of operating the compressor may be employed as part of a system for producing a liquefied hydrocarbon stream and/or in the course of producing a liquefied hydrocarbon stream, in which case the compressor can be a refrigerant compressor and the fluid a refrigerant fluid.
Description
Technical field
In first aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of method for the production of liquefaction hydrocarbon stream.In second aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of system for the production of liquefaction hydrocarbon stream.On the other hand, the present invention relates to a kind of method of operate compressor.
Background technology
Industrial conventional liquefaction hydrocarbon stream is liquefied natural gas (LNG), and it obtains by liquefied natural gas stream.Because some reasons need liquefied natural gas.Such as, because liquefied natural gas occupies less space, do not need under high pressure to store, therefore, natural gas under liquefied natural gas form than easier storage, easier long-distance transportation in the gaseous state.
Be in No. No.2010/0257895, the U.S. Patent Application Publication before mandate and describe a kind of complete electrified liquefied natural gas facility producing liquefied natural gas, wherein, the compressor for refrigeration compressor form is used for cooled natural gas.Refrigeration compressor is driven by motor.Generating equipment provides electric energy to these motors.Generating equipment comprises multiple generator unit, and each generator unit is based on the generator operation driven by gas or steam turbine.
If available power declines suddenly or local interruption due to some reasons, so liquefied natural gas (LNG) production process will stop, and after at least spending some hours, refrigeration compressor could start again, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production process could stable operation again.
By installing the overcapacity generating equipment (based on so-called N+1 principle) of stand-by generator unit form, or by running multiple generator unit (being sometimes referred to as to keep " stand-by heat ") when being less than full capacity, this risk can be reduced.The something in common of these solutions is, a generator unit is had to quit work and can not bring adverse effect, this is because: compared with the N number of generator unit being required the total power requirements transmitting liquefied natural gas generating equipment with minimally, there is a stand-by generator unit according to N+1 principle configuration.
Also propose in Americana US2010/0257895, in the out-of-work situation of generator unit in generating equipment, if the total positive carry determined the above electric energy being less than generator unit and providing before quitting work for subsequent use, so, preferably, (rotation) speed of compressor drive apparatus is reduced.According to the second load characteristic curve of turbo-compressor, the power obtained from motor according to rotary speed cube and reduce.Even if consider that driven compressor speed declines, as long as no the actual energy needs reaching liquefied natural gas facility, at least one predetermined electric consumption assembly of closing in gas liquefaction system is suitable.
A shortcoming of the unloading solution proposed in Americana US2010/0257895 is, the response time carrying out unloading limits by total rotary inertia of the rotary part of motor, compressor and driving shaft.Another shortcoming is, the solution requirement compressor in US2010/0257895 is driven by the motor of variable velocity.
Summary of the invention
In first aspect, provide a kind of method of producing liquefaction hydrocarbon stream, comprise the following steps:
-cryogenic fluid is circulated in refrigerating circuit, be included in and compress cryogenic fluid at least partially by motor-driven refrigeration compressor, wherein, refrigeration compressor comprises variable inlet guide vane, can regulate the angle of variable inlet guide vane relative to reference position;
-from the hydrocarbon stream being initially gaseous state, get rid of heat, thus condensation is initially the hydrocarbon stream of gaseous state at least partially to form liquefaction hydrocarbon stream; The described step getting rid of heat comprises: the hydrocarbon stream being initially gaseous state described in making at least partially and the generation of the cryogenic fluid at least partially heat exchange circulated in refrigerating circuit;
-use power supply network to supply power to motor;
-monitoring shows the signal of power supply network situation;
-by this signal is compared with preassigned, from described signal automatic decision the need of performing unloading in addition;
-automatic the angle regulating variable inlet guide vane, thus, when meeting described standard and needs unload in addition, reduce the load of refrigeration compressor.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of system for the production of liquefaction hydrocarbon stream, this system comprises:
-refrigerating circuit, it is configured to cryogenic fluid is circulated, this refrigerating circuit comprises refrigeration compressor and motor, refrigeration compressor is for compressing cryogenic fluid at least partially, motor joins on refrigeration compressor to drive refrigeration compressor, wherein, refrigeration compressor comprises variable inlet guide vane, and the angle of this inlet guide vane can regulate relative to reference position;
-heat exchanger package, it comprises at least one heat exchanger, described heat exchanger package is configured to get rid of the heat of the hydrocarbon stream being initially gaseous state, thus the hydrocarbon stream that condensation is initially gaseous state is at least partially to form liquefaction hydrocarbon stream, the hydrocarbon stream being initially gaseous state at least partially described at least one heat exchanger described is configured to make and the cryogenic fluid at least partially circulated in refrigerating circuit carry out heat exchange each other;
-power supply network, it is connected on motor to provide electric energy to motor;
-unloading controller, it is configured to monitor the signal representing power supply network situation, by being compared with preassigned by this signal from described signal automatic decision the need of unloading in addition; When meeting described standard and needs unload in addition, by on variable inlet guide vane angular adjustment to position, in this position, make refrigeration compressor relative to the load of last situation and unloaded, thus make when not meeting described standard the angle of variable inlet guide vane be on last angle position.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of method of operate compressor, comprise the following steps:
-in by motor-driven compressor, compress fluid at least partially, wherein, this compressor comprises variable inlet guide vane, and the angle of this inlet guide vane can be conditioned;
-use power supply network to provide electric energy to motor;
-monitoring shows the signal of power supply network situation;
-by this signal is compared with preassigned, automatically judge whether to need to unload in addition from described signal;
-automatic the angle regulating variable inlet guide vane, thus, can compressor load be reduced when needs unload in addition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Now will by example, explain the present invention further with reference to nonrestrictive accompanying drawing, accompanying drawing is as follows:
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the system for the production of liquefaction hydrocarbon stream; And
Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the limiting examples of the embodiment of the variable inlet guide vane in centrifugal compressor.
In order to be described, single figure notation represents the stream of carrying in pipeline and pipeline.Identical reference marker represents like, stream or pipeline.
Detailed description of the invention
Present patent application description describes the method and system for the production of liquefaction hydrocarbon stream.In the process of producing liquefaction hydrocarbon stream, use by motor-driven compressor.Fluid is compressed within the compressor at least partially.This compressor has the variable inlet guide vane of its angle adjustable.By using power supply network to supply power to motor, the signal showing power supply network situation can be monitored.By this signal is compared with preassigned, can from described signal automatic decision the need of unloading in addition.When meeting standard and needs unload in addition, automatically can regulate the angle of variable inlet guide vane, thus automatically reducing compressor load.
By regulating the angle of variable inlet guide vane, reduction motor speed can not relied on and just can reduce electrical energy demands.Therefore, the discharging method of suggestion at present can be used, and need not consider use the electric driver of variable velocity or use the electric driver of fixed speed.
In addition, the inertia of rotary body (e.g., the rotary part of motor, compressor and driving shaft) can not affect the response time performing unloading.The inertia of the rotary part of the inertia ratio motor/compressor system of inlet guide vane is much smaller, therefore, can think: the response time relevant to regulating variable inlet guide vane can be less.
Such as, when monitor signal shows that available power drops to lower than predetermined value, compressor unloading can be allowed by regulating the angle of variable inlet guide vane.This signal shows power supply network situation, and this power supply situation shows the available electrical energy for the electric energy be just consumed on power supply network, thus, when described available power drops to lower than a predetermined value according to monitor signal, then meet described preassigned.
Like this, can power supply network be protected by unloading rapidly compressor, thus the electric energy required by power supply network can be reduced fast.
If do not meet preassigned, unload in addition with regard to not needing.
In one group of embodiment, show the mains frequency when signal of power supply network situation represents that power supply network runs.If mains frequency departs from predetermined nominal grid frequency, so go out to need to unload in addition by this signal deducibility.Usually, if actual electric network frequency is lower than nominal grid frequency, so need the power requirements carrying out unloading to reduce network, under contributing to allowing actual electric network frequency turn back to nominal grid frequency like this.Can be comprised the need of the step of carrying out in addition unloading by automatic decision by this signal: the mains frequency of reality and predetermined nominal grid frequency are compared.Need the preassigned carrying out in addition unloading can comprise nominal grid frequency for judging whether.When actual electric network frequency decrease is to during lower than predetermined nominal grid frequency, then meet this standard.
In a preferred embodiment, compressor configuration is the version of refrigeration compressor, thus fluid is cryogenic fluid, and such as it can be used in for the production of in the liquefaction system of hydrocarbon stream and/or process.Suitably, can by means of only motor-driven compressor.
The discharging method proposed also can be used for the overload preventing from causing because environment temperature raises.If compressor configuration is the version of the refrigeration compressor for compressing cryogenic fluid at least partially, this is particularly advantageous, can adopt this discharging method in the process of operation liquefaction hydrocarbon stream production technology.Environment temperature raises can increase the power requirements needed for liquefying to hydrocarbon stream usually.In addition, if power supply network provides power by one or more gas turbine, so available power will be reduced because environment temperature raises.
The compressor combination that the discharging method proposed can run with dependence so-called " lonely net pattern " (island-mode) generating equipment uses, in this kind of pattern, power supply network is supplied power to by special generating equipment, such as, also by inputting electric energy to supply power to power supply network from family expenses electrical network or industrial electrical network (other current consuming apparatus are also connected thereto).
If compressor comprises the variable inlet guide vane of its angle adjustable, so, perform the discharging method proposed just not require to do a large amount of adjustment to equipment.By changing existing control system (it has been on correct position usually, for controlling inlet guide vane configuration), or increasing a kind of dedicated control system, described method can be implemented.
Fig. 1 shows the method for operate compressor in the method and system producing liquefaction hydrocarbon stream.Compressor is refrigeration compressor and/or fluid is in certain embodiments cryogenic fluid, but the correlation technique knowledge relating to the operation of compressor is below not limited to or is limited to these embodiments.
System shown in Fig. 1 uses at least one refrigerating circuit, comprises the first refrigerating circuit 100 being configured to cryogenic fluid 110 is circulated.Each refrigerating circuit at least one refrigerating circuit described comprises the compressor for refrigeration compressor 120 form, for being compressed in the cryogenic fluid at least partially 110 of circulation in refrigerating circuit 100.Each refrigeration compressor is engaged with motor 130 by Mechanical Driven axle 125 usually, and described driving shaft stretches to drive the motor of corresponding refrigeration compressor 120 to rotate between corresponding refrigeration compressor 120 and motor 130.
Motor 130 is connected on power supply network 400, thus power is supplied to motor 130.The power distribution network 420 that power supply network comprises power supply (it typically is the form of generating equipment 410) and is connected on power supply.Generating equipment can be " lonely net pattern " type, is a kind of special generating equipment for supplying power to hydrocarbon liquefaction device; Or generating equipment can be external power source, its electric power can in input equipment.Power distribution network 420 can be connected on bus 430, to be powered by power circuit 140 at least one motor 130 described.
In the embodiment in figure 1, at least one refrigerating circuit described also comprises optional second refrigerating circuit 200, circulates to make the second cryogenic fluid 210.This second refrigerating circuit comprises the second refrigeration compressor 220, second motor 230, second power circuit 240 and the second Mechanical Driven axle 125, and the correlation between them is similar to the correlation between the above-mentioned parts in the first refrigerating circuit 100.
System shown in Fig. 1 also comprises heat exchanger package 300.Because many dissimilar heat exchanger package 300 are well known in the art, therefore extremely diagrammatically illustrate heat exchanger package.Heat exchanger package 300 is configured to get rid of the heat be initially in the hydrocarbon stream 10 of gaseous state, thus condensation is initially the hydrocarbon stream 10 of gaseous state at least partially, to form liquefaction hydrocarbon stream 90.Heat exchanger package generally includes at least one heat exchanger, its be configured to make described in be initially mutual heat exchange between the hydrocarbon stream 10 of gaseous state and the cryogenic fluid at least partially 110 circulated in refrigerating circuit 100 at least partially.
Compressor can be any compressor types being configured with variable inlet guide vane, comprises Axial Flow Compressor (e.g., the AN200 Axial Flow Compressor of General Electric Co. Limited's manufacture) and centrifugal compressor.
Inlet guide vane is arranged on commercially available refrigeration compressor usually to raise the efficiency and to expand opereating specification.Inlet guide vane is arranged on the first compression stage usually, but such as when having the overall gear formula compressor of multiple compression stage, inlet guide vane also can be arranged on one or more compression stages (e.g., the second compression stage) subsequently.
Inlet guide vane is arranged to the airfoil structure be radially positioned in the vapor stream of compressor usually.Aptly, inlet guide vane is positioned at air intake duct inside.In normal operation condition, usual this inlet guide vane contributes to, on the most effective direction, refrigerant vapour is introduced next compression stage and on the blade of guiding to next compression stage described or impeller.
Variable inlet guide vane such as can use in the present case, usually can rotate around its installation shaft.In normal operation condition, by making variable inlet guide vane rotate on diverse location, the admission velocity of cold-producing medium can be allowed different.By the propeller regulating mechanism be connected on actuator, described variable inlet guide vane is rotated.
Obviously, the present invention is not limited to geometry and/or the propeller regulating mechanism of the inlet guide vane of any specific type.There is various suitable mode to blade generation effect, comprise rotating ring principle, lever principle, fluid power piston principle, and act on all principles in variable inlet guide vane.Such as, No. 2010/0172745, U.S. Patent Application Publication and United States Patent (USP) 7,520, disclose in No. 716 variable inlet guide vane example and for regulating the possible mechanism of these blades.In these examples, steam inwardly flows towards the rotation of compressor usually.An example has been shown in No. 2010/0329898, U.S. Patent Publication, that is, along on the direction of rotation, the usual axial flow of steam.U.S. Patent Application Publication 2010/0172745 and No. 2010/0329898 and United States Patent (USP) 7,520, No. 716 to be combined in present patent application description as a reference.
An embodiment (it stems from No. 2010/0172745, U.S. Patent Application Publication) of the variable inlet guide vane of centrifugal compressor has been shown in Fig. 2, and it is illustrative unrestricted example.This compressor comprises propeller regulating mechanism and inlet guide vane 11, and propeller regulating mechanism adopts the rotating ring 13 being configured with multiple elongated slot 31, and inlet guide vane is around the circumference of rotating ring 13.Inlet guide vane 11 is pivotably connected on base plate (for clarity sake, not shown base plate), makes each inlet guide vane 11 can around axle 45 pivotable.Each inlet guide vane 11 is connected respectively on the end of one of multiple lever arm 43 by axle 45.Each lever arm 43 is provided with pin 35, and described pin stretches out outwardly on the direction of the plane rotated around its axle 45 perpendicular to lever arm 43.Each pin 35 is configured to be positioned in an elongated slot 31.When rotating ring 13 rotates relative to base plate, each inlet guide vane 11 rotates identical amount.
Still with reference to Fig. 2, propeller regulating mechanism also comprises gear-rack drive mechanism 21, and it is configured to drive a blade in described multiple inlet guide vane 11, thus produces driven vane 47.Gear-rack drive mechanism comprises gear 53 and tooth bar 57.Gear 53 is connected on the major axis 55 (it replaces axle 45) of driven vane 47.Tooth bar 57 comprises multiple tooth 59, and they are configured to be meshed with the multiple teeth 61 on gear 53, thus are operably connected on gear 53 by tooth bar 57.The end of tooth bar 57 is connected on driving shaft 23, and this driving shaft is such as activated by hydraulic cylinder (not shown).
Driving shaft 23 is configured to make tooth bar 57 carry out linear movement, this linear movement 24 is transformed into the rotary motion 25 of gear 53, thus driven vane 47 is rotated relative to base plate.Because each pin 35 on each lever arm 43 is positioned in the corresponding elongated slot 31 of rotating ring 13, pin 35 and elongated slot 31 interact, and therefore driven vane 47 passes torque to rotating ring 13.As shown in Figure 2, thus this moment is delivered to remaining inlet guide vane 11, like this, causes each inlet guide vane 11 synchronously to change its Angle Position with identical amount.The inlet guide vane of such adjustable variable is relative to the angle [alpha] of reference position 16.In fig. 2, such as, get radial position as reference position 16, but any suitable reference position can be selected.
Referring again to Fig. 1, this system is also configured with unloading controller C.Unloading controller is configured to the signal of monitoring the available power represented for the electric power be just consumed on power supply network, when the available power of monitoring drops to lower than predetermined value, and the inlet guide vane angle of unloading controller C adjustable variable.In this case, variable inlet guide vane can be adjusted in unification position, in this position, make refrigeration compressor unloaded relative to last situation, thus the angle of variable inlet guide vane is positioned on last angle position.Therefore, controller C can interact with the actuator of compressor 120.
The appropriate signals of monitor is mains frequency.Under Alternating Current Power Supply net is in steady state operation, it can run under (predetermined) nominal frequency.This mains frequency may be defined as the frequency of the whole system (comprise the generator of operation and all running loads of power consumption) relevant to power supply network, and it directly depends on that generator can flow to the electricity of system for the electricity needed for consuming usually.Generate output gradually or suddenly decline can cause frequency decrease.Therefore, mains frequency is a kind of efficiency index that needs unload that shows, it is particularly suited for combining with lonely net modeled power plants.Preferably, the actuator of controller C and compressor 120 interacts, and declines to stop mains frequency.
When especially running according to the electric energy of input, described signal is suitably external signal, and it is produced by Power Generation or one of the Power Generation supplying electrical power to network produces, to ask unloading.
Therefore, preferably, regulate the angle of variable inlet guide vane, make refrigeration compressor uninstall a part of former load, the load of unloading is equal to or greater than electric power vacancy.By this way, the difference between correction generated energy and power demand, power supply network continues to keep stable operation afterwards.
This system also comprises process controller PC, for controlling the production of liquefaction hydrocarbon stream 90.Advantageously, this process controller is configured to keep described variable inlet guide vane to be in optimum angle on target, with make when monitored available power is equal to or higher than predetermined value one of the efficiency and range of operation of refrigeration compressor 120 or both all reach optimum.
Unloading controller C can be independent dedicated control device; Or can be integrated with another controller, such as, another controller described can be configured to other aspects of also control system; Or unloading controller can be mixture controller, make the selected parts of unloading controller C be configured to independent controller, miscellaneous part and other controllers integrated.In an example, other controllers described can be process controller PC.
The running of said system is as follows.
Cryogenic fluid 110 circulates in refrigerating circuit 100.In this cyclic process, in refrigeration compressor 120, compress cryogenic fluid 100 at least partially to form the cold-producing medium of compression.Usually, motor 130 pairs of Mechanical Driven axles 125 apply rotary motion and this Mechanical Driven axle are rotated around its longitudinal axis, thus motor 130 drives refrigeration compressor 120.By the power operation motor 130 from power supply network 400.
By the cold-producing medium that compresses by heat exchanger package 300, cold-producing medium typically can be made to be expanded at described heat exchanger package place and reach low pressure, and evaporate by absorbing the heat that is initially the hydrocarbon stream 10 of gaseous state at least partially.But in many cases, this is not the requirement of often kind of heat exchanger package 300, by the cold-producing medium that compresses be expanded to reach described low pressure before can be condensed (preferably by sub-cooled).The cold-producing medium of evaporation turns back to refrigeration compressor 120 from heat exchanger package 300 and is re-compressed.So just complete in refrigerating circuit 100 and once circulate.In this cycle period, there is heat exchange in described being initially at least partially between the hydrocarbon stream 10 of gaseous state and the described cryogenic fluid just circulated in refrigerating circuit 100 at least partially, meanwhile, the refrigerant suction evaporated at least partially falls to be initially the heat of the hydrocarbon stream 10 of gaseous state.Because cryogenic fluid 120 and optional second cryogenic fluid and other cryogenic fluids sponge the heat of the hydrocarbon stream 10 being initially gaseous state at least partially, therefore, the described final condensation of hydrocarbon stream 10 being initially gaseous state at least partially, and form liquefaction hydrocarbon stream 90.
Under normal stable operation, operator can manually arrange variable inlet guide vane, or carrys out the variable inlet guide vane of automatic operation by process controller PC and/or compressor surge-proofing controller.Such as, variable inlet guide vane is set on selected angle position to obtain required action pane.
The available power of monitoring power-supply networks 400, remains on selected angular position as required or moves it another selected angular position, as long as the available power monitored is equal to or higher than predetermined value by variable inlet guide vane.In preferred operation embodiment, as long as the available power monitored is equal to or greater than predetermined value, then described variable inlet guide vane is kept to be positioned at optimum target angular position place, to make one of efficiency and opereating specification or both optimums of refrigeration compressor.
But, when monitored available power drops to lower than predetermined value, allow unloading controller generation effect by regulating the angle of variable inlet guide vane, thus refrigeration compressor 120 unloaded.This makes blade arrive the position being different from described selected angle to realize by changing rapidly blade angle.If selected angle be optimum angle on target (namely, situation about occurring in preferred operation embodiment), so, make it depart from optimum angle on target by the angle changing described variable inlet guide vane wittingly, then refrigeration compressor 120 can be made to unload.
Usually, the loading demands of refrigeration compressor can be reduced by closing variable inlet guide vane.According to the convention of this area, above-mentioned shutoff operation changes towards negative angle direction gradually corresponding to making the position of variable inlet guide vane, therefore, and 0
0correspond to optimum angle on target.
The heat exchanger package 300 in present patent application description is extremely briefly described in content above.It represents any suitable hydrocarbon liquefaction process, especially represents any gas deliquescence process producing liquefied natural gas, but the present invention is not limited to concrete selected heat exchanger package.The example of suitable heat exchanger package derives from single-stage refrigeration cycle process and (is generally single-stage mix refrigerant (SMR) process, as, author is published in the PRICO described in article " liquefied natural gas (LNG) production on floating platform " on Gastech1998 (Dubai) for K R Johnsen and P Christiansen; But also can be one pack system process of refrigerastion, as, author is the BHP-cLNG process described in the aforementioned document of Johnsen and Christiansen), two-stage refrigeration cyclic process (as, apply the more hybrid refrigeration cycle process containing propane, this process is abbreviated as C3MR usually, as United States Patent (USP) 4, in 404, No. 008, describe this process; Or be such as twin-stage hybrid refrigeration process (DMR), United States Patent (USP) 6,658, describes the example of this process in No. 891; Or, it is such as Two-way Cycle process, namely, each refrigerant circulating process comprises one-component refrigerant) and the process (United States Patent (USP) 7 that runs based on three or more compressor bank (it is for three or more kind of refrigeration cycle), the example of this process is disclosed) in 114, No. 351.
Other examples of suitable heat exchanger package are described: United States Patent (USP) 5 in following documents, 832,745 (Shell SMR), United States Patent (USP) 6,295,833 and 5,657,643 (these two sections of patent Jun Shi U.S. win the different SMR technique disclosed in Rec Wei Qi company (Black and Veatch)), United States Patent (USP) 6,370,910 (Shell DMR).Another suitable example of twin-stage hybrid refrigeration process (DMR) is so-called Axens liquefaction (LIQUEFIN) technique, this technique is described in article " LIQUEFIN: the improvement liquefaction process (AN INNOVATIVE PROCESS TO REDUCE LNG COSTS) reducing liquefied natural gas cost ", the author of this article is P-Y Martin etc., within 2003, is published in the 22nd world of the boundary natural gas meeting held in Tokyo.Other three suitable circulation heat exchanger groups such as disclose in the following documents: US6, 962, 060, WO2008/020044, US7, 127, 914, DE3521060A1, US5, 669, No. 234 (business is by name optimizes tandem type treatment process), US6, 253, No. 574 (business is called the tandem type treatment process of fluid-mixing), US6, 308, 531, No. 2008/0141711, U.S. Patent Application Publication, Mark J.Roberts etc. is published in Gastech2002, Doha, article " the mixed liquefied natural gas process process of Large Copacity unit unit AP-X (TM) " (Large capacity single train AP-X (TM) Hybrid LNG Process) on Qatar (13-16October2002).There is provided these suggestions to show that the present invention is widely used, do not represent that these suggestions are exclusiveness, and/or these suggestions are all possible schemes.Above-named all examples are not all use motor as the drive unit of refrigeration compressor.Obviously, any drive unit except motor can replace motor, can apply in the context of the present invention suitably.
The hydrocarbon stream 10 being initially gaseous state is cooled, is preferably finally liquefied, and this hydrocarbon stream 10 can derive from any suitable air-flow treating cooled (selectively, can be liquefied).Such as normally used example is natural gas flow, and it can obtain from natural gas or oil and gas reservoir or coal seam.Alternatively, the hydrocarbon stream 10 being initially gaseous state can also obtain from other sources, such as, comprises the synthetic sources such as Fiscber-Tropscb synthesis process.
If the hydrocarbon stream 10 being initially gaseous state is natural gas flows, so this hydrocarbon stream mainly comprises methane usually.Preferably, gaseous state hydrocarbon stream 10 at least comprises the methane of 50mol%, more preferably, at least comprises the methane of 80mol%.
According to hydrocarbon stream source, hydrocarbon that can be different but heavier than methane containing content in natural gas is especially such as ethane, propane and butane; Also may contain the less pentane of content and aromatic hydrocarbon.Composition changes according to gas type and position.
Traditionally, get rid of the hydrocarbon heavier than methane, to produce the Liquefied Hydrocarbon product stream meeting required specification requirement as much as possible.Such as, more such reasons such as the parts of the hydrocarbon blocking methane liquefaction device heavier than butane (C4) can be caused due to setting temperature or condensing temperature difference, before significantly cooling, the hydrocarbon heavier than butane (C4) to be got rid of as far as possible efficiently from natural gas.
Natural gas also can contain non-dydrocarbon constituents, as H
2o, N
2, CO
2, Hg, H
2s, other sulfide and analog.Therefore, if need, the hydrocarbon stream 10 being initially gaseous state containing natural gas cooled period or before can be processed by (in advance).This (in advance) processing procedure can comprise, and reduces and/or get rid of being not suitable for component (as CO
2and H
2or other steps (e.g., cool early, precharge or similar step) S).These steps are known for the person of ordinary skill of the art, therefore at this, its principle are discussed no longer further.
In disclosed in the text preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon stream 10 being initially gaseous state comprises natural gas, and therefore, liquefaction hydrocarbon stream 90 is liquefied natural gas streams.
The compressor (as refrigeration compressor) used in literary composition can be driven by motor specially, this means that motor is the unique drive unit driving compressor.
Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand, the present invention can advantageously apply with other Unloading Technology and/or generating equipment composite design, especially one or more technology and/or design disclosed in following documents is comprised: the patent application before mandate discloses No. 2010/0257895, United States Patent (USP) 7, 114, No. 351, the article " all motors in liquefied natural gas facility drive the advantage (All Electric Driven Refrigeration Compressor in LNG Plants Offer Advantages) of refrigeration compressor " that Fritz Kleiner and Steve Kaufmann delivers in Gastech2005.Such as, if current the proposed system and method for the production of liquefaction hydrocarbon stream comprises two or more refrigeration compressors (each compressor all compresses the part in whole cryogenic fluid stream) of parallel running, so, when one or more compressor cuts out, other compressors keep running.If require to regulate inlet guide vane terrifically and/or extend a period of time operation when load capacity reduces greatly, so especially need to consider above-mentioned this scheme.
Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand, and without departing from the scope of the appended claims, various different modes can be adopted to implement the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. produce a method for liquefaction hydrocarbon stream, comprise the following steps:
-cryogenic fluid is circulated in refrigerating circuit, be included in and compress cryogenic fluid at least partially by motor-driven refrigeration compressor, wherein, refrigeration compressor comprises variable inlet guide vane, and the angle of this variable inlet guide vane can regulate relative to reference position;
-from the hydrocarbon stream being initially gaseous state, get rid of heat, thus condensation is initially the hydrocarbon stream of gaseous state at least partially to form liquefaction hydrocarbon stream; The described step getting rid of heat comprises: the described hydrocarbon stream being initially gaseous state at least partially and the generation of the cryogenic fluid at least partially heat exchange circulated in refrigerating circuit;
-use power supply network to supply power to motor;
-monitoring shows the signal of power supply network situation;
-by this signal is compared with preassigned, from this signal automatic decision the need of unloading in addition;
-automatic the angle regulating described variable inlet guide vane, thus, when meeting described standard and needs unload in addition, reduce the load of refrigeration compressor.
2. method according to claim 1, also comprises step: keep described variable inlet guide vane to be in optimum angle on target, with make when not meeting described standard one of the efficiency and opereating specification of refrigeration compressor or both reach optimum.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, regulates the step of the angle of described variable inlet guide vane to comprise: change described variable inlet guide vane angle wittingly and make it depart from the angle on target of described optimum.
4. according to the method for aforementioned arbitrary claim, wherein, the described situation of power supply network represents the available power for the electric power be just consumed in power supply network; Wherein, according to monitor signal, when described available power drops to lower than a predetermined value, then meet described preassigned.
5. according to the method for aforementioned arbitrary claim, wherein, power supply network runs under mains frequency, wherein, represents the mains frequency when signal of power supply network situation shows that power supply network runs.
6. according to the method for aforementioned arbitrary claim, wherein, the hydrocarbon stream being initially gaseous state comprises natural gas, and wherein, liquefaction hydrocarbon stream is liquefied natural gas stream.
7., for the production of the system of liquefaction hydrocarbon stream, it comprises:
-refrigerating circuit, this refrigerating circuit is configured to cryogenic fluid is circulated, this refrigerating circuit comprises refrigeration compressor and motor, refrigeration compressor is for compressing cryogenic fluid at least partially, described motor joins on refrigeration compressor to drive refrigeration compressor, wherein, refrigeration compressor comprises variable inlet guide vane, and the angle of this inlet guide vane can be conditioned relative to reference position;
-heat exchanger package, this heat exchanger package comprises at least one heat exchanger, described heat exchanger package is configured to get rid of heat from the hydrocarbon stream being initially gaseous state, thus the hydrocarbon stream that condensation is initially gaseous state is at least partially to form liquefaction hydrocarbon stream, at least one heat exchanger described is configured to make the described hydrocarbon stream being initially gaseous state at least partially and the cryogenic fluid at least partially that circulates in refrigerating circuit to carry out heat exchange each other;
-power supply network, it is connected on motor to provide electric energy to motor;
-unloading controller, it is configured to monitor the signal representing power supply network situation, by this signal and preassigned being compared from described signal automatic decision the need of unloading in addition; When meeting described standard and needs unload in addition, described variable inlet guide vane is adjusted in a position, to make refrigeration compressor unload relative to the load of last situation in this position, thus, described variable inlet guide vane can be made to be on last angle position when not meeting described standard.
8. system according to claim 7, also comprise process controller, this process controller is configured to keep variable inlet guide vane to be in optimum angle on target, with can make when not meeting described standard one of the efficiency and opereating specification of refrigeration compressor or both reach optimum.
9. according to the system of claim 7 or 8, wherein, the described situation of power supply network represents the available power on the relative electric power power supply network consumed; Wherein, according to monitor signal, when available power drops to lower than a predetermined value, then meet described preassigned.
10. according to the system of the arbitrary claim in claim 7 to 9, wherein, power supply network runs under mains frequency, wherein, represents the mains frequency when signal of power supply network situation shows that power supply network runs; Wherein, when mains frequency drops to lower than predetermined nominal mains frequency, described preassigned is met.
11., for the method for operate compressor, comprise the following steps:
-in by motor-driven compressor, compress fluid at least partially, wherein, this compressor comprises variable inlet guide vane, and the angle of this inlet guide vane can be conditioned;
-use power supply network to provide electric energy to motor;
-monitoring shows the signal of power supply network situation;
-by this signal is compared with preassigned, from described signal automatic decision the need of unloading in addition;
-automatic the angle regulating variable inlet guide vane, thus, then reduce compressor load when meeting described standard and needs unload in addition.
12. methods according to claim 10, further comprising the steps of:
When not meeting described standard, keep variable inlet guide vane to be in optimum angle on target, with make one of the efficiency and opereating specification of compressor or both reach optimum.
13. methods according to claim 12, wherein, regulate the step of the angle of variable inlet guide vane to comprise: change the angle of variable inlet guide vane wittingly and make it depart from the angle on target of described optimum.
14. according to claim 11 to the method for the arbitrary claim in 13, and wherein, the described situation of power supply network represents the available power for the electric power consumed on power supply network; Wherein, when described available power drops to lower than a predetermined value according to prearranged signals, then described preassigned is met.
15. according to claim 11 to the method for the arbitrary claim in 14, and wherein, power supply network runs under mains frequency, wherein, represents the mains frequency when signal of power supply network situation shows that power supply network runs; Wherein, when mains frequency drops to lower than a predetermined nominal mains frequency, then described preassigned is met.
16. according to claim 11 to the method for the arbitrary claim in 15, and wherein, compressor is refrigeration compressor, thus described fluid is cryogenic fluid.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11193688.6 | 2011-12-15 | ||
| EP11193688.6A EP2604960A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Method of operating a compressor and system and method for producing a liquefied hydrocarbon stream |
| PCT/EP2012/075314 WO2013087740A2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2012-12-13 | System and method for producing a liquefied hydrocarbon stream and method of operating a compressor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104350345A true CN104350345A (en) | 2015-02-11 |
Family
ID=47358181
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201280061508.1A Pending CN104350345A (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2012-12-13 | System and method for producing liquefied hydrocarbon stream and method of operating compressor |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140311183A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2604960A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20140112496A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104350345A (en) |
| AP (1) | AP2014007627A0 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2012324009B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2859147C (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2621591C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013087740A2 (en) |
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| CN106015064A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-10-12 | 贵州赤天化股份有限公司 | Structure and operation method for driving compressor with motors instead of steam |
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| ITFI20130076A1 (en) * | 2013-04-04 | 2014-10-05 | Nuovo Pignone Srl | "INTEGRALLY-GEARED COMPRESSORS FOR PRECOOLING IN LNG APPLICATIONS" |
| IT201600109378A1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-04-28 | Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl | Natural gas liquefaction system including a turbocharger with integrated multiplier |
| IT201800000620A1 (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2019-07-08 | Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl | AMMONIA PRODUCTION PLANT |
| US10935312B2 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-03-02 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Balancing power in split mixed refrigerant liquefaction system |
| FR3099818B1 (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-11-04 | Air Liquide | Refrigeration device and installation and method for cooling and/or liquefaction |
| CA3170660A1 (en) | 2020-02-25 | 2021-09-02 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method and system for production optimization |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2604960A1 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
| AU2012324009A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
| RU2014128901A (en) | 2016-02-10 |
| AU2012324009B2 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
| KR20140112496A (en) | 2014-09-23 |
| CA2859147C (en) | 2020-04-28 |
| WO2013087740A3 (en) | 2015-09-11 |
| AP2014007627A0 (en) | 2014-05-31 |
| US20140311183A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
| CA2859147A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
| RU2621591C2 (en) | 2017-06-06 |
| WO2013087740A2 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
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