WO2008086957A2 - Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich flow - Google Patents

Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich flow Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008086957A2
WO2008086957A2 PCT/EP2008/000074 EP2008000074W WO2008086957A2 WO 2008086957 A2 WO2008086957 A2 WO 2008086957A2 EP 2008000074 W EP2008000074 W EP 2008000074W WO 2008086957 A2 WO2008086957 A2 WO 2008086957A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
mixture
hydrocarbon
coolant
liquefying
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2008/000074
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German (de)
French (fr)
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WO2008086957A3 (en
Inventor
Martin Kamann
Original Assignee
Linde Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2008086957A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008086957A2/en
Publication of WO2008086957A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008086957A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0298—Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D17/122—Multi-stage pumps the individual rotor discs being, one for each stage, on a common shaft and axially spaced, e.g. conventional centrifugal multi- stage compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0246—Surge control by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0287—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings including an electrical motor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cooling or liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, in particular a natural gas stream, by indirect heat exchange with the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture at least one refrigerant (mixture) circuit, wherein the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture is subjected to a compression.
  • turbo compressors For the compression of the circulating in the refrigerant (mixture) cycle refrigerant or refrigerant mixture usually turbo compressors are used.
  • the control concept of these compressors is speed, bypass or suction throttle control.
  • compressors in which a side feed is realized compressor constructions are to be understood, in which the refrigerant to be compressed or refrigerant mixture is supplied to the compressor in the form of multiple partial streams.
  • the mixing of the partial flows is carried out either by an internal admixture within the compressor or an external admixture in the piping.
  • the partial flows to different pressure levels and are compressed to a common final pressure.
  • double-flow machines or compressors are to be considered, in which the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture to be compressed is supplied in the form of two partial streams of the same suction pressure, which are compressed to a common final pressure.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for cooling or liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, in particular a natural gas stream, which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages.
  • a generic method for cooling or liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream is specified, which is characterized in that the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture is compressed by means of at least one Vorleitgitter-controlled single-shaft turbocompressor radial design.
  • vortex grille-controlled single-shaft turbocompressors radial design are hereinafter single-shaft turbocompressors radial design to understand that have on the suction side of or at least one of the compressor stages generally flow directing, adjustable internals.
  • the one or more vortex grid-controlled single-shaft turbocompressors of the radial design are driven by at least one electric motor and / or at least one gas turbine.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the investment costs since it is now possible to dispense with the previously required converters, which had to be designed for sufficiently high powers.
  • Vorleitgitter-controlled single-shaft turbocompressors radial design which are designed for a mains frequency of 50 to 60 heart, ie 3,000 to 3,600 revolutions per minute used - this is the case, for example, when multiple refrigerant circuits and / or mixed refrigerant circuits to a Cascade can be arranged or interconnected -, all turbocompressors can be started by a common Anfahrumrichters successively and synchronized with the power grid. In this case, the guiding grilles can be used to reduce the starting torque.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that current-network-related vibration problems, so-called interharmonic vibrations, can be avoided.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cooling or liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich flow, especially a natural gas flow, by indirect heat exchange with the coolant or coolant mixture of at least one coolant (mixture) circuit, the coolant or coolant mixture being subjected to compression. The invention is characterized in that the coolant or coolant mixture is compressed by at least one single-shaft radial turbocompressor with inlet guide vanes. The one or more single-shaft radial turbocompressors with inlet guide vanes are driven by at least one electric motor and/or at least one gas turbine.

Description

Beschreibung description
Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen StromesProcess for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abkühlen oder Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes, insbesondere eines Erdgas-Stromes, durch indirekten Wärmetausch mit dem Kältemittel oder Kältemittelgemisch wenigstens eines Kältemittel(gemisch)kreislaufes, wobei das Kältemittel bzw. Kältemittelgemisch einer Verdichtung unterworfen wird.The invention relates to a method for cooling or liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, in particular a natural gas stream, by indirect heat exchange with the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture at least one refrigerant (mixture) circuit, wherein the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture is subjected to a compression.
Die Formulierung des vorgenannten Oberbegriffes umfasse alle Abkühl- oder Verflüssigungsverfahren, bei denen wenigstens ein Kältemittelkreislauf oder Kältemittelgemischkreislauf der Abkühlung oder Verflüssigung eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes durch indirekten Wärmetausch dient - unabhängig davon, ob und mit welchen Mitteln eine (zusätzliche) Abkühlung oder Verflüssigung des Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes realisiert wird.The wording of the abovementioned generic term encompasses all cooling or liquefaction processes in which at least one refrigerant cycle or mixed refrigerant cycle serves to cool or liquefy a hydrocarbon-rich stream by indirect heat exchange, regardless of whether and by what means an (additional) cooling or liquefaction of the hydrocarbon -rich electricity is realized.
Gattungsgemäße Verfahren zum Abkühlen oder Verflüssigen von Kohlenwasserstoffreichen Strömen sind aus dem Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt. Hierbei existieren unterschiedliche Verfahren, denen jedoch gemein ist, dass wenigstens ein Kältemittelkreislauf oder Kältemittelgemischkreislauf - ggf. neben weiteren Kältekreisläufen - zur Abkühlung, Verflüssigung und/oder Unterkühlung des Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes herangezogen wird. Das innerhalb des Kältemittel(gemisch)kreislaufes zirkulierende Kältemittel bzw. Kältemittelgemisch wird hierbei ein- oder mehrstufig verdichtet, im Regelfall gegen sich selbst abgekühlt, kälteleistend entspannt und gegen das abzukühlende bzw. zu verflüssigende Medium angewärmt und verdampft.Generic processes for cooling or liquefying hydrocarbon-rich streams are well known in the art. In this case, there are different methods, which are common, however, that at least one refrigerant circuit or refrigerant mixture cycle - possibly in addition to other refrigeration circuits - is used for cooling, liquefaction and / or supercooling of the hydrocarbon-rich stream. The circulating within the refrigerant (mixture) circulation refrigerant or refrigerant mixture is hereby one or more stages compressed, usually cooled against itself, cold-relaxed and heated against the cooled or liquefied medium and evaporated.
Für die Verdichtung des in dem Kältemittel(gemisch)kreislauf zirkulierenden Kältemittels bzw. Kältemittelgemisches kommen üblicherweise Turboverdichter zur Anwendung. Als Regelungskonzept dieser Verdichter dienen Drehzahl-, Bypass- oder Saugdrosselregelungsverfahren. Insbesondere Verdichter, bei denen eineFor the compression of the circulating in the refrigerant (mixture) cycle refrigerant or refrigerant mixture usually turbo compressors are used. The control concept of these compressors is speed, bypass or suction throttle control. In particular, compressors in which a
Seiteneinspeisung realisiert wird, stellen jedoch hohe Anforderungen bezüglich ihrer Regelung, um Schwankungen der Einspeisedrücke zu vermeiden oder zumindest soweit als möglich zu reduzieren. Unter dem Begriff "Verdichter, bei denen eine Seiteneinspeisung realisiert wird", sind Verdichterkonstruktionen zu verstehen, bei denen das zu verdichtende Kältemittel oder Kältemittelgemisch dem Verdichter in Form mehrerer Teilströme zugeführt wird. Die Vermischung der Teilströme erfolgt entweder durch eine interne Beimischung innerhalb des Verdichters oder eine externe Beimischung in der Verrohrung. Hierbei weisen die Teilströme unterschiedliche Druckniveaus auf und werden auf einen gemeinsamen Enddruck verdichtet. Als weitere Sonderform sind sog. doppelflutige Maschinen bzw. Verdichter zu betrachten, bei denen das zu verdichtende Kältemittel oder Kältemittelgemisch in Form zweier Teilströme gleichen Saugdruckes, die auf einen gemeinsamen Enddruck verdichtet werden, zugeführt wird.Side feed is implemented, but make high demands on their regulation, to avoid fluctuations in the feed pressures, or at least reduce as much as possible. The term "compressors in which a side feed is realized", compressor constructions are to be understood, in which the refrigerant to be compressed or refrigerant mixture is supplied to the compressor in the form of multiple partial streams. The mixing of the partial flows is carried out either by an internal admixture within the compressor or an external admixture in the piping. In this case, the partial flows to different pressure levels and are compressed to a common final pressure. As a further special form so-called double-flow machines or compressors are to be considered, in which the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture to be compressed is supplied in the form of two partial streams of the same suction pressure, which are compressed to a common final pressure.
Die Kapazitäten gattungsgemäßer Abkühl- bzw. Verflüssigungsverfahren und -anlagen, insbesondere von Erdgas-Verflüssigungsanlagen, steigen permanent an. Dies erfordert immer größere Kältemittelverdichter, was wiederum zur Folge hat, dass aufgrund aerodynamischer und mechanischer Limitierungen zwangsläufig niedrigere Antriebsdrehzahlen erforderlich werden. Gegenwärtig werden die größten realisierten bzw. realisierbaren Kältemittelverdichter mit Drehzahlen in der Größenordnung von 3.000 bis 3.600 Umdrehungen pro Minute ausgelegt und betrieben. Als Antriebe für diese Kältemittelverdichter dienen Elektro-Motoren oder Gasturbinen, die je nach gewählter Bauart drehzahlregelbar sein können. Die derzeit größten, als mechanische Antriebe am Markt verfügbaren Gasturbinen laufen nahezu drehzahlfest bei etwa 3.000 bzw. 3600 Umdrehungen pro Minute.The capacities of generic cooling or liquefaction processes and plants, in particular of natural gas liquefaction plants, are constantly increasing. This requires ever larger refrigerant compressor, which in turn has the consequence that necessarily lower drive speeds are required due to aerodynamic and mechanical limitations. Currently, the largest refrigerant compressors that can be realized and designed are designed and operated at speeds of the order of 3,000 to 3,600 revolutions per minute. As drives for these refrigerant compressors are electric motors or gas turbines, which can be speed controlled depending on the selected type. The largest gas turbines available on the market today as mechanical drives are running almost at speeds of about 3,000 and 3,600 revolutions per minute respectively.
Die vorgenannten Verdichter-Regelungsverfahren sind jedoch mehr oder weniger verlustbehaftet. So entstehen im Falle des Antriebes der Verdichter mittels drehzahlregelbarer Elektro-Motoren Verluste in den für die Drehzahlregelung erforderlichen Umrichtern. Darüber hinaus erfordern die vorgenannten Umrichter zusätzliche Investitionen. Herkömmliche Gasturbinen-Antriebe in den gewünschten bzw. erforderlichen Leistungsbereichen bieten oftmals nicht die Möglichkeit derHowever, the aforementioned compressor control methods are more or less lossy. Thus, in the case of the drive of the compressor by means of variable speed electric motors losses in the necessary for the speed control converters. In addition, the aforementioned converters require additional investment. Conventional gas turbine drives in the desired or required power ranges often do not offer the possibility of
Drehzahlregelung, so dass Bypass- oder Saugdrosselregelungen erforderlich sind, die jedoch ebenfalls mit hohen Verlusten verbunden sind. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Abkühlen oder Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes, insbesondere eines Erdgas-Stromes anzugeben, das die vorgenannten Nachteile vermeidet.Speed control, so that bypass or Saugdrosselregelungen are required, which are also associated with high losses. Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for cooling or liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, in particular a natural gas stream, which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Abkühlen oder Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes angegeben, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass das Kältemittel bzw. Kältemittelgemisch mittels wenigstens eines Vorleitgitter-geregelten Einwellen-Turboverdichters radialer Bauart verdichtet wird.To solve this problem, a generic method for cooling or liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream is specified, which is characterized in that the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture is compressed by means of at least one Vorleitgitter-controlled single-shaft turbocompressor radial design.
Unter dem Begriff "Vorleitgitter-geregelter Einwellen-Turboverdichter radialer Bauart" seien nachfolgend Einwellen-Turboverdichter radialer Bauart zu verstehen, die auf der Saugseite der oder wenigstens einer der Verdichterstufen allgemein Strömungsrichtende, verstellbare Einbauten aufweisen.The term "vortex grille-controlled single-shaft turbocompressors radial design" are hereinafter single-shaft turbocompressors radial design to understand that have on the suction side of or at least one of the compressor stages generally flow directing, adjustable internals.
In vorteilhafter weise werden der oder die Vorleitgitter-geregelten Einwellen- Turboverdichter radialer Bauart von wenigstens einem Elektromotor und/oder wenigstens einer Gasturbine angetrieben.In an advantageous manner, the one or more vortex grid-controlled single-shaft turbocompressors of the radial design are driven by at least one electric motor and / or at least one gas turbine.
Die Verwendung Vorleitgitter-geregelter Einwellen-Turboverdichter radialer Bauart für Verfahren zum Abkühlen oder Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes wurde bisher von der Fachwelt nicht in Erwägung gezogen, da aufgrund der häufig tiefkalten Ansaugtemperaturen der Verdichter die Baubarkeit derartiger Maschinen bzw. Verdichter fraglich war. Zudem kommt ein netzsynchroner Betrieb der Verdichter bei 3000 bzw. 3600 Umdrehungen pro Minute ohne Zwischengetriebe nur durch die zunehmende Größe der Verdichter aufgrund der stark wachsenden Anlagen- bzw. Verflüssigungs-Kapazitäten in Betracht. Für kleinere Verdichter ist bei netzsynchronem Antrieb durch Elektro-Motoren ein Getriebe zur Drehzahlerhöhung notwendig; dieses Getriebe ist jedoch wiederum verlustbehaftet. Gasturbinen mittlerer und kleinerer Leistung bieten oft bauartbedingt die Möglichkeit der Drehzahlregelung, so dass ein weiterer Regelungsapparat kaum Vorteile bietet, aber höhere Investition erfordert.The use of radial-type direct-diverter-controlled single-shaft turbocompressors for processes for cooling or liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream has hitherto not been considered by the experts, since the buildability of such machines or compressors was questionable due to the frequently low-temperature compressor intake temperatures. In addition, a synchronous operation of the compressor at 3000 or 3600 revolutions per minute without intermediate gear only by the increasing size of the compressor due to the rapidly growing plant or liquefaction capacity into consideration. For smaller compressors, with gear-synchronous drive by electric motors, a gearbox is required to increase the speed; However, this transmission is again lossy. Gas turbines of medium and smaller power often offer the design of the speed control, so that another regulator provides little advantage, but requires higher investment.
Es hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, dass die Verwendung Vorleitgitter-geregelter Einwellen-Turboverdichter radialer Bauart erhebliche Vorteile gegenüber denjenigen Verdichterkonstruktionen, die bisher in derartigen Kältemittelgemischkreisläufen zur Anwendung kommen, aufweisen.It has surprisingly been found that the use of vortex grid-controlled single-shaft turbocompressors radial design considerable advantages over those Compressor constructions that are used in such mixed refrigerant circuits, have.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht eine Verringerung der Investitionskosten, da auf die bisher erforderlichen Umrichter, die für ausreichend große Leistungen ausgelegt sein mussten, nunmehr verzichtet werden kann.The method according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the investment costs since it is now possible to dispense with the previously required converters, which had to be designed for sufficiently high powers.
Kommen mehrere Vorleitgitter-geregelte Einwellen-Turboverdichter radialer Bauart, die auf eine Netzfrequenz von 50 bis 60 Herz, also 3.000 bis 3.600 Umdrehungen pro Minute ausgelegt sind, zur Anwendung - dies ist beispielsweise dann der Fall, wenn mehrere Kältemittelkreisläufe und/oder Kältemittelgemischkreisläufe zu einer Kaskade angeordnet bzw. verschaltet werden -, können sämtliche Turboverdichter mittels eines gemeinsamen Anfahrumrichters nacheinander hochgefahren und mit dem Stromnetz synchronisiert werden. Die Vorleitgitter können in diesem Fall dazu genutzt werden, das Anfahrmoment zu reduzieren.Are several Vorleitgitter-controlled single-shaft turbocompressors radial design, which are designed for a mains frequency of 50 to 60 heart, ie 3,000 to 3,600 revolutions per minute used - this is the case, for example, when multiple refrigerant circuits and / or mixed refrigerant circuits to a Cascade can be arranged or interconnected -, all turbocompressors can be started by a common Anfahrumrichters successively and synchronized with the power grid. In this case, the guiding grilles can be used to reduce the starting torque.
Von Vorteil bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist des Weiteren, dass stromnetzbedingte Schwingungsprobleme, sog. interharmonische Schwingungen, vermieden werden können. Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that current-network-related vibration problems, so-called interharmonic vibrations, can be avoided.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Abkühlen oder Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes, insbesondere eines Erdgas-Stromes, durch indirekten Wärmetausch mit dem Kältemittel oder Kältemittelgemisch wenigstens eines Kältemittel(gemisch)kreislaufes, wobei das Kältemittel bzw. Kältemittelgemisch einer Verdichtung unterworfen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kältemittel bzw. Kältemittelgemisch mittels wenigstens eines Vorleitgitter- geregelten Einwellen-Turboverdichters radialer Bauart verdichtet wird.1. A method for cooling or liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, in particular a natural gas stream, by indirect heat exchange with the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture at least one refrigerant (mixture) cycle, wherein the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture is subjected to a compression, characterized in that the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture is compressed by means of at least one Vorleitgitter- regulated single-shaft turbocompressor of radial design.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Vorleitgitter-geregelten Einwellen-Turboverdichter radialer Bauart von wenigstens einem Elektromotor und/oder wenigstens einer Gasturbine angetrieben werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the or the Vorleitgitter-controlled single-shaft turbocompressors of radial design of at least one electric motor and / or at least one gas turbine are driven.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Abkühlung oder Verflüssigung des Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes gegen zwei oder mehr Kältemittelkreisläufe und/oder Kältemittelgemischkreisläufe erfolgt und in wenigstens zwei dieser Kältemittelkreisläufe und/oder Kältemittelgemischkreisläufe eine ein- oder mehrstufige Verdichtung des Kältemittels bzw. Kältemittelgemisches erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verdichtung des Kältemittels bzw.3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling or liquefaction of the hydrocarbon-rich stream against two or more refrigerant cycles and / or refrigerant mixture cycles takes place and in at least two of these refrigerant circuits and / or refrigerant mixture cycles a one or more stages of compression of the refrigerant or refrigerant mixture takes place, characterized in that the compression of the refrigerant or
Kältemittelgemisches in wenigstens zwei der Kältemittelkreisläufe und/oder Kältemittelgemischkreisläufe mittels Vorleitgitter-geregelter Einwellen- Turboverdichter radialer Bauart erfolgt. Refrigerant mixture takes place in at least two of the refrigerant circuits and / or refrigerant mixture cycles by means of Vorleitgitter-controlled single-shaft turbocompressors radial design.
PCT/EP2008/000074 2007-01-18 2008-01-08 Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich flow WO2008086957A2 (en)

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