CN104349652B - 电子控制器的散热设备 - Google Patents

电子控制器的散热设备 Download PDF

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CN104349652B
CN104349652B CN201310594400.5A CN201310594400A CN104349652B CN 104349652 B CN104349652 B CN 104349652B CN 201310594400 A CN201310594400 A CN 201310594400A CN 104349652 B CN104349652 B CN 104349652B
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heat
hollow portion
working fluid
heat dissipation
dissipation equipment
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CN104349652A (zh
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廓真佑
宋京花
金敬福
秋仁昌
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于电子控制器的散热设备，其包含具有中空部的壳体，用来传热和散热的工作流体填充入中空部。电子控制器的壳体使用包含导热填料的材料形成为具有中空部，并且传热工作流体填充在中空部中，以改善冷却效率并实现减重。通过在相对于填充在壳体中空部中的工作流体的上端部形成使汽化工作流体冷凝的冷凝单元，工作流体的热交换效果可以最大化。

Description

电子控制器的散热设备
技术领域
本公开涉及用于电子控制器的散热设备，更具体地，涉及用于电子控制器的散热设备，其中电子控制器的壳体具有中空部并且用来传热和散热的工作流体填充入中空部。
背景技术
最近，安装在车辆内部的不同电气和电子部件（在下文中，称为电子控制器）的数量已不断增大，并且电子控制器已一体化。因此，用于冷却电子控制器的冷却系统的减重和安全，特别是散热，已经成为重要的问题。用于冷却安装在车辆内的多种电子控制器的常规冷却系统将做简要描述。
常规冷却系统通常是水冷式，因为空气冷却式比水冷式具有更低的冷却效率，因此不适用于高产热部件例如电池、逆变器以及任何其他相似和/或适当的部件。常规冷却系统，例如，冷却燃料电池车的马达控制器的冷却系统具有水冷结构，该水冷结构使用具有闭环的热交换器，并且环保车辆的逆变器系统使用直接的流体冷却系统来冷却绝缘栅双极型晶体管（IGBT）功率模块。
如图1A和1B示出，水冷式的常规冷却系统具有一体化地附着于各个控制器的功率设备的散热用散热器，其中循环有工作流体的冷却管布置成邻近于散热器。
然而，在水冷式的常规冷却系统中，冷却系统的各个组件的重量增加，难以使冷却管进行成型以形成冷却水流通通道，并且金属材料例如散热器的防腐蚀性能存在限制，可能发生冷却水的泄露。
发明内容
因此，本发明提供用于电子控制器的散热设备，其中电子控制器的壳体可以使用包含传热填料的材料而形成为具有中空部，并且传热工作流体可以填充入中空部，从而与车辆电子控制器的空气冷却式和水冷式的冷却系统相比，改善冷却效率，并且与水冷式的冷却系统相比，减轻冷却系统的重量。
本发明的多个方面还提供用于电子控制器的散热设备，其中散热销形状的冷却单元或包含高效冷凝用热电元件的冷却单元可以附着至相对于填充入壳体中空部的工作流体的上部，也就是说，附着至中空部的上端部，作为使汽化的工作流体冷凝的冷凝单元，从而使工作流体的热交换效果最大化。
根据本发明多个方面中的一个方面，提供用于电子控制器的散热设备，其中电子控制器的壳体可以使用导热材料形成为具有中空部，并且传热工作流体可以填充入中空部。
壳体可以由包含导热填料的导热工程塑料材料形成。相对于导热工程塑料材料的总重，导热填料可以以约30wt%至60wt%的范围包含其中。此外，导热填料可以包含由板状颗粒形成的石墨或氮化硼。使汽化的工作流体冷凝的热电元件可以布置在中空部的上端部。工作流体可以包含选自丙酮、氨、甲醇、水、和汞的一种，以及选自丙酮、氨、甲醇、水和汞的两种以上的组合，其中丙酮、氨、甲醇、水、和汞在吸热时汽化。加强中空部的刚度的多个肋可以一体化形成在中空部的底面并向上延伸。
附图说明
本发明的以上和其他特征将参考在附图中示出的示例性实施方式进行详细描述，这些示例性实施方式在以下仅以示例说明的方式给出，因此不限制本发明，其中：
图1A和1B是示出根据现有技术的用于电子控制器的散热构件的示意图
图2是示出本发明示例性实施方式的用于电子控制器的散热设备的示意图；
图3是示出根据本发明另一个示例性实施方式的用于电子控制器的散热设备的示意图；以及
图4是用于描述应用于本发明示例性实施方式的电子控制器用散热设备的传热填料的作用的示意图。
<附图标记的说明>
10：壳体 12：中空部
14：工作流体 16：导热填料
18：热电元件 20：盖壳体
22：肋
具体实施方式
应理解，本文使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似术语包括通常的机动车，例如，包括多功能运动车（SUV）、公共汽车、卡车、各种商务车的客车，包括各种船只和船舶的水运工具，飞行器等等，并且包括混合动力车、电动车、插入式混合电动车、氢动力车和其它代用燃料车（例如，来源于石油以外的资源的燃料）。如本文所提到的，混合动力车是具有两种或多种动力源的车辆，例如，具有汽油动力和电动力的车辆。
此外，应当理解，术语控制器/控制单元是指，包含存储器和处理器的硬件装置。存储器配置成存储模块，处理器具体配置成执行该模块以进行将在以下进一步描述的一个以上进程。
此外，本发明的控制逻辑可以具体表现为，在含有由处理器、控制器/控制单元等执行的可执行程序指令的计算机可读介质上的非瞬时性计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质的例子包括但不限于ROM、RAM、光盘（CD）-ROM、磁带、软盘、闪存驱动器、智能卡和光数据存储装置。计算机可读记录介质也可以在连接网络的计算机系统中分布，从而计算机可读媒体可以通过例如远程信息处理服务器或控制器局域网络（CAN）以分布方式存储并执行。
本文使用的术语仅仅是为了说明具体实施方式，而不是意在限制本发明。如本文所使用的，单数形式“一个、一种、该”也意在包括复数形式，除非上下文中另外清楚指明。还应当理解的是，在说明书中使用的术语“包括、包含、含有”是指存在所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件，但是不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其群组。如本文所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关所列项的任何和所有组合。
除非特别指出或从上下文清晰得到，术语“约”应理解为在本领域正常容忍范围内，例如在均值的2个标准差内。“约”可以理解为在所述值的10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%或0.01%内。除非另外从上下文清晰得出，本文中提供的所有数值都被术语“约”修饰。
在下文中，本发明将参考附图进行详细描述，以使本领域普通技术人员能够轻松地实施本发明。
在图2中，附图标记10表示电子控制器的壳体。壳体10围住电子控制器（例如，燃料电池车的马达控制器、混合动力车的电池、逆变器、IGBT功率模块，以及任何其他相似和/或适当的单元）以进行保护。为具有比传统金属材料更轻重量的材料，壳体10可以用导热塑料材料制造。更具体地，为使电子控制器中产生的热传到外部以进行发散，壳体10可以用包含导热填料16的导热工程塑料材料进行成型，并且相对于导热工程塑料材料的总重，导热填料16可以以约30wt%至60wt%的范围包含其中。
导热填料16可以包含由板状颗粒形成的石墨或氮化硼，或者任何其他相似和/或适当的具有热导性并包含板状颗粒的材料。特别地，壳体10可以形成为，使用导热材料来围住电子控制器，并在其中具有中空部12。中空部12可以形成在壳体10的四侧壁内，具有开口的顶部，将壳体10的四侧壁划分为外壁和内壁。
在壳体10形成具有中空部12之后，传热工作流体14可以经由中空部12的开口顶部填充入中空部12。工作流体14可以包含选自丙酮、氨、甲醇、水和汞的一种，或选自它们的两种以上的组合，其中丙酮、氨、甲醇、水和汞在吸热时汽化。因此，在电子控制器中产生的热可以经由包含在形成壳体10内壁的导热工程塑料材料中的导热填料16散至中空部12中的工作流体14，并且工作流体14可以通过吸热来汽化。
包含在壳体10外壁的导热工程塑料材料中的导热填料16可以将吸收在工作流体14中的一部分热散到外部，并防止工作流体14的汽化的气体分子或流体分子泄漏到外部。换言之，如图4所示，由板状颗粒形成的导热填料16可以将工作流体14的分子沿之移动到外部的路径最大化，从而防止工作流体14的分子泄漏到壳体10的外部。
具体而言，如图4所示，当导热填料颗粒不包含在其中时，工作流体14的分子移动路径是“t”，而当导热填料包含在其中，移动路径可增加“t”，从而当导热填料在平面内对齐时，可以防止工作流体14的分子移动到外部。具体而言，用在壳体10中的导热填料16可以作为电子控制器的散热介质而操作，并且同时可以阻止工作流体14的分子泄漏到外部。
在壳体10的中空部12的开口顶部，一般的热电元件18可以布置成使汽化的工作流体14冷凝。热电元件18可以附着至盖壳体20的顶面或底面，当盖壳体20组装成覆盖壳体10时，使热电元件18布置在填充有工作流体14的中空部12的冷凝空间之上。
因此，电子控制器中产生的热可以经由包含在壳体10内壁的导热工程塑料材料中的导热填料16而散至中空部12中的工作流体14，并且工作流体14可以吸热并朝向热电元件18汽化。之后，汽化的工作流体14可以通过热电元件18的冷却作用而冷凝，以使工作流体14沿着中空部12的壁返回到原始填充位置。
根据本发明的另一个示例性实施方式，考虑到由于中空部12形成在壳体10内，壳体10的刚度可能变弱，用来加固的肋22可以一体化地形成在中空部12中。如图3所示，多个肋22可以一体化地形成在壳体10的中空部12的底面并向上延伸，从而加强中空部12的刚度。多个肋22可以作为将中空部12划分为数个空间的屏障，并且工作流体14可以在划分为数个空间的中空部12中均匀地填充，引起汽化和冷凝重复进行，以进行电子控制器的散热。
根据本发明，电子控制器的壳体可以使用包含导热填料的材料形成为具有中空部，并且传热工作流体可以填充在中空部中，以在与空气冷却式和水冷式的常规冷却系统比较时，改善冷却效率，并且相比于水冷式实现重量减轻。
特别地，散热销形状的冷却单元或包含高效冷凝用的热电元件的冷却单元可以附着到相对于填充入壳体中空部的工作流体的上部，也就是说，附着到中空部的上端部，作为使汽化的工作流体冷凝的冷凝单元，从而基于工作流体的热交换使产生在电子控制器中的热的消散最大化。此外，通过在壳体的中空部中一体化地形成单独的肋，壳体的刚度可以得以加强。
尽管已经详细描述了本发明的示例性实施方式，本发明的范围不限于前述示例性实施方式，本领域技术人员利用在所附权利要求中定义的本发明基本概念而做出的修改和改进也包括在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于电子控制器的散热设备，包含：
壳体，其使用导热材料形成为具有中空部，
其中所述中空部填充有传热工作流体，
其中所述壳体由含有导热填料的导热工程塑料材料形成，
其中所述导热填料在平面内对齐以防止所述工作流体的分子泄漏到外部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的散热设备，其中，
包含相对于所述导热工程塑料材料的总重的约30wt％至60wt％的所述导热填料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的散热设备，其中，
所述导热填料包含由板状颗粒形成的石墨或氮化硼。
4.根据权利要求1所述的散热设备，还包含：
热电元件，布置在所述中空部的上端部，使汽化的工作流体冷凝。
5.根据权利要求1所述的散热设备，其中，
所述工作流体包含选自在吸热时汽化的丙酮、氨、甲醇、水和汞中的一种，或者选自丙酮、氨、甲醇、水和汞中的两种以上的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的散热设备，还包含：
多个肋，其加强所述中空部的刚度并且一体化地形成在所述中空部的底面并向上延伸。
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