CN104348224B - 电力控制装置 - Google Patents

电力控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104348224B
CN104348224B CN201410385783.XA CN201410385783A CN104348224B CN 104348224 B CN104348224 B CN 104348224B CN 201410385783 A CN201410385783 A CN 201410385783A CN 104348224 B CN104348224 B CN 104348224B
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temperature
state
storage device
electrical storage
module
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CN104348224A (zh
Inventor
土井隆行
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Kobelco Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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Kobelco Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
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    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract

本发明提供一种能够抑制蓄电装置在异常状态下充放电的电力控制装置(1)。电力控制装置(1)具备包含多个蓄电模块(32)的蓄电装置(31)、模块温度检测部(33)、温度状态判定部(61)、使用模块温度设定部(63)及充放电电力上限值设定部(65)。温度状态判定部(61)基于蓄电装置温度检测器(37)检测出的温度(Tz)判定蓄电装置(31)的温度状态。在判定为蓄电装置(31)的温度状态为非稳态温度状态的情况下，充放电电力上限值设定部(65)基于使用模块温度设定部(63)选择的最偏向非稳态温度状态侧的模块温度(Tmin)，设定蓄电装置(31)的充放电电力的上限值。

Description

电力控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种设置在工程机械中的电力控制装置。
背景技术
以往，已知有以下的工程机械，该工程机械具备蓄电装置，且将该蓄电装置中所储存的电力作为驱动源。例如在日本专利公开公报特开2002-325379号(专利文献1)的图4中，记载了根据蓄电装置的温度(代表性温度)设定蓄电装置的充电电力及放电电力的上限值的技术。
蓄电装置中有具备多个蓄电模块的蓄电装置。另一方面，根据蓄电装置的冷却方法或预热方法，蓄电装置的内部温度有时会发生偏差。因此，在所述的具备多个蓄电模块的蓄电装置中，在蓄电模块之间有时会产生温度差。在此情况下，若像所述专利文献1中记载的技术那样，基于蓄电装置的代表性温度来设定蓄电装置的充放电电力的上限值，则有可能会因特定蓄电模块的温度不恰当而发生问题。具体而言，在蓄电装置充放电时，如果有温度低于蓄电装置的代表性温度的蓄电模块，则有可能会在该蓄电模块中发生过电压。另一方面，在蓄电装置充放电时，如果有温度高于蓄电装置的代表性温度的蓄电模块，则该蓄电模块有可能会发生过热。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够抑制蓄电装置在异常状态下充放电的设置在工程机械中的电力控制装置。
本发明提供一种电力控制装置，设置在工程机械中，其包括：电动机；蓄电装置，与所述电动机之间授受电力且具备多个蓄电模块；蓄电装置温度检测器，检测与所述蓄电装置相关的温度；温度状态判定部，基于由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的温度，判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态是否与预先设定的非稳态温度状态相符；模块温度检测部，检测所述多个蓄电模块各自的温度、即模块温度；使用模块温度设定部，从所述模块温度检测部检测出的各所述模块温度中选择最偏向所述非稳态温度状态侧的模块温度来作为使用模块温度；以及充放电电力上限值设定部，在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态与所述非稳态温度状态相符的情况下，基于所述使用模块温度设定部所选择的所述使用模块温度，设定所述蓄电装置的充放电电力的上限值。
根据本发明，能够抑制蓄电装置在异常状态下充放电。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施方式所涉及的电力控制装置的框图。
图2是表示图1所示的蓄电装置功率设定部的动作的流程图。
图3是表示图1所示的蓄电装置功率设定部的动作的图，其中，(A)表示蓄电装置功率设定部在低温状态下的动作，(B)表示蓄电装置功率设定部在常温状态下的动作，(C)表示蓄电装置功率设定部在高温状态下的动作。
具体实施方式
参照图1～图3说明本发明的实施方式。
图1表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的电力控制装置1。该电力控制装置1包括蓄电装置31和用于控制该蓄电装置31的充电及放电的装置。电力控制装置1设置在工程机械中。工程机械包括未图示的下部行走体和能够回转地搭载在下部行走体上的未图示的上部回转体。电力控制装置1搭载于上部回转体。电力控制装置1设置在将蓄电装置31中所储存的电力作为驱动源(至少作为一部分驱动源)的工程机械、例如混合动力式工程机械中。或者，例如设置在电动式工程机械中。以下，说明电力控制装置1设置在混合动力式工程机械中的情况。
电力控制装置1包括多个发动机关联设备、多个回转电动机关联设备、多个蓄电装置关联设备、蓄电装置侧控制器40及车身侧控制器50。
所述多个发动机关联设备中包含发动机11、发电电动机13、液压泵15及发电转换器17。发动机11是所述工程机械的驱动源的一部分。所述发电电动机13连接于发动机11的输出轴。发电电动机13能够进行作为辅助发动机11的动力的电动机的动作和作为利用发动机11的驱动而发电的发电机的动作。液压泵15对所述工程机械所具备的液压致动器供应工作油。液压泵15连接于所述发动机11的输出轴。液压泵15由发动机11及发电电动机13驱动。发电转换器17是能够在发电电动机13与蓄电装置31之间授受电力的电力转换装置。发电转换器17具有转换电路和逆变电路。
所述多个回转电动机关联设备中包含回转电动机21和回转逆变器23。回转电动机21(电动机)能够进行使上部回转体相对于所述下部行走体回转的回转驱动动作(slewing-drive operation)和使相对于下部行走体回转的上部回转体减速而发电的再生动作(regenerative operation)。回转逆变器23是能够在回转电动机21与蓄电装置31之间授受电力的电力转换装置。回转逆变器23包括逆变电路和转换电路。
所述多个蓄电装置关联设备中包含蓄电装置31、多个模块温度检测器33、流体冷却装置35及蓄电装置温度检测器37。
所述蓄电装置31是储存电力的装置。蓄电装置31例如具备蓄电池(电池)。或者，例如也可以具备电容。或者，例如还可以具备组合了蓄电池(电池)和电容的装置。蓄电装置31与发电电动机13授受电力以及与回转电动机21授受电力。蓄电装置31包括未图示的电气设备等和多个蓄电模块32。各蓄电模块32例如由彼此连接的多个蓄电电池构成。
该电力控制装置1与所述蓄电装置31相关联而包括电压传感器25及电流传感器27。电压传感器25检测蓄电装置31的端子间电压(电池电压、系统电压)。所述电流传感器27检测从蓄电装置31流入回转逆变器23(或发电转换器17)的电流。电压传感器25及电流传感器27分别生成检测信号，并将该检测信号输入至车身侧控制器50。
所述多个模块温度检测器33构成模块温度检测部，且所述多个模块温度检测器33分别针对所述所述蓄电模块32而设置，并检测所对应的蓄电模块32的温度即模块温度Ta、Tb、Tc、……。
所述流体冷却装置35设置于所述蓄电装置31，使用冷却流体来冷却蓄电装置31。流体冷却装置35例如是使用冷却水35f来冷却蓄电装置31的水冷式冷却装置。流体冷却装置35具有区块35b，区块35b形成冷却水35f流动的流路。
蓄电装置温度检测器37检测与蓄电装置31相关的温度。蓄电装置温度检测器37直接或间接地检测蓄电装置31的温度。本实施方式所涉及的蓄电装置温度检测器37所检测的温度Tz是蓄电装置31冷却过程中或冷却后的冷却水35f的温度。更详细而言，蓄电装置温度检测器37所检测的温度Tz是区块35b中的冷却水35f的温度、或从区块35b排出的冷却水35f的温度。
所述蓄电装置侧控制器40算出蓄电装置31的充电率(SOC：State Of Charge)。
所述车身侧控制器50控制发电电动机13、回转电动机21及蓄电装置31等的动作。车身侧控制器50包括电气系统负载算出部51、机械系统负载算出部53、发动机功率设定部55、功率分配控制部57及蓄电装置功率设定部60。所述电气系统负载算出部51算出发电电动机13及回转电动机21等的电气系统负载。机械系统负载算出部53算出液压泵15等的机械系统负载。发动机功率设定部55设定发动机11的输出。蓄电装置功率设定部60设定蓄电装置31的充放电电力。功率分配控制部57基于由电气系统负载算出部51及机械系统负载算出部53算出的负载、由发动机功率设定部55设定的输出及由蓄电装置功率设定部60设定的充放电电力，决定发动机11的输出与蓄电装置31的充放电电力的分配。功率分配控制部57将对应于该分配而发电电动机13应输出的转矩的指令、即转矩指令输出到发电转换器17。
所述蓄电装置功率设定部60设定蓄电装置31的充电电力和放电电力，充电电力是应对蓄电装置31进行充电的电力，放电电力是应由蓄电装置31释放的电力。蓄电装置功率设定部60包括温度状态判定部61、使用模块温度设定部63及充放电电力上限值设定部65。
所述温度状态判定部61判定蓄电装置31的温度状态。温度状态判定部61存储针对多个状态而预先决定的条件，即分别与“低温状态”、“常温状态”及“高温状态”相符的条件。温度状态判定部61判定蓄电装置31的温度状态与“低温状态”、“常温状态”及“高温状态”中的哪一个状态相符。即，温度状态判定部61分别判定蓄电装置31的温度状态是否与“低温状态”相符、是否与“常温状态”相符、以及是否与“高温状态”相符。
温度状态判定部61基于蓄电装置温度检测器37检测出的温度Tz判定蓄电装置31的温度状态。温度状态判定部61存储用于判定蓄电装置31的温度状态的第一状态判定阈值T1及第二状态判定阈值T2。第二状态判定阈值T2大于第一状态判定阈值T1。温度状态判定部61基于蓄电装置温度检测器37检测出的冷却水35f的温度Tz与状态判定阈值T1、T2的对比，判定蓄电装置31的温度状态。具体而言，如下所述。
1)在所述检测出的温度Tz小于所述第一状态判定阈值T1的情况下，即在图2所示的流程图中的步骤S1为“是”的情况下，温度状态判定部61判定蓄电装置31的温度状态为“低温状态”。
2)在所述检测出的温度Tz为所述第一状态判定阈值T1以上且小于所述第二状态判定阈值T2的情况下，即在图2所示的流程图中的步骤S1为“否”且步骤S2为“是”的情况下，温度状态判定部61判定蓄电装置31的温度状态为“常温状态”。
3)在所述检测出的温度Tz为所述第二状态判定阈值T2以上的情况下，即在图2所示的流程图中的步骤S1为“否”且步骤S2为“否”的情况下，温度状态判定部61判定蓄电装置31的温度状态为“高温状态”。
如后详述，使用模块温度设定部63选择模块温度Ta、Tb、Tc、……中应由充放电电力上限值设定部65使用的模块温度，并将其设定为使用模块温度。
充放电电力上限值设定部65设定(算出、决定)蓄电装置31的充放电电力的上限值。具体而言，充放电电力上限值设定部65设定充电电力的上限值(充电上限功率)和放电电力的上限值(放电上限功率)。充放电电力上限值设定部65存储预先给予的充电电力上限值算出映射(map)及放电电力上限值算出映射。充电电力上限值算出映射规定蓄电装置31的充电率SOC、蓄电装置31的温度及充电电力的上限值之间的关系。放电电力上限值算出映射规定蓄电装置31的充电率SOC、蓄电装置31的温度(后述)及放电电力的上限值之间的关系。
下面，说明所述蓄电装置功率设定部60的动作。
在温度状态判定部61以如上所述的方式将蓄电装置31的温度状态判定为“低温状态”的情况下，蓄电装置功率设定部60进行以下的[动作A-1]及[动作A-2]。
[动作A-1]使用模块温度设定部63选择由模块温度检测器33检测出的多个模块温度Ta、Tb、Tc、……中的最偏向所述低温状态侧的温度、即作为最低温度的最低模块温度Tmin作为使用模块温度。
[动作A-2]如图3(A)所示，充放电电力上限值设定部65基于最低模块温度Tmin及充电率SOC，设定图1所示的蓄电装置31的充放电电力上限值(图2的步骤S3)。若蓄电装置31的充电率SOC为固定值，则蓄电装置31的温度状态为“低温状态”时的充电电力上限值会被设定为小于“常温状态”时的充电电力上限值的值。这一点对于放电电力上限值而言也一样。此种充电电力上限值及放电电力上限值的设定能够抑制蓄电装置31在过电压下充放电。
在所述温度状态判定部61将蓄电装置31的温度状态判定为“常温状态”的情况下，所述蓄电装置功率设定部60进行以下的[动作B-1]及[动作B-2]。
[动作B-1]使用模块温度设定部63算出由模块温度检测器33检测出的多个模块温度Ta、Tb、Tc、……的平均温度即平均模块温度Tave作为使用模块温度。
[动作B-2]如图3(B)所示，充放电电力上限值设定部65基于所述平均模块温度Tave及充电率SOC，设定图1所示的蓄电装置31的充放电电力上限值(图2的步骤S4)。
在所述温度状态判定部61将蓄电装置31的温度状态判定为“高温状态”的情况下，所述蓄电装置功率设定部60进行以下的[动作C-1]及[动作C-2]。
[动作C-1]使用模块温度设定部63选择由模块温度检测器33检测出的多个模块温度Ta、Tb、Tc、……中的最偏向所述高温状态侧的温度、即作为最高温度的最高模块温度Tmax作为使用模块温度。
[动作C-2]如图3(C)所示，充放电电力上限值设定部65基于最高模块温度Tmax及充电率SOC，设定图1所示的蓄电装置31的充放电电力上限值(图2的步骤S5)。若蓄电装置31的充电率SOC为固定值，则蓄电装置31的温度状态为“高温状态”时的充电电力上限值会被设定为小于“常温状态”时的充电电力上限值的值。这一点对于放电电力上限值而言也一样。此种充电电力上限值及放电电力上限值的设定能够抑制蓄电装置31在过热状态下充放电。
以上所述的电力控制装置1能够获得以下的效果。
(1)抑制蓄电装置31的过电压(过电压抑制效果)
所述电力控制装置1包括：发电电动机13及回转电动机21中的至少一个电动机；与该电动机之间授受电力且包括多个蓄电模块32的蓄电装置31；检测与蓄电装置31相关的温度Tz的蓄电装置温度检测器37；温度状态判定部61；检测各蓄电模块32的温度的模块温度检测器33；选择由模块温度检测器33检测出的多个模块温度Ta、Tb、Tc、……中的最低温度即最低模块温度Tmin的使用模块温度设定部63；以及充放电电力上限值设定部65。
此处，温度状态判定部61基于由蓄电装置温度检测器37检测出的温度Tz，判定蓄电装置31的温度状态是否与预先定义的“低温状态”相符。在温度状态判定部61判定为蓄电装置31与“低温状态”相符的情况下，充放电电力上限值设定部65基于使用模块温度设定部63所选择的最低模块温度Tmin，设定蓄电装置31的充放电电力上限值。此处，蓄电模块32的温度越低，则充放电时的蓄电模块32的内阻越大，越容易产生过电压的问题，因此，充放电电力上限值设定部65基于最容易产生该过电压问题的蓄电模块32的温度来设定充放电电力上限值，由此，能够抑制蓄电装置31充放电时的过电压。另外，若将该“低温状态”的条件(温度Tz的范围)设定为容易产生上述过电压问题的条件，则能够抑制过电压下的蓄电装置31的充放电。
(2)抑制蓄电装置31的过热(过热抑制效果)
温度状态判定部61基于由蓄电装置温度检测器37检测出的温度Tz，判定蓄电装置31的温度状态是否与预先定义的“高温状态”相符。使用模块温度设定部63选择由模块温度检测器33检测出的多个模块温度Ta、Tb、Tc、……中的最高温度即最高模块温度Tmax。在温度状态判定部61判定为蓄电装置31与“高温状态”相符的情况下，充放电电力上限值设定部65基于使用模块温度设定部63所选择的最高模块温度Tmax，设定蓄电装置31的充放电电力上限值。此处，蓄电模块32的温度越高，则越容易产生充放电时的蓄电模块32的过热问题，因此，充放电电力上限值设定部65基于最容易产生该过热问题的蓄电模块32的温度设定充放电电力上限值，由此，能够抑制蓄电装置31充放电时的过热。另外，若将该“高温状态”的条件(温度Tz的范围)设定为容易产生上述过热问题的条件，则能够有效地抑制过热状态下的蓄电装置31的充放电。
(3)有效利用蓄电装置31的能力
温度状态判定部61基于由蓄电装置温度检测器37检测出的温度Tz，判定蓄电装置31的温度状态是否与预先定义的“常温状态”相符。使用模块温度设定部63算出由模块温度检测器33检测出的多个模块温度Ta、Tb、Tc、……的平均温度即平均模块温度Tave。在温度状态判定部61判定为蓄电装置31与“常温状态”相符的情况下，充放电电力上限值设定部65基于由使用模块温度设定部63算出的平均模块温度Tave，设定蓄电装置31的充放电电力上限值。
若始终基于最低模块温度Tmin或最高模块温度Tmax设定充放电电力上限值，则有可能尽管处于不易使蓄电装置31产生过电压或过热的问题的状态，却无必要地限制充放电电力上限值。然而，若在温度状态判定部61判定为蓄电装置31与“常温状态”相符的情况下，基于平均模块温度Tave设定充放电电力上限值，则能够抑制以下的问题而有效利用蓄电装置31的能力，该问题是指尽管不易产生上述问题，却过分地限制蓄电装置31的能力。另外，若将该“常温状态”的条件(温度Tz的范围)设定为不易产生上述过电压或过热的问题的条件，则能够更适当地有效利用蓄电装置31。
(4)准确地判定蓄电装置31的温度状态
电力控制装置1包括使用冷却流体(例如冷却水35f)来冷却蓄电装置31的流体冷却装置35。蓄电装置温度检测器37所检测的温度Tz是蓄电装置31的冷却过程中或冷却后的冷却水35f的温度Tz。对温度状态判定部61预先给予用于判定蓄电装置31的温度状态的第一状态判定阈值T1及第二状态判定阈值T2。温度状态判定部61通过对比由蓄电装置温度检测器37检测出的冷却水35f的温度Tz与状态判定阈值T1、T2，能够准确地判定蓄电装置31的温度状态。
所述流体冷却装置35不限于水冷式冷却装置。流体冷却装置35还可以是空冷式冷却装置，即如图1中的点划线所示，利用在蓄电装置31内部流动的冷却空气135f来冷却蓄电装置31。在此情况下，蓄电装置温度检测器37所检测的温度Tz例如也可以是蓄电装置31的内部环境温度，即蓄电装置31的冷却过程中的冷却空气135f的温度、或向蓄电装置31外排出(蓄电装置31冷却后)的冷却空气135f的温度。基于该冷却空气135f的温度Tz，也能够准确地判定蓄电装置31的温度状态。
或者，蓄电装置温度检测器37所检测的温度Tz还可以是由模块温度检测器33检测出的多个模块温度Ta、Tb、Tc、……的平均温度即平均模块温度Tave。在此情况下，温度状态判定部61通过对比由蓄电装置温度检测器37检测出的平均模块温度Tave(＝温度Tz)与第一状态判定阈值T1及第二状态判定阈值T2，能够判定蓄电装置31的温度状态。
若采用所述平均模块温度Tave，则能够将各所述模块温度检测器33兼用作蓄电装置温度检测器37，由此，与独立设置这些的情况相比，能够削减成本。
本发明并不限定于以上说明的实施方式。例如在上述实施方式中，对温度状态判定部61预先给予“低温状态”、“常温状态”及“高温状态”这三个阶段的温度状态，但例如也能以两个阶段或四个阶段以上的阶段设定该温度状态。具体而言，可以对温度状态判定部61仅给予“低温状态”及“常温状态”，或者也可以仅给予“高温状态”及“常温状态”。或者，还可以对温度状态判定部61给予“低温状态”与“常温状态”之间的温度状态、或“常温状态”与“高温状态”之间的温度状态。例如，在“低温状态”与“常温状态”之间的温度状态下，充放电电力上限值设定部65也可以基于最低模块温度Tmin与平均模块温度Tave之间的温度来设定充放电电力上限值。另外，在“常温状态”与“高温状态”之间的温度状态下，充放电电力上限值设定部65还可以基于平均模块温度Tave与最高模块温度Tmax之间的温度来设定充放电电力上限值。
如上所述，根据本发明，提供能够抑制异常状态下的蓄电装置的充放电的工程机械的电力控制装置。该装置包括：电动机；蓄电装置，与所述电动机之间授受电力且具备多个蓄电模块；蓄电装置温度检测器，检测与所述蓄电装置相关的温度；温度状态判定部，基于由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的温度，判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态是否与预先设定的非稳态温度状态相符；模块温度检测部，检测所述多个蓄电模块各自的温度、即模块温度；使用模块温度设定部，从所述模块温度检测部检测出的各所述模块温度中选择最偏向所述非稳态温度状态侧的模块温度来作为使用模块温度；以及充放电电力上限值设定部，在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态与所述非稳态温度状态相符的情况下，基于所述使用模块温度设定部所选择的所述使用模块温度，设定所述蓄电装置的充放电电力的上限值。
根据该装置，在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态为非稳态温度状态的情况下，所述使用模块温度设定部选择所述多个模块温度中的最偏向所述非稳态温度状态侧的模块温度作为使用模块温度，基于所选择的使用模块温度来设定蓄电装置的充放电电力的上限值。该上限值的设定能够抑制异常状态下的蓄电装置的充放电。
例如，在采用以下结构时，能够有效地抑制在所述低温状态下容易产生的过电压下的蓄电装置的充放电，即：所述温度状态判定部判定的所述非稳态温度状态中包含低温状态，该低温状态是由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的温度低于预先设定的温度的状态，在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态为所述低温状态时，所述使用模块温度设定部选择由所述模块温度检测部检测出的多个所述模块温度中的最低温度、即最低模块温度作为所述使用模块温度。
另外，在采用以下结构时，能够有效地抑制过热状态下的蓄电装置的充放电，即：所述温度状态判定部判定的所述非稳态温度状态中包含高温状态，该高温状态是由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的温度高于预先设定的温度的状态，在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态为所述高温状态时，所述使用模块温度设定部选择由所述模块温度检测部检测出的多个所述模块温度中的最高温度、即最高模块温度作为所述使用模块温度。
此外，较为理想的是，所述温度状态判定部基于由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的温度判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态是否与预先设定的常温状态相符，在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态为所述常温状态时，所述使用模块温度设定部算出由所述模块温度检测部检测出的多个所述模块温度的平均温度、即平均模块温度，并选择所述平均模块温度作为使用模块温度，在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态与所述常温状态相符的情况下，所述充放电电力上限值设定部基于由所述使用模块温度设定部算出的所述平均模块温度，设定所述蓄电装置的充放电电力的上限值。该上限值的设定特别是在无需抑制充放电的常温状态下，能够有效地利用蓄电装置的能力。
所述蓄电装置温度检测器例如也可以检测由所述模块温度检测部检测出的多个所述模块温度的平均温度、即平均模块温度。此时，优选所述温度状态判定部存储用于判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态的状态判定阈值，通过对比由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的所述平均模块温度与所述状态判定阈值，判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态。
在本发明所涉及的电力控制装置还包括使用冷却流体来冷却所述蓄电装置的流体冷却装置的情况下，所述蓄电装置温度检测器也可以检测所述蓄电装置冷却过程中或所述蓄电装置冷却后的所述冷却流体的温度。此时，优选所述温度状态判定部存储用于判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态的状态判定阈值，通过对比由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的所述冷却流体的温度与所述状态判定阈值，判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态。
例如，在所述流体冷却装置是使用在所述蓄电装置内部流动的冷却空气来冷却所述蓄电装置的冷却装置的情况下，所述蓄电装置温度检测器也可以检测所述蓄电装置的内部环境温度或向所述蓄电装置外排出的所述冷却空气的温度。在所述流体冷却装置是使用冷却水来冷却所述蓄电装置的冷却装置的情况下，所述蓄电装置温度检测器也可以检测所述蓄电装置冷却过程中或冷却后的所述冷却水的温度。

Claims (8)

1.一种电力控制装置，设置在工程机械中，其特征在于包括：
电动机；
蓄电装置，与所述电动机之间授受电力且具备多个蓄电模块；
蓄电装置温度检测器，检测具备所述多个蓄电模块的所述蓄电装置的温度；
温度状态判定部，基于由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的温度，判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态基于预先设定的状态判定阈值而与常温状态相符还是与比所述常温状态的温度低或是高的状态的非稳态温度状态相符；
模块温度检测部，检测所述蓄电装置所具备的所述多个蓄电模块各自的温度、即模块温度；
使用模块温度设定部，当基于所述温度状态判定部的判断，所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态与所述非稳态温度状态相符时，从所述模块温度检测部检测出的所述多个蓄电模块的模块温度中选择最偏向所述非稳态温度状态侧的模块温度来作为使用模块温度；以及
充放电电力上限值设定部，在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态与所述非稳态温度状态相符的情况下，基于所述使用模块温度设定部所选择的所述使用模块温度，设定所述蓄电装置的充放电电力的上限值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电力控制装置，其特征在于：
所述温度状态判定部判定的所述非稳态温度状态中包含低温状态，该低温状态是由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的温度低于预先设定的温度的状态，
在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态为所述低温状态时，所述使用模块温度设定部选择由所述模块温度检测部检测出的多个所述模块温度中的最低温度、即最低模块温度作为所述使用模块温度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电力控制装置，其特征在于：
所述温度状态判定部判定的所述非稳态温度状态中包含高温状态，该高温状态是由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的温度高于预先设定的温度的状态，
在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态为所述高温状态时，所述使用模块温度设定部选择由所述模块温度检测部检测出的多个所述模块温度中的最高温度、即最高模块温度作为所述使用模块温度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电力控制装置，其特征在于：
所述温度状态判定部基于由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的温度判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态是否与所述常温状态相符，
在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态为所述常温状态时，所述使用模块温度设定部算出由所述模块温度检测部检测出的多个所述模块温度的平均温度、即平均模块温度，并选择所述平均模块温度作为使用模块温度，
在所述温度状态判定部判定为所述蓄电装置的温度状态与所述常温状态相符的情况下，所述充放电电力上限值设定部基于由所述使用模块温度设定部算出的所述平均模块温度，设定所述蓄电装置的充放电电力的上限值。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电力控制装置，其特征在于：
所述蓄电装置温度检测器所检测的温度是由所述模块温度检测部检测出的多个所述模块温度的平均温度、即平均模块温度，
所述温度状态判定部存储用于判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态的状态判定阈值，通过对比由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的所述平均模块温度与所述状态判定阈值，判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电力控制装置，其特征在于还包括：
流体冷却装置，使用冷却流体来冷却所述蓄电装置，
所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测所述蓄电装置冷却过程中或所述蓄电装置冷却后的所述冷却流体的温度，
所述温度状态判定部存储用于判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态的状态判定阈值，通过对比由所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测出的所述冷却流体的温度与所述状态判定阈值，判定所述蓄电装置的温度状态。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电力控制装置，其特征在于：
所述流体冷却装置是使用在所述蓄电装置内部流动的冷却空气来冷却所述蓄电装置的冷却装置，
所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测所述蓄电装置的内部环境温度或向所述蓄电装置外排出的所述冷却空气的温度。
8.根据权利要求6所述的电力控制装置，其特征在于：
所述流体冷却装置是使用冷却水来冷却所述蓄电装置的冷却装置，
所述蓄电装置温度检测器检测所述蓄电装置冷却过程中或冷却后的所述冷却水的温度。
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