CN104338744B - The method of in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals - Google Patents
The method of in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method of in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals, stabilizing agent is applied on heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired surface, carry out at least 3 alternation of wetting and drying rotary tillages and mix, with the soil of repairing heavy metal pollution. This method is suitable for applying in the improvement of heavy metals in farmland soil stabilization reparation. That stabilizing agent applies is simple for process, cost is low, heavy metal-polluted soil stabilization time is short, heavy metal-polluted soil stablizing effect is remarkable, soil through the reparation of this technique can directly use, and the vegetable crop content of beary metal that stable rear soil is planted meets national standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to land engineering field, specifically, relate to a kind of method of in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals.
Background technology
Soil refer to top have fertility, can growing plant loose surface layer. Soil is not only for plant growth is carriedFor mechanical support ability, and can provide the fertility key elements such as needed water, fertilizer, gas, heat for growth and development of plants, its formation is oneIndividual extremely very long natural, ecological process, therefore the protection of soil resource is extremely important. Due to population sharp increase, industry is swift and violentDevelopment, solid waste is constantly stacked and topples over to soil surface, and harmful waste water constantly permeates in soil, causes soil pollution.Not only hinder soil normal function, reduced crop yield and quality, also by grain, vegetables, the remote-effects human bodies such as fruitHealthy.
Heavy metal pollution is pollution type main in current soil, when heavy metal in soil harmful substance contents too much,Exceed the self-purification capacity of soil, will cause that composition of the soil, 26S Proteasome Structure and Function change, microbial activities is suppressed,Harmful substance or its catabolite be accumulation gradually in soil, by " soil → plant → human body ", or by " soil → water →Human body " be indirectly absorbed by the body, reach the degree being detrimental to health, be soil pollution.
" national Soil Pollution Investigation communique " data show, in China's topsoil, inorganic content increase is more aobviousWork. According to investigation, inorganic matter is mainly taking heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel as main. According to findings of the survey, polluteWhat type was maximum is inorganic matter, particularly heavy metal pollution. Result according to investigations, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, these 8 kinds of weights of nickelMetal is the super punctuation bit of master's inorganic matter, has accounted for 82.8% of whole super punctuation bits, and wherein cadmium pollution is up to 7%. In soilThe content of cadmium exceedes 50% in Southwestern China area and coastal area amplification, in North China, northeast and west area increase 10-40%. Whole nation soil total some position exceeding standard rate is 16.1%, wherein slight, slight, moderate and serious pollution point position ratio differenceBe 11.2%, 2.3%, 1.5% and 1.1%. What exceeding standard rate was the highest is ploughs, and has reached 19.4%, all the other forest lands, meadow and notUtilize the exceeding standard rate on ground to be respectively 10%, 10.4% and 11.4%.
Generally, the situation is tense for the environmental pollution of China's present stage agricultural land soil. In some developed areas, plough in farmlandHeavy metal in soil pollution problem is quite serious, and periphery ecological safety and health are constituted a threat to. In high-intensity resourceIn using energy source and pollutant emission process, the scope of China's Farmland Soil Pollution constantly expands, the kind of soil pollutantIncrease gradually, occurred excessive risk contaminated soil district compound, mixed type, present from outskirts of a town and extend to rural area, local toThe trend that region is spread, jeopardizes grain-production and quality safety, ecological environment security and health, in the urgent need to administering and repairingMultiple.
The research of heavy metal polluted soil of farmland recovery technique was started in for 20 century 70 later stages, abroad at agricultural land soilReparation aspect has accumulated abundant recovery technique and engineering application experience, makes agricultural land soil recovery technique obtain sending out fastExhibition. The farmland pollution soil remediation technical research of China is started late, and is just paid attention to nearly ten years its R & D Level and applicationAll there is sizable gap with developed country in experience.
At present, heavy metal polluted soil of farmland recovery technique mainly comprises phytoremediation technology, microorganism recovery technique, oxygenChange reduction technique, drip washing technology, Electroremediation technology, solidification and stabilization technology etc. In above-mentioned technology, solidification and stabilization technologyBe a heavy metal recovery technique simple, quick, effective, cost is low, its principle is to add chemical reagent by outside to incite somebody to actionPollutant is stable in pollution medium, makes it in state steady in a long-term, is be widely used in heavy metal pollution of soil quickControl restorative procedure, there is obvious advantage for process various heavy combined contamination soil simultaneously. The core of this recovery techniqueThe heart is suitable stabilizing agent and stabilizing agent stable mode, and relevant stabilizing agent is put in contaminated soil and mixed and stable relevant skillArt is more, but have in general cost high, be not easy to operation, the shortcoming such as effect is unstable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency for existing heavy metal polluted soil of farmland based technique for in-situ remediation, especially stableThe deficiency that the aspect such as agent addition method and stabilisation pattern exists, provides a kind of method of in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals.
In order to realize the object of the invention, the method for a kind of in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals of the present invention, it is by surelyDetermine agent and apply on heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired surface, carry out at least 3 alternation of wetting and drying rotary tillages and mix, with remediating heavy metal dirtThe soil dying.
The stabilizing agent using in the present invention is for calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate and magnesia are by the weight ratio processing of 5:4:1The pulverulent solids mixture becoming.
When the heavy metal Cd content in soil to be repaired is 3～15mg/kg, Pb content while being 300～900mg/kg, stableAgent consumption is 2.5～3% of soil weight.
Aforesaid method, is preferably used horizontal rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage mixing. The rotary tillage degree of depth and agricultural land soil dirt to be repairedDying degree, Stability Design agent consumption etc. has closely relatedly, and generally speaking the depth design of rotary tillage is at 25-30cm.
Aforesaid method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) stabilizing agent is applied on heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired surface, use horizontal rotary tiller to using stabilizing agentSoil carries out rotary tillage mixing once comprehensively, makes stabilizing agent fully mix and contact with heavy-metal contaminated soil;
2) rotary tillage is for the first time watered after mixing in time, makes upper and lower layer soil moisture content reach 35% ± 5% left and right;
3) treat that soil moisture content is down to 15% left and right, soil is carried out to rotary tillage for the second time and mix, water in time, make upper and lowerLayer soil moisture content reaches 30% ± 5% left and right;
4) treat that soil moisture content is reduced to 10% ± 5% left and right, soil carried out to rotary tillage for the third time and mix, water in time,Make upper and lower layer soil moisture content again reach 35% ± 5% left and right, after land retirement 10-20 days (preferably 15 days), can carry outThe normal plantation of agricultural.
Wherein, step 1) manually apply stabilizing agent in heavy metal pollution agricultural land soil to be repaired surface, stabilizing agent dosage is pressedUse according to repairing design, stabilizing agent applies to be wanted evenly, and field is not stayed dead angle. Manually apply stabilizing agent and will avoid rainy day, strong wind skyGas, in order to avoid stabilizing agent has unnecessary loss and inefficacy.
Step 2) rotary tillage for the first time waters (watering for the first time) with sprinkling irrigation in time after mixing, and makes upper and lower layer of soil moisture contentReach 35% ± 5%, reach the required adequate moisture condition of stabilizing agent and heavy metal generation chemical reaction.
Method provided by the invention is suitable for applying in the improvement of heavy metals in farmland soil stabilization reparation. Stabilizing agent is executedSpread simple for process, cost is low, heavy metal-polluted soil stabilization time is short, heavy metal-polluted soil stablizing effect is remarkable, through this techniqueThe soil of repairing can directly use, and the vegetable crop content of beary metal that stable rear soil is planted meets national standard.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 situ restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal stabilizing agent addition method Technology Roadmap.
Fig. 2 is that in the embodiment of the present invention 1, polluted agricultural land stabilizing agent to be repaired applies rotary tillage mixed effect; Wherein, A is for stableAgent applies rear effect, and B is that rotary tillage mixes 1 effect, and C is that rotary tillage mixes 2 effects, and D is that rotary tillage mixes 3 effects.
Detailed description of the invention
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention. If do not specialize, embodimentIn the conventional means that is well known to those skilled in the art of technological means used, the raw materials used commercial goods that is.
The stabilizing agent using in following examples adds by the weight ratio of 5:4:1 for calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate and magnesiaThe pulverulent solids mixture that work forms.
The method of embodiment 1 in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals
In December, 2013, in Xia Si village, Xin Po town, Longhua District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, soil, plumbous zinc ore heavy metal pollution farmland entersRow test, the soil pollution situation in farmland that this test is repaired is in table 1. Control soil environmental quality standards GB15618-1995,This test is second grade soil for examination soil a-quadrant; B district, three grades of C positions soil.
Table 1 is tested soil types for having a try
| Experimental plot numbering | Test soil pollution type and degree | Cd | Pb | PH value |
| A district | Nature agricultural land soil (pollution-free) | 0.45 | 38.76 | 5.8 |
| B district | Low concentration (Cd, Pb polluted agricultural land) | 2.59 | 206.42 | 6.1 |
| C district | High concentration (Cd, Pb polluted agricultural land) | 19.61 | 804.69 | 6.0 |
The method providing in the present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1, use horizontal rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage mixing once to the soil of using stabilizing agent comprehensively, make stabilizing agent and a huge sum of moneyBelong to contaminated soil and fully mix contact; Rotary tillage severity control is at 25-30cm.
2, rotary tillage is for the first time watered after mixing in time, makes upper and lower layer soil moisture content reach 35% left and right.
3, treat that soil moisture content is down to 15% left and right, soil is carried out to rotary tillage for the second time and mix, water in time, make upper and lowerLayer soil moisture content reaches 30% left and right; Rotary tillage severity control is at 25-30cm.
4, treat that soil moisture content is reduced to 10% left and right, soil is carried out to the mixing of rotary tillage for the third time, and (rotary tillage severity control exists25-30cm), water in time, make upper and lower layer soil moisture content again reach 35% left and right, land retirement can be carried out after 15 daysThe normal plantation of agricultural.
The method of the in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals that the present embodiment provides, technology path as shown in Figure 1.
As can be seen from Figure 2, must after 3 rotary tillages mix, just can make to test stabilizing agent and soil to be repaired reaches and fillsDivide mix uniformly effect; By the pH value of soil 0～15cm, 15～30cm soil after different number of times rotary tillages being sampled pointAnalyse, obtain, when 0～15cm, 15～30cm soil pH value data consistent after rotary tillage rotary tillage 3 times, absolutely proving to have reached to mixEffect.
The method of embodiment 2 in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals
This test is used heavy metal low concentration soil B district, and using stabilizing agent dosage is 1.5%, and it is that nature is without dirt that A is setDye agricultural land soil processing, B0 is that low concentration pollution soil (not adding stabilizing agent) is processed, and B1 low concentration pollution soil (applies stableAgent 1.5%, rotary tillage 2 times) process, B2 low concentration pollution soil (applying stabilizing agent 1.5%, rotary tillage 3 times) processes to wait and arranges altogether 4Individual community, specifically in table 2. Arrange test simultaneously, plant water spinach simultaneously, gather water spinach sample simultaneously and carry out vegetable sampleGather, same batch is carried out fresh vegetables sample (water spinach edible part) heavy metal and detects analysis.
Table 2 low concentration Pb, Cd combined contamination soil rotary tillage number of times affect stablizing effect
| Experimental plot numbering | For examination soil | Stabilizing agent | Rotary tillage mixing number of times | Vegetables Cd content | Vegetables Pb content 3 --> |
| A | Nature agricultural land soil | Contrast, does not add | Rotary tillage once | 0.1228 | 0.2438 |
| B0 | Low concentration pollution soil | Little contrast, does not add | Rotary tillage once | 0.3353 | 1.0273 |
| B1 | Low concentration pollution soil | Execute stabilizing agent 1.5% | Twice of rotary tillage | 0.1531 | 0.8304 |
| B2 | Low concentration pollution soil | Execute stabilizing agent 1.5% | Rotary tillage three times | 0.1205 | 0.2935 |
As can be seen from Table 2, under different disposal edaphic condition, water spinach content of beary metal differs greatly; Process vegetables with AFor large control zone, B0, B1, B2 process vegetables Cd content and process and improved 1.73 times, 0.25 times, 0 times than A respectively; B0, B1,B2 processes vegetables Pb content and processes and improved 3.21 times, 2.41 times, 0.2 times than A respectively, illustrated heavy metals in farmland pollute after meetingIncrease institute's planting vegetable content of beary metal; Apply stabilizing agent heavy metal-polluted soil is had to significant stablizing effect, the B0 that compares,B1, tri-groups of processing of B2, the heavy metal absolute content that B1, B2 process in processing than B0 reduces, and illustrates that this stabilizing agent is to soilIn earth, heavy metal stabilization has effect; Compare B1, B2 processes, and in stabilizing agent application, mixes rotary tillage number of times to stabilizing agentThe performance of effect has larger impact, and can accelerate stabilizing agent and contact the stabilization reactions speed that occurs with heavy metal-polluted soil, withUpper data show that to reach 3 stablizing effects better applying after stabilizing agent rotary tillage number of times, and in vegetable sample, content of beary metal canReach the standard of " pollutants in food limitation " GB2762-2012.
As shown in Table 2, taking B0 as control treatment, B1, B2 process Cd content in vegetables and have reduced respectively 54%, 64%, vegetablesIn dish, Pb content has reduced respectively 19%, 71%, and this explanation stabilizing agent plays stabilization effect to soil, but different construction workCondition is remarkable to soil stabilization influential effect, applies rotary tillage is processed for 3 times after stabilizing agent stabilization effect and is better than rotary tillage and locates for 2 timesReason.
The effect of embodiment 3 in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals
This test is used heavy metal low concentration soil C district, and using stabilizing agent dosage is 2.5%, and it is that nature is without dirt that A is setDying agricultural land soil processing, C0 is that high density pollution soil (not adding stabilizing agent) is processed, C1 low concentration pollution soil (applies stableAgent 2.5%, rotary tillage 2 times) process, C2 low concentration pollution soil (applying stabilizing agent 2.5%, rotary tillage 3 times) processes to wait to amount to and arranges4 communities, specifically in table 3. Arrange test simultaneously, plant water spinach simultaneously, gather water spinach sample simultaneously and carry out vegetables sampleProduct collection, detect and analyze with batch carrying out fresh vegetables sample (water spinach edible part) heavy metal.
Table 3 high Pb concentration, Cd combined contamination soil rotary tillage number of times affect stablizing effect
| Experimental plot numbering | For examination soil | Stabilizing agent | Rotary tillage mixing number of times | Vegetables Cd content | Vegetables Pb content |
| A | Nature agricultural land soil | Contrast, does not add | Rotary tillage once | 0.1228 | 0.2438 |
| C0 | Low concentration pollution soil | Little contrast, does not add | Rotary tillage once | 0.6734 | 1.9715 |
| C1 | Low concentration pollution soil | Execute stabilizing agent 1.5% | Twice of rotary tillage | 0.3629 | 0.9600 |
| C2 | Low concentration pollution soil | Execute stabilizing agent 1.5% | Rotary tillage three times | 0.2000 | 0.2999 |
As can be seen from Table 3, under different disposal edaphic condition, water spinach content of beary metal differs greatly; Process vegetables with AFor large control zone, C0, C1, C2 process vegetables Cd content and process and improved 4.48 times, 1.95 times, 0.63 times than A respectively; B0,B1, B2 process vegetables Pb content and process and improved 7.1 times, 2.93 times, 0.23 times than A respectively, and heavy metals in farmland pollution has been describedAfter can increase institute planting vegetable content of beary metal, associative list 2 data are also known along with heavy metal-polluted soil concentration increases, a vegetables huge sum of moneyBelong to the trend that content also presents increase; Apply stabilizing agent heavy metal-polluted soil is had to significant stablizing effect, the C0 that compares, C1,Tri-groups of processing of C2, the heavy metal absolute content that C1, C2 process in processing than C0 reduces, and illustrates that this stabilizing agent is in soilHeavy metal stabilization has effect; Compare C1, C2 processes, and in stabilizing agent application, mixes rotary tillage number of times to stabilizing agent effectPerformance there is larger impact, can accelerate stabilizing agent and contact with heavy metal-polluted soil stabilization reactions speed, tables of data occurBright applying after stabilizing agent rotary tillage number of times, to reach 3 stablizing effects better, and in vegetable sample, content of beary metal can reach " foodMiddle pollutant limitation " standard of GB2762-2012.
As shown in Table 3, taking C0 as control treatment, C1, C2 process Cd content in vegetables and have reduced respectively 46%, 85%, vegetablesIn dish, Pb content has reduced respectively 51%, 79%, and this explanation stabilizing agent plays stabilization effect to soil, but different construction workCondition is remarkable to soil stabilization influential effect, applies rotary tillage is processed for 3 times after stabilizing agent stabilization effect and is better than rotary tillage and locates for 2 timesReason.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,On basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art. CauseThis, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a method for in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals, is characterized in that, stabilizing agent is applied at heavy metal to be repairedContaminated soil surface, carries out at least 3 alternation of wetting and drying rotary tillages and mixes, with the soil of repairing heavy metal pollution;
Wherein, described stabilizing agent be calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate and magnesia process by the weight ratio of 5:4:1 PowderedSolid mixture;
Said method comprising the steps of:
1) stabilizing agent is applied on heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired surface, use horizontal rotary tiller to using the soil of stabilizing agentCarry out rotary tillage mixing once comprehensively, make stabilizing agent fully mix and contact with heavy-metal contaminated soil;
2) rotary tillage is for the first time watered after mixing in time, makes upper and lower layer soil moisture content reach 35% ± 5%;
3) treat that soil moisture content is down to 15% ± 5%, soil is carried out to rotary tillage for the second time and mix, water in time, make upper and lower layer soilEarth moisture content reaches 30% ± 5%;
4) treat that soil moisture content is reduced to 10% ± 5%, soil is carried out to rotary tillage for the third time and mix, water in time, make upper and lower layerSoil moisture content reaches 35% ± 5% again, after land retirement 10-20 days.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, rotary tillage severity control is at 25-30cm.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when the heavy metal Cd content in soil to be repaired be 3～When 15mg/kg, Pb content are 300～900mg/kg, stabilizing agent dosage is soil weight 2.5～3%.
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| CN110000205A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-12 | 广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司 | The original place Ex-situ remediation method of pollution of river soil |
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