CN104338744A - Method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil in situ - Google Patents
Method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil in situ Download PDFInfo
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- CN104338744A CN104338744A CN201410532491.4A CN201410532491A CN104338744A CN 104338744 A CN104338744 A CN 104338744A CN 201410532491 A CN201410532491 A CN 201410532491A CN 104338744 A CN104338744 A CN 104338744A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil in situ. The method comprises the steps of applying and spreading a stabilizing agent on the surface of to-be-remediated soil, and carrying out rotary tillage and mixing in a dry-wet alternating mode for at least three times so as to remediate the heavy metal contaminated soil. The method is suitable for being applied to the governance of stabilized remediation of farmland heavy metal soil. The stabilizing agent applying and spreading technology is simple and feasible, low in cost, short in stabilizing time of soil heavy metal, and obvious in stabilizing effect of soil heavy metal; soil remediated by the technology can be directly used, and the heavy metal content of vegetable crops planted in the stabilized soil meets the national standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to land engineering field, specifically, relate to a kind of method of in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals.
Background technology
Soil refer to top have fertility, can the loose surface layer of growing plant.Soil not only provides mechanical support ability for plant growth, and can provide the required fertility key element such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat for growth and development of plants, and its formation is an extremely very long natural, ecological process, and therefore the protection of soil resource is extremely important.Due to population sharp increase, industrial fast development, solid waste is constantly stacked to soil surface and is toppled over, and harmful waste water constantly permeates in soil, causes soil pollution.Not only hamper soil normal function, reduce crop yield and quality, also by grain, vegetables, the remote-effects healths such as fruit.
Heavy metal pollution is pollution type main in current soil, when heavy metal in soil harmful substance contents is too much, exceed the self-purification capacity of soil, will cause composition of the soil, 26S Proteasome Structure and Function changes, microbial activities is suppressed, and harmful substance or its catabolite accumulate gradually in soil, by " soil → plant → human body ", or be indirectly absorbed by the body by " soil → water → human body ", reach the degree be detrimental to health, be soil pollution.
" national Soil Pollution Investigation publication " data show, in China's topsoil, inorganic content increase is more remarkable.According to investigation, inorganic matter is mainly based on heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel.According to findings of the survey, what pollution type was maximum is inorganic matter, particularly heavy metal pollution.Result according to investigations, this 8 heavy metal species of cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel is the super punctuation bit of main inorganic matter, and account for 82.8% of all super punctuation bits, wherein cadmium pollution is up to 7%.The content of Cadmium in Soil in Southwestern China area and coastal area amplification more than 50%, in North China, northeast and west area increase 10-40%.Soil total some position exceeding standard rate in the whole nation is 16.1%, and wherein slightly, slightly, moderate and serious pollution point position ratio be respectively 11.2%, 2.3%, 1.5% and 1.1%.What exceeding standard rate was the highest is ploughs, and reaches 19.4%, and the exceeding standard rate of all the other forest lands, meadow and unused land is respectively 10%, 10.4% and 11.4%.
Generally, the situation is tense for the environmental pollution of China's present stage agricultural land soil.In some developed areas, in the arable soil of farmland, heavy metal pollution problem is quite serious, constitutes a threat to periphery ecological safety and health.In the resource of high strength and using energy source and pollutant emission process, the scope of China's Farmland Soil Pollution constantly expands, the kind of soil pollutant increases gradually, there is excessive risk contaminated soil district that is compound, mixed type, present and extend to rural area from outskirts of a town, the trend that local is spread to region, jeopardizes grain-production and quality safety, ecological environment security and health, in the urgent need to administering and repairing.
The research of heavy metal polluted soil of farmland recovery technique was started in for 20 century 70 later stages, have accumulated abundant recovery technique and engineer applied experience abroad in agricultural land soil reparation, and agricultural land soil recovery technique is developed rapidly.The farmland pollution soil restoring technology research of China is started late, and just paid attention to nearly ten years, its R & D Level and application experience all exist sizable gap with developed country.
At present, heavy metal polluted soil of farmland recovery technique mainly comprises phytoremediation technology, microorganism remediation technology, oxide reduction techniques, elution technique, Electroremediation technology, solidification and stabilization technology etc.In above-mentioned technology, solidification and stabilization technology is the heavy metal recovery technique that simple, quick, effective, cost is low, its principle adds chemical reagent by outside to be stablized in pollution medium by pollutant, it is made to be in chronic steady state, be the quick control restorative procedure being widely used in heavy metal pollution of soil, for processing various heavy combined contamination soil simultaneously, there is obvious advantage.The core of this recovery technique is suitable stabilizing agent and stabilizing agent stable mode, and mixing to be put in contaminated soil by relevant stabilizing agent and stable correlation technique is more, but have in general cost high, be not easy to the shortcomings such as operation, effect be unstable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency for existing heavy metal polluted soil of farmland based technique for in-situ remediation, the deficiency of the especially aspect such as stabilizing agent addition method and stabilisation pattern existence, provides a kind of method of in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals.
In order to realize the object of the invention, the method for a kind of in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals of the present invention, it is applied by stabilizing agent on heavy-metal contaminated soil surface to be repaired, carries out at least 3 alternation of wetting and drying rotary tillages mixing, with the soil of repairing heavy metal pollution.
The pulverulent solids mixture that the stabilizing agent used in the present invention is calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate and magnesia process by the weight ratio of 5:4:1.
When the heavy metal Cd content in soil to be repaired be 3 ~ 15mg/kg, Pb content be 300 ~ 900mg/kg time, stabilizing agent dosage is 2.5 ~ 3% of soil weight.
Aforesaid method, preferably uses horizontal rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage mixing.The rotary tillage degree of depth and Farmland Soil Pollution degree to be repaired, Stability Design agent consumption etc. have closely related, and the depth design of generally speaking rotary tillage is at 25-30cm.
Aforesaid method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) stabilizing agent is applied on heavy-metal contaminated soil surface to be repaired, use horizontal rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage mixing once to the soil using stabilizing agent comprehensively, stabilizing agent and heavy-metal contaminated soil are fully mixed and contacts;
2) water in time after first time rotary tillage mixing, make upper and lower layer soil moisture content reach about 35% ± 5%;
3) treat that soil moisture content is down to about 15%, second time rotary tillage mixing is carried out to soil, waters in time, make upper and lower layer soil moisture content reach about 30% ± 5%;
4) treat that soil moisture content is reduced to about 10% ± 5%, third time rotary tillage mixing is carried out to soil, water in time, make upper and lower layer soil moisture content again reach about 35% ± 5%, the normal plantation of agricultural after land retirement 10-20 days (preferably 15 days), can be carried out.
Wherein, step 1) manually apply stabilizing agent in heavy metal pollution agricultural land soil surface to be repaired, stabilizing agent dosage uses according to repair capsule, and stabilizing agent applies to be wanted evenly, and field does not stay dead angle.Manually apply stabilizing agent and will avoid rainy day, strong wind weather, in order to avoid stabilizing agent has unnecessary loss and inefficacy.
Step 2) after first time rotary tillage mixing timely sprinkling irrigation water (first time water), make upper and lower layer soil moisture content reach 35% ± 5%, reach adequate moisture condition needed for stabilizing agent and heavy metal generation chemical reaction.
Method provided by the invention is suitable for applying in the improvement of heavy metals in farmland soil stabilization reparation.Stabilizing agent apply simple for process, cost is low, heavy metal-polluted soil stabilization time is short, heavy metal-polluted soil stablizing effect is remarkable, the soil through the reparation of this technique can directly use, and the vegetable crop content of beary metal that after stable, soil is planted meets national standard.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 situ restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal stabilizing agent addition method Technology Roadmap.
Fig. 2 is that in the embodiment of the present invention 1, polluted agricultural land stabilizing agent to be repaired applies rotary tillage mixed effect; Wherein, A is effect after stabilizing agent applies, and B is that rotary tillage mixes 1 effect, and C is that rotary tillage mixes 2 effects, and D is that rotary tillage mixes 3 effects.
Detailed description of the invention
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.If do not specialize, the conventional means that technological means used in embodiment is well known to those skilled in the art, is raw materials usedly commercial goods.
The pulverulent solids mixture that the stabilizing agent used in following examples is calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate and magnesia process by the weight ratio of 5:4:1.
The method of embodiment 1 in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals
In December, 2013, test in soil, Pb-Zn deposits heavy metal pollution farmland, Xia Si village, Xin Po town, Longhua District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, this test repair the soil pollution situation in farmland in table 1.Contrast standard of soil environment quality GB15618-1995, this test is second grade soil for examination soil a-quadrant; B district, three grades, C position soil.
Table 1 tests soil types for having a try
| Experimental plot is numbered | Test soil pollution type and degree | Cd | Pb | PH value |
| A district | Nature agricultural land soil (pollution-free) | 0.45 | 38.76 | 5.8 |
| B district | Low concentration (Cd, Pb polluted agricultural land) | 2.59 | 206.42 | 6.1 |
| C district | High concentration (Cd, Pb polluted agricultural land) | 19.61 | 804.69 | 6.0 |
The method provided in the present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1, use horizontal rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage mixing once to the soil using stabilizing agent comprehensively, stabilizing agent and heavy-metal contaminated soil are fully mixed and contacts; Rotary tillage severity control is at 25-30cm.
2, water in time after first time rotary tillage mixing, make upper and lower layer soil moisture content reach about 35%.
3, treat that soil moisture content is down to about 15%, second time rotary tillage mixing is carried out to soil, waters in time, make upper and lower layer soil moisture content reach about 30%; Rotary tillage severity control is at 25-30cm.
4, treat that soil moisture content is reduced to about 10%, third time rotary tillage mixing (rotary tillage severity control is at 25-30cm) is carried out to soil, water in time, make upper and lower layer soil moisture content again reach about 35%, land retirement can carry out the normal plantation of agricultural after 15 days.
The method of the in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals that the present embodiment provides, technology path as shown in Figure 1.
As can be seen from Figure 2, test stabilizing agent and soil to be repaired just can be made to reach full and uniform mixed effect after having to pass through 3 rotary tillages mixing; By carrying out sample analysis to the pH value of soil 0 ~ 15cm, 15 ~ 30cm soil after different number of times rotary tillage, obtain, when 0 ~ 15cm, 15 ~ 30cm soil pH value data consistent after rotary tillage rotary tillage 3 times, absolutely proving the effect reaching and mix.
The method of embodiment 2 in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals
This test heavy metal low concentration soil B district uses, stabilizing agent dosage is used to be 1.5%, arranging A is the pollution-free agricultural land soil process of nature, B0 is low concentration pollution soil (not adding stabilizing agent) process, B1 low concentration pollution soil (applies stabilizing agent 1.5%, rotary tillage 2 times) process, B2 low concentration pollution soil (apply stabilizing agent 1.5%, rotary tillage 3 times) process wait and arrange 4 communities altogether, specifically in table 2.Arrange test simultaneously, plant water spinach simultaneously, gather water spinach sample simultaneously and carry out vegetable sample collection, same batch is carried out fresh vegetables sample (water spinach edible portion) heavy metal analysis analysis.
Table 2 low concentration Pb, Cd combined contamination soil rotary tillage number of times affects stablizing effect
| Experimental plot is numbered | For examination soil | Stabilizing agent | Rotary tillage mixing number of times | Vegetables Cd content | Vegetables Pb content |
| A | Nature agricultural land soil | Contrast, does not add | Rotary tillage once | 0.1228 | 0.2438 |
| B0 | Low concentration pollution soil | Little contrast, does not add | Rotary tillage once | 0.3353 | 1.0273 |
| B1 | Low concentration pollution soil | Execute stabilizing agent 1.5% | Rotary tillage twice | 0.1531 | 0.8304 |
| B2 | Low concentration pollution soil | Execute stabilizing agent 1.5% | Rotary tillage three times | 0.1205 | 0.2935 |
As can be seen from Table 2, under different disposal edaphic condition, water spinach content of beary metal differs greatly; Be large control zone with A process vegetables, B0, B1, B2 process vegetables Cd content improves 1.73 times, 0.25 times, 0 times than A process respectively; B0, B1, B2 process vegetables Pb content improves 3.21 times, 2.41 times, 0.2 times than A process respectively, describes after heavy metals in farmland is polluted and can increase institute's planting vegetable content of beary metal; Apply stabilizing agent and have significant stablizing effect to heavy metal-polluted soil, B0, B1, B2 tri-groups of process of comparing, B1, B2 process reduces than the heavy metal absolute content in B0 process, illustrates that this stabilizing agent has effect to heavy metal in soil stabilisation; To compare B1, B2 process, mix the performance of rotary tillage number of times on stabilizing agent effect in stabilizing agent application and there is larger impact, stabilizing agent can be accelerated contact with heavy metal-polluted soil stabilization reactions speed occurs, above data to show after applying stabilizing agent rotary tillage number of times, and to reach 3 stablizing effects better, and in vegetable sample, content of beary metal can reach the standard of " pollutants in food limitation " GB2762-2012.
As shown in Table 2, take B0 as control treatment, in B1, B2 process vegetables, Cd content reduces 54%, 64% respectively, in vegetables, Pb content reduces 19%, 71% respectively, this illustrates that stabilizing agent plays stabilization effect to soil, but different construction operating mode is remarkable to soil stabilization influential effect, after applying stabilizing agent, the stabilization effect of rotary tillage 3 process is better than rotary tillage 2 process.
The effect of embodiment 3 in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals
This test heavy metal low concentration soil C district uses, stabilizing agent dosage is used to be 2.5%, arrange that A is the pollution-free agricultural land soil process of nature, C0 is high density pollution soil (not adding stabilizing agent) process, C1 low concentration pollution soil (applies stabilizing agent 2.5%, rotary tillage 2 times) process, C 2 low concentration pollution soil (apply stabilizing agent 2.5%, rotary tillage 3 times) process wait 4 communities are set altogether, specifically in table 3.Arrange test simultaneously, plant water spinach simultaneously, gather water spinach sample simultaneously and carry out vegetable sample collection, with batch carrying out fresh vegetables sample (water spinach edible portion) heavy metal analysis analysis.
Table 3 high Pb concentration, Cd combined contamination soil rotary tillage number of times affect stablizing effect
| Experimental plot is numbered | For examination soil | Stabilizing agent | Rotary tillage mixing number of times | Vegetables Cd content | Vegetables Pb content |
| A | Nature agricultural land soil | Contrast, does not add | Rotary tillage once | 0.1228 | 0.2438 |
| C0 | Low concentration pollution soil | Little contrast, does not add | Rotary tillage once | 0.6734 | 1.9715 |
| C1 | Low concentration pollution soil | Execute stabilizing agent 1.5% | Rotary tillage twice | 0.3629 | 0.9600 |
| C2 | Low concentration pollution soil | Execute stabilizing agent 1.5% | Rotary tillage three times | 0.2000 | 0.2999 |
As can be seen from Table 3, under different disposal edaphic condition, water spinach content of beary metal differs greatly; Be large control zone with A process vegetables, C0, C1, C2 process vegetables Cd content improves 4.48 times, 1.95 times, 0.63 times than A process respectively; B0, B1, B2 process vegetables Pb content improves 7.1 times, 2.93 times, 0.23 times than A process respectively, describe after heavy metals in farmland is polluted and can increase institute's planting vegetable content of beary metal, associative list 2 data are also known along with the increase of heavy metal-polluted soil concentration, and vegetables content of beary metal also presents the trend of increase; Apply stabilizing agent and have significant stablizing effect to heavy metal-polluted soil, C0, C1, C2 tri-groups of process of comparing, C1, C2 process reduces than the heavy metal absolute content in C0 process, illustrates that this stabilizing agent has effect to heavy metal in soil stabilisation; To compare C1, C2 process, mix the performance of rotary tillage number of times on stabilizing agent effect in stabilizing agent application and there is larger impact, stabilizing agent can be accelerated contact with heavy metal-polluted soil stabilization reactions speed occurs, data to show after applying stabilizing agent rotary tillage number of times, and to reach 3 stablizing effects better, and in vegetable sample, content of beary metal can reach the standard of " pollutants in food limitation " GB2762-2012.
As shown in Table 3, take C0 as control treatment, in C1, C2 process vegetables, Cd content reduces 46%, 85% respectively, in vegetables, Pb content reduces 51%, 79% respectively, this illustrates that stabilizing agent plays stabilization effect to soil, but different construction operating mode is remarkable to soil stabilization influential effect, after applying stabilizing agent, the stabilization effect of rotary tillage 3 process is better than rotary tillage 2 process.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a method for in-situ remediation soil polluted by heavy metals, is characterized in that, is applied by stabilizing agent on heavy-metal contaminated soil surface to be repaired, carries out at least 3 alternation of wetting and drying rotary tillages mixing, with the soil of repairing heavy metal pollution;
Wherein, described stabilizing agent is the pulverulent solids mixture that calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate and magnesia process by the weight ratio of 5:4:1.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, uses horizontal rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage mixing.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, rotary tillage severity control is at 25-30cm.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when the heavy metal Cd content in soil to be repaired be 3 ~ 15mg/kg, Pb content be 300 ~ 900mg/kg time, stabilizing agent dosage is 2.5 ~ 3% of soil weight.
5. the method according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) stabilizing agent is applied on heavy-metal contaminated soil surface to be repaired, use horizontal rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage mixing once to the soil using stabilizing agent comprehensively, stabilizing agent and heavy-metal contaminated soil are fully mixed and contacts;
2) water in time after first time rotary tillage mixing, make upper and lower layer soil moisture content reach 35% ± 5%;
3) treat that soil moisture content is down to 15% ± 5%, second time rotary tillage mixing is carried out to soil, waters in time, make upper and lower layer soil moisture content reach 30% ± 5%;
4) treat that soil moisture content is reduced to 10% ± 5%, third time rotary tillage mixing is carried out to soil, waters in time, make upper and lower layer soil moisture content again reach 35% ± 5%, after land retirement 10-20 days.
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| CN105013812A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-04 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Technology for rapidly restoring heavy metal pollution of farmland |
| CN105061114A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-11-18 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Farmland heavy metal contaminated soil compound modifying agent and preparation method and application method thereof |
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| CN110121969A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-16 | 中环循(北京)环境技术中心 | A kind of deep ploughing in repairing heavy metal pollution farmland is digged method |
| CN110000205A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-12 | 广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司 | The original place Ex-situ remediation method of pollution of river soil |
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