CN104334955A - 用于no/氮气的气体混合物的高压封装 - Google Patents

用于no/氮气的气体混合物的高压封装 Download PDF

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CN104334955A
CN104334955A CN201380026345.8A CN201380026345A CN104334955A CN 104334955 A CN104334955 A CN 104334955A CN 201380026345 A CN201380026345 A CN 201380026345A CN 104334955 A CN104334955 A CN 104334955A
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P·德维尔默尔
L·勒古
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Air Liquide Sante International SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在内部容积小于或等于12升的封装容器(6)、特别是气瓶中储存NO/N2混合物的方法,其特征在于,含有按体积计介于400ppm和1000ppm之间的NO并且其余为氮气的NO/N2气体混合物在至少250巴的压力下被保持在所述容器的内部容积中。优选地,所述NO/N2气体混合物被保持在280巴至450巴、更优选地介于300巴和420巴之间的压力下。

Description

用于NO/氮气的气体混合物的高压封装
本发明涉及一种内部容积为12升或更小的NO缸的使用,该缸适合于和设计成容纳在至少250巴、优选在300巴和500巴之间的压力下封装的NO和氮气的混合物(NO含量>400ppmv)。
气态NO通常以按体积计100ppm至800ppm(下文中称为“ppmv”)范围内的各种浓度被使用,气体混合物的其余部分是氮气,气态NO用于治疗肺血管收缩,尤其是治疗进行心脏外科手术的病人或缺氧新生儿的肺动脉高压。在这方面,可以参考文献EP-A-786264和EP-1516639。
含有初始浓度通常介于100ppmv和800ppmv之间的NO的NO/N2缸可以采用2升至40升(等同水量)范围内的不同尺寸。
然而,施用给患者的NO剂量从1ppmv到40ppmv变化,施用时间根据所考虑的患者及其临床状况从数小时到数天变化,例如平均长达4天。
因此,NO必须在被施用给患者之前典型地通过空气、富氧空气或N2/O2混合物稀释,从而将其浓度降低至小于40ppmv,也就是说,降低至用于所考虑的病人所需的剂量。该稀释通常在呼吸机的患者回路中进行。
然而,抢救室和手术室的拥挤状态以及为使患者更容易运输而使用小型NO施用装置和监控系统使得很难使用大尺寸、即超过12升(水容量)、通常为20升的NO/N2缸。
具体地,导致医院治疗室明显过于拥挤的这种缸对医护人员来说难以处理,会产生在建筑物中的储存和运输问题等。
然而,减小气缸的尺寸是不够的,因为这将导致自主性的显著损失,也就是说,气缸未包含足够量的气体以能够确保在可能持续数小时或甚至数天的所需治疗时间上分配NO。
因此,问题在于能够在小尺寸、也就是容量(等同水量,équivalent eneau)小于12升的储存容器中提供NO/N2混合物,而不会遇到前述自主性问题或同时使前述自主性问题降到最低,也就是说,所述小尺寸的储存容器即容纳足够量的气体以能够在至少12至24小时的治疗时间、优选至少1至4天或甚至更长的时间上治疗患者而不需要更换缸的小的缸。
本发明的解决方案是一种在内部容积小于或等于12升的封装容器中储存NO/N2混合物的方法,其特征在于,含有按体积计400ppm至1000ppm的NO并且其余部分是氮气的NO/N2气体混合物在至少250巴的压力下被保持、即储存在所述容器的内部容积中。
换句话说,根据本发明,为了补偿封装容器、通常是气缸的尺寸减小,同时保持容器足够的自主性使其适合用于治疗患有肺血管收缩的患者,增加封装在容器中的NO/氮气混合物的压力。
实际上,封装在缸(具有恒定的容积)中的气体的压力增大增加了可用的NO的量但不必需增加其浓度,这避免了前述的问题。
此外,这也使得可以避免由于不良稀释或不受控的给药造成的任何过大的剂量或过大的NO施用量。
此外,这也使得可以通过使缸在医院内和医院外的环境中更易于运输和处理而降低缸的尺寸和空间要求。
然而,压力的增大需要能够提供能承受这样的压力或甚至显著更高压力的缸。事实上,由于明显的安全原因,缸必须能够承受比其正常工作压力高得多的压力,通常比其正常工作压力高1.5倍的压力。因此,用于容纳300巴的NO/氮气混合物的缸必须能够承受450巴的最大压力,也称为测试压力。
根据情况,本发明的方法可以包括以下技术特征中的一个或多个:
-由例如玻璃纤维或碳纤维等复合材料或由包括铝(Al)、1.8%至2.6%的铜(Cu)、1.3%至2.1%的镁(Mg)和6.1%至7.5%的锌(Zn)的铝合金形成该容器,优选使用附加地包含(重量%)从0到0.15%的硅(Si)的铝合金形成所述容器。
-使用包含(重量%)86.7%至90.7%的铝的铝合金。
-由密度介于2g/cm3和3.5g/cm3之间、优选介于2.5g/cm3和3g/cm3之间、通常为2.85g/cm3的铝合金形成容器。
-使用直径介于5cm和40cm之间、高度介于10cm和80cm之间的圆柱形状的容器。
-使用具有厚度E小于30mm的周壁的容器。
-所述容器是气缸。
-所述圆柱形状的容器在其一端包括基底和在其另一端包括具有出口孔的颈部,用于控制气体流量和/或用于降低压力的装置附接至所述出口孔。
-NO/N2气体混合物含有按体积计至少450ppm的NO,优选含有高达900ppmv的NO,其余部分为氮气。
-在从280巴到450巴、优选介于300巴和420巴之间的压力下储存NO/N2气体混合物。
-封装容器的内部容积小于或等于11升。
-所述容器(6)容纳压力介于300巴和500巴之间的NO/N2气体混合物。
通过下文给出的参照附图的描述会更好地理解本发明,附图表示用于分配由根据本发明的气体封装系统供给的NO的设备的一个实施例。
由下表给出的冶金组分形成的铝合金制成的、具有不同尺寸的数个缸6用于在高压下储存由一氧化氮(NO)和氮气(N2)形成的气体混合物。
表1
元素 合金的重量比例(%)
Pb 0至0.003
Fe 0至0.2
Si 0至0.15
Cu 1.8至2.6
Mn 0至0.2
Mg 1.3至2.1
Cr 0.15至0.25
Zn 6.1至7.5
Ti 0至0.05
Zr 0至0.05
杂质 0至0.15
Al 其余
合金密度 大约2.85g/cm3
缸装备有集成的阀调节器8,也称为IVR,使得能够控制气体从容器6的输出。更具体地,封装在缸中的NO/N2气体混合物含有介于400ppm和1000ppm之间的NO含量,例如为800ppmv的数量级,并在高压下被引入到B1、B2、B5和B11型的缸,所述缸的等同水量分别为1、2、5和11升。
根据本发明,缸6中的气体压力为在每个缸的内部容积中为至少250巴,优选在300巴和500巴之间。这样获得的缸最终含有处于300巴数量级的压力下和含量为800ppmv的NO/N2混合物。
这些缸用于供给用于向患有肺血管收缩的病人分配NO的设备、例如用于分配NO的设备,所述设备的一个实施例被示意性地示出于唯一的附图中。
该设备包括呼吸机1,呼吸机1包括具有两个分支、即吸入分支3和呼出分支4的呼吸回路或患者回路2。吸入分支3设计成从呼吸机1向患者P输送呼吸气体,而呼出分支4设计成将患者P呼出的气体输送到呼吸机1。在患者P处,气体借助于例如呼吸面罩或气管插管或导管的患者接口11被施用。
通过数个输送管线10、10'向呼吸机1供给从空气源7产生的空气(按体积计21%的O2含量)和从氧气源7'产生的氧气,所述源例如气缸或分别输送医用空气和源自氧气生产单元如变压吸附(PSA)单元或源自氧气储存单元如缓冲器或储罐的氧气的管线。呼吸机1中的空气是富氧的,所获得的富氧气体由呼吸机1输送到患者回路2的吸入分支3内。
此外,用于分配NO的装置5流体连接到患者回路2的所述吸入分支3,从而经由进给管线12向吸入分支3输送浓度为按体积计至少400ppm的NO/N2混合物。用于分配NO的装置5本身通过根据本发明的NO容器6经由气体进给管线9被供给NO/N2混合物,所述NO容器6是例如配备有阀或集成的阀调节器8、优选用盖保护以防止冲击的铝的气缸(参照表1)。
用于分配NO的装置5使得可以控制释放到吸入分支3内的NO/N2的量,以及控制释放该混合物的方法,即以连续或脉冲方式释放该混合物,例如仅在患者P的吸入阶段释放该混合物。因此,在吸入分支3中,NO/N2混合物通过由呼吸机1分配的富氧气体稀释。该稀释取决于初始的NO/N2混合物的含量,也取决于待施加给患者的气体浓度。
下面的表2给出了容量为0.5至20升(即B0.5至B20)的各种封装容器在不同压力(巴)下的容量(单位为气体的升)。
表2
填充压力(巴) 150bar 200 250 300 350 400
缸类型 容积L
B0.5 75 100 125 150 175 200
B1 150 200 250 300 350 400
B2 300 400 500 600 700 800
B5 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000
B10 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
B20 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
事实上,NO消耗将取决于患者的类型,即成人、儿童或新生儿,并且还取决于呼吸方法和所需的NO剂量。
下面的表3给出了用于治疗以10升/分钟的分钟体积呼吸的成人患者所需的NO的量。
表3
缸中的浓度(ppm) 225 450 900 1500 2250
体积ml/min
NO剂量(ppm)
一日的体积 5 327 160 80 48 48
(升) 10 655 320 160 96 96
20 1309 640 320 193 193
NO计量(ppm)
4日的体积 5 1309 640 320 193 193
(升) 10 2618 1280 640 385 385
20 5236 2560 1280 771 771
如在上表中可以看到,对于450ppm的浓度,容纳在400巴的压力下封装的NO/N2的B5型(5升等同水量)缸因此提供2000升气体,使得可以以20ppmv的剂量治疗成年患者大约3天。
在这些相同的浓度和充填压力条件下,该患者的每天的治疗都可以使用B2型(25升等同水量)缸。
在任何情况下,这些缸在这样的压力下的重量和空间要求与现有技术的缸相比都大大降低。因此,高浓度(即超过400ppmv)的NO和高充填压力(即超过250巴)的组合使得可以大大降低封装容器的尺寸并方便其在医院环境中使用。
这个特点在新生儿情况下更为明显。因此,下面的表4示出用于治疗以2升/分钟的分钟体积呼吸的新生儿所需的NO的量。
表4
可以看出,对于450ppm的浓度,在400巴的压力下提供400升气体的B1型(1升等同水量)缸使得可以以20ppmv的剂量治疗新生儿4天。
在这些相同的浓度和充填压力条件下,该患者的每天的治疗都可以使用仅约250cm3的缸。
鉴于这些表格,能够立即理解当NO/N2气体混合物含有按体积计400ppm至1000ppm的NO、其余为氮气时使用内部容积小于或等于12升的缸在至少250巴、优选在300巴和500巴之间的压力下封装NO和氮气的混合物的优势。
在高压、即至少450巴下封装NO使得可以减小所使用的封装缸的尺寸(<12升),因此解决了上述拥挤的问题,并使得能使封装适合于以类似传统治疗的方式的每日的治疗或每个患者的治疗,从而能够更好地监控患者所接受的治疗。

Claims (15)

1.一种在内部容积小于或等于12升的封装容器(6)中储存NO/N2混合物的方法,其特征在于,在至少250巴的压力下将含有按体积计从400ppm至1000ppm的NO并且其余部分是氮气的NO/N2气体混合物储存在所述容器的内部容积中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,由复合材料或由包括铝(Al)、1.8%至2.6%的铜(Cu)、1.3%至2.1%的镁(Mg)和6.1%至7.5%的锌(Zn)的铝合金形成所述容器(6)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,使用含有重量百分比为从86.7%至90.7%的铝的铝合金。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,由密度介于2g/cm3和3.5g/cm3之间的铝合金形成容器(6)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,使用直径介于5cm和40cm之间、高度介于10cm和80cm之间的圆柱形状的容器(6)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述容器(6)是气缸。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述圆柱形状的容器(6)在其一端包括基底并在其另一端包括具有出口孔的颈部,用于控制气体流量和/或用于降低压力的装置(8)附接至所述出口孔。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述NO/N2气体混合物含有按体积计至少450ppm的NO,其余部分为氮气(N2)。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在280巴至500巴的压力下封装所述NO/N2气体混合物。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述容器(6)的内部容积小于或等于11升。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述容器(6)容纳处于介于300巴和500巴之间的压力下的NO/N2混合物。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述NO/N2气体混合物包含高达900ppmv的NO。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在280巴至450巴的压力下封装所述NO/N2气体混合物。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在介于300巴和420巴之间的压力下储存所述NO/N2气体混合物。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述容器是气缸,所述容器的等同水量是0.5升、1升、2升、5升或11升。
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