A kind of method preparing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate by-product eggplant composite fertilizer special
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizers, be specifically related to a kind of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate by-product eggplant composite fertilizer special prepared
Method.
Background technology
Eggplant, is Solanaceae Solanum herbaceos perennial, and the torrid zone is perennial.The edible fruit use that it is born, color is many
For purple or atropurpureus, also having light green or candida species, the most also have circle, oval, pyriform etc. is various.Eggplant is a kind of
Typical vegetables, according to the difference of kind, usage is various.Analyzing according to nutritionist, the prevention disease index of eggplant is
26.29, biotic energy index is 9.7142, it was demonstrated that the rehabilitation to disease has at a relatively high value, and the raising to vitality belongs to
In effective range, the eggplant of high-quality be unable to do without good fertilizer, the main nutrient elements that eggplant absorbs be nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
Magnesium etc., but in common fertilizer, the utilization rate of N P and K is the lowest, and in general composite fertilizer, nitrogen use efficiency is 20%-40%, and phosphorus is only
About 20%, potassium is up to more than 30%.It follows that this season utilization rate of phosphorus is minimum, nitrogen, potassium utilization rate suitable.Common fertile
It is high to there is loss of elements in material, and Soil Environmental Pollution is big, high in cost of production problem, so for the difference of crop, and composite fertilizer special
Property has great importance.
The technology of preparing mixing composite fertilizer is also had currently for crops, but not at Patents file and open literary composition
Offer the discovery difference for variety of crops by the research of element needed for crop, the compound state carrying out element arranging in pairs or groups
The technical scheme of composite fertilizer exists, and does not the most find in the technology preparing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate byproduct in process eggplant composite fertilizer special
Scheme occurs.
Therefore, by substantial amounts of research and practice, element collocation needed for eggplant is main to the present inventor, is improving phosphoric acid system
For crop, the absorptivity of required element is adjusted whole production technology and parameter while the purity of standby ammonium dihydrogen phosphate product
By-product goes out to be applicable to the special efficient composite fertilizer of eggplant.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, loss of elements is few, environmental pollution is low, element collocation is closed to the invention provides one
Reason, the eggplant that by-product can make eggplant sufficiently absorb element while improving ammonium dihydrogen phosphate product purity are special multiple
The preparation method in Hefei.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of method preparing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate by-product eggplant composite fertilizer special, the method comprises the following steps:
Prepared by a, raw material: by phosphoric acid with urea be in molar ratio first 1.8~2.2:1.4~1.6 ratio mix, phosphoric acid is dense
Degree is 65~75%, is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 85~120 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepares slip, isolated
Urea phosphate;
B, prepare ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: be slowly added to ammoniacal liquor in the slip containing urea phosphate controlling pH value is 3.4~3.7 also
Be sufficiently stirred for obtaining containing nitrogen, the slip of phosphorus, the cooled crystallizer of slip is cooled to 18-24 DEG C, filter, isolated phosphoric acid
Ammonium dihydrogen;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace compound needed for potassium element and eggplant in the filtrate of isolated
Obtain the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special;
D, it is dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 33~36 DEG C, is dried after 25~30min, controls aqueous
Amount is 3~5% to obtain Fertilizer special for eggplant.
In described step a, phosphoric acid is massaged with the react reaction for phosphoric acid solution with urea solid, phosphoric acid and the urea of urea
You mix than the ratio for 2:1.5, and the concentration of phosphoric acid is 70%.
In described step c, trace compound is the chelate of calcium, magnesium, nitrogen element in the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special
Content be 15%, phosphorus pentoxide be 3%, potassium element be 11%, calcium constituent be 5%, magnesium elements be 5%.
In described step d the nitrogen element content of eggplant composite fertilizer special be 15%, calcium element content be 4%, magnesium elements
Content is 4%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, the content of potassium element is 10%.
In described step d, eggplant composite fertilizer special is compound state Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.
Containing following N P and K compound state structural formula in its composition of eggplant composite fertilizer special in described step d:
Wherein, the dotted line between carbon atom and oxygen atom represents C atom and O atom
Between there is coordinate bond.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: while preparing highly purified ammonium dihydrogen phosphate by phosphoric acid and urea reaction
The techniques such as remaining slip can also be added by element, dry are prepared as the composite fertilizer special needed for eggplant, and mother liquor obtains
Sufficiently utilize, reduce cost, the research and analysis to the absorptivity of element for the constituent content needed for eggplant and eggplant,
The compound state composite fertilizer the prepared requirement meeting eggplant to the full extent, decrease the waste of element, it is to avoid multiple
The soil contamination problem that the residual in Hefei causes.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme is further described, but claimed scope is not limited to
In described.
Reaction principle illustrates:
First passing through the adjustment to phosphoric acid Yu urea reaction parameter, prepare urea phosphate, urea phosphate can continue to and phosphoric acid
React formation H2NCONH3 +And H2PO4 -, H2NCONH3 +In the environment of containing phosphoric acid, the shape when temperature is 85~120 DEG C
BecomeIntermediate-ion and dihydrogen phosphate, after adding the ammonium radical ion of excess, dihydrogen phosphate
Reacting generation ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with ammonium radical ion to separate out, the ammonium radical ion reaction after adding potassium ion and in intermediate-ion is formedIt is subsequently adding the chelate of calcium constituent and magnesium elements, forms compound state composite fertilizer, through overdrying
Eggplant composite fertilizer special is i.e. obtained after dry process.The reaction equation of above-mentioned reaction principle is as follows:
Chemical equation one:
H2PO3+CO(NH2)2—CO(NH2)2·H3PO4
Chemical equation two:
CO(NH2)2·H3PO4—H2NCONH3 ++H2PO4 -
Chemical equation three:
H2PO4 -+NH4 +—NH4H2PO4
Chemical equation four:
Chemical equation five:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment one
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 1.8:1.4 mixes in molar ratio, and phosphoric acid concentration is 65%,
It is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 85 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepare slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid and urea
Reaction be phosphoric acid solution and urea solid reaction;
B, prepare ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: be slowly added to ammoniacal liquor in the slip containing urea phosphate controlling pH value is 3.6 and fully
Stirring obtain containing nitrogen, the slip of phosphorus, the cooled crystallizer of slip is cooled to 18 DEG C, filter, isolated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace compound needed for potassium element and eggplant in the filtrate of isolated
Obtaining the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special, trace compound is the chelate of calcium, magnesium, in the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special
The content of nitrogen element is 15%, phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, potassium element is 11%, calcium constituent is 5%, magnesium elements is 5%;
D, it is dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 33 DEG C, is dried after 25min, and controlling water content is 5%
Obtaining Fertilizer special for eggplant, the nitrogen element content of eggplant composite fertilizer special is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, the content of magnesium elements
Be 4%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide be 3%, the content of potassium element be 10%.
Embodiment two
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 1.8:1.5 mixes in molar ratio, and phosphoric acid concentration is 66%,
It is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 90 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepare slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid and urea
Reaction be phosphoric acid solution and urea solid reaction;
B, prepare ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: be slowly added to ammoniacal liquor in the slip containing urea phosphate controlling pH value is 3.5 and fully
Stirring obtain containing nitrogen, the slip of phosphorus, the cooled crystallizer of slip is cooled to 19 DEG C, filter, isolated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace compound needed for potassium element and eggplant in the filtrate of isolated
Obtaining the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special, trace compound is the chelate of calcium, magnesium, in the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special
The content of nitrogen element is 15%, phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, potassium element is 11%, calcium constituent is 5%, magnesium elements is 5%;
D, it is dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 34 DEG C, is dried after 26min, controls water content and is
4.8% obtains Fertilizer special for eggplant, and the nitrogen element content of eggplant composite fertilizer special is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, magnesium elements
Content is 4%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, the content of potassium element is 10%.
Embodiment three
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 1.8:1.6 mixes in molar ratio, and phosphoric acid concentration is 68%,
It is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 95 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepare slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid and urea
Reaction be phosphoric acid solution and urea solid reaction;
B, prepare ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: be slowly added to ammoniacal liquor in the slip containing urea phosphate controlling pH value is 3.6 and fully
Stirring obtain containing nitrogen, the slip of phosphorus, the cooled crystallizer of slip is cooled to 20 DEG C, filter, isolated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace compound needed for potassium element and eggplant in the filtrate of isolated
Obtaining the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special, trace compound is the chelate of calcium, magnesium.The mother of described eggplant composite fertilizer special
In liquid the content of nitrogen element be 15%, phosphorus pentoxide be 3%, potassium element be 11%, calcium constituent be 5%, magnesium elements be 5%;
D, it is dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 35 DEG C, is dried after 27min, controls water content and is
4.4% obtains Fertilizer special for eggplant, and the nitrogen element content of eggplant composite fertilizer special is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, magnesium elements
Content is 4%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, the content of potassium element is 10%.
Embodiment four
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 2.0:1.4 mixes in molar ratio, and phosphoric acid concentration is 69%,
It is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 98 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepare slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid and urea
Reaction be phosphoric acid solution and urea solid reaction;
B, prepare ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: be slowly added to ammoniacal liquor in the slip containing urea phosphate controlling pH value is 3.4 and fully
Stirring obtain containing nitrogen, the slip of phosphorus, the cooled crystallizer of slip is cooled to 21 DEG C, filter, isolated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace compound needed for potassium element and eggplant in the filtrate of isolated
Obtaining the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special, trace compound is the chelate of calcium, magnesium, in the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special
The content of nitrogen element is 15%, phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, potassium element is 11%, calcium constituent is 5%, magnesium elements is 5%;
D, it is dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 35 DEG C, is dried after 28min, controls water content and is
4.1% obtains Fertilizer special for eggplant, and the nitrogen element content of eggplant composite fertilizer special is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, magnesium elements
Content is 4%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, the content of potassium element is 10%.
Embodiment five
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 2.0:1.5 mixes in molar ratio, and phosphoric acid concentration is 70%,
It is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 99 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepare slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid and urea
Reaction be phosphoric acid solution and urea solid reaction;
B, prepare ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: be slowly added to ammoniacal liquor in the slip containing urea phosphate controlling pH value is 3.5 and fully
Stirring obtain containing nitrogen, the slip of phosphorus, the cooled crystallizer of slip is cooled to 22 DEG C, filter, isolated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace compound needed for potassium element and eggplant in the filtrate of isolated
Obtaining the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special, trace compound is the chelate of calcium, magnesium, in the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special
The content of nitrogen element is 15%, phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, potassium element is 11%, calcium constituent is 5%, magnesium elements is 5%;
D, it is dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 35.5 DEG C, is dried after 29min, controls water content and is
3.8% obtains Fertilizer special for eggplant, and the nitrogen element content of eggplant composite fertilizer special is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, magnesium elements
Content is 4%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, the content of potassium element is 10%.
Embodiment six
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 2.0:1.6 mixes in molar ratio, and phosphoric acid concentration is 73%,
It is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 110 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepare slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid and urea
Reaction be phosphoric acid solution and urea solid reaction;
B, prepare ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: be slowly added to ammoniacal liquor in the slip containing urea phosphate controlling pH value is 3.6 and fully
Stirring obtain containing nitrogen, the slip of phosphorus, the cooled crystallizer of slip is cooled to 23 DEG C, filter, isolated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace compound needed for potassium element and eggplant in the filtrate of isolated
Obtaining the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special, trace compound is the chelate of calcium, magnesium, in the mother liquor of eggplant composite fertilizer special
The content of nitrogen element is 15%, phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, potassium element is 11%, calcium constituent is 5%, magnesium elements is 5%;
D, it is dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 36 DEG C, is dried after 30min, controls water content and is
3.5% obtains Fertilizer special for eggplant, and the nitrogen element content of eggplant composite fertilizer special is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, magnesium elements
Content is 4%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 3%, the content of potassium element is 10%.
Below in conjunction with specific experiment example, product and the technique effect of the present invention are further described.
Experimental example one
The embodiment of the present invention one, embodiment two, embodiment three, embodiment four, embodiment five, embodiment six, in prepare
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate product detect by the standard of GB25569 2010, testing result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate of the present invention product purity detects
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate |
Criterion of acceptability |
Embodiment one |
Embodiment two |
Embodiment three |
Embodiment four |
Embodiment five |
Embodiment six |
Purity >=% |
96 |
98.2 |
98.6 |
98.1 |
98.3 |
98.2 |
98.3 |
Moisture≤% |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.43 |
0.42 |
0.41 |
0.41 |
0.4 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate that technical scheme is produced has not only reached qualified mark
Standard, and the purity of product is the highest, illustrates that this method is prepared ammonium dihydrogen phosphate product and had the most progressive.
Experimental example two
According to the eggplant absorption to constituent content and the growing state of eggplant, to eggplant composite fertilizer special and Common compound fertilizer
Compare test.With 9 eggplants as subjects, be numbered respectively A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, to tri-labels of A, B, C
Common fertilizer used by eggplant, the eggplant seedling of six labels such as D, E, F, G, H, I is used respectively embodiment one, embodiment two,
Fertilizer special for eggplant prepared in embodiment three, embodiment four, embodiment five, embodiment six, contrast and experiment such as table 2 institute
Show:
Table 2 use Common compound fertilizer and eggplant composite fertilizer special to eggplant element absorption rate to when eggplant being grown
Impact
The eggplant composite fertilizer special that as can be seen from the above table prepared by the present invention sufficiently can be absorbed by eggplant, and also rich
Containing the nutrient needed for the eggplants such as Ca, Me, the normal growth of eggplant is provided guarantee, improving eggplant growing way, prevent eggplant
Economic benefit is improve while son is ill.