A kind of method preparing potassium dihydrogen phosphate by-product special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizers, be specifically related to one and prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate by-product eucalyptus
The method of tree composite fertilizer special.
Background technology
Composite fertilizer has that nutrient content is high, accessory ingredient is few and the advantage such as physical behavior is good, for putting down
Weighing apparatus fertilising, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, promotes that the stable high yield of crop has highly important effect.
But it also has some shortcomings, such as its nutrients ratio always fixing, and different soils, no
It is various with nutrient kind, quantity and the ratio needed for crop, such as eucalyptus optimum
Deep at soil layer, humus content is high, loosing soil, permeability red soil good, slightly acidic
With yellow-red soil region growing.Eucalyptus absorb main nutrient elements be nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium,
Zinc, boron etc., but in Common compound fertilizer, the utilization rate of N P and K is the lowest, nitrogen profit in general composite fertilizer
Being 20%-40% by rate, phosphorus only has about 20%, and potassium is up to more than 30%.It follows that phosphorus
This season utilization rate minimum, nitrogen, potassium utilization rate suitable.There is loss of elements in Common compound fertilizer
Height, Soil Environmental Pollution is big, high in cost of production problem, so for the difference of crop, composite fertilizer
Specificity have great importance.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is agriculturally to be used as efficient phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate product is extensive
It is applicable to the crop of the almost all types such as all types of industrial crops, grain, melon fruits and vegetables,
It is applicable to for potassium dihydrogen phosphate by local institutes of agricultural sciences, clay fertilizer Zhan Deng expert mechanism in China
All kinds of Typical crops have carried out a lot of related application experiments, by various places to all types of crops
Actual application effect proves that potassium dihydrogen phosphate has notable increasing both production and income, the amount of changing optimizes quality, resists
Many excellent effects such as lodging, disease and insect resistance, preventing and treating early ageing, and have and overcome plant growth
The malnourished effect that the aging absorbability of later stage root system declines and causes.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate belongs to
Novel high density phosphorus potassium Was Used compound fertilizer, wherein containing phosphorus pentoxide about 52%, oxygen-containing
Change dipotassium about 34%.The preparation of potassium dihydrogen phosphate be unable to do without phosphoric acid, and current industrial preparation
The main method of phosphoric acid has phosphoric acid by wet process, thermal phosphoric acid, and phosphoric acid by wet process prepares di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate in the later stage
Exist during hydrogen potassium product and purify difficulty relatively greatly, the problems such as equipment requirement is high.
As the patent document of Publication No. CN100999312A disclose a kind of potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
S-based compound fertilizer and the coproduction side of aluminium polychloride, not only solve phosphoric acid by wet process and prepare di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
The impurity interference problem of hydrogen potassium, and can also the free from chloride S-based compound fertilizer of by-product, coproduction simultaneously gather
Close aluminium chloride.
And for example the patent document of Publication No. CN101337657A discloses phosphate rock decomposition connection
Produce potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate and the method for compound fertilizer, solve low product in use the most smoothly
The impurity interference problem of position Phosphate Rock hydrochlorate, but also improve the recovery of phosphorus pentoxide
Rate, it is therefore prevented that the waste of resource.
The technology of preparing mixing composite fertilizer is also had currently for crops, but not relevant special
Profit file and open source literature finding, the difference for variety of crops is by unit needed for crop
The research of element, carries out element the technical scheme existence of the composite fertilizer of the compound state arranged in pairs or groups, does not also have
It is found the technical scheme preparing potassium dihydrogen phosphate byproduct in process special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus to go out
Existing.
Therefore, the present inventor by substantial amounts of research and practice needed for eucalyptus element collocation be
Main, for crop to required unit while raising phosphoric acid prepares the purity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate product
The absorptivity of element adjusts whole production technology and parameter by-product goes out to be applicable to the special efficient of eucalyptus
Composite fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides that a kind of loss of elements is few, environmental pollution
Low, element is arranged in pairs or groups rationally, while improving potassium dihydrogen phosphate product purity, by-product can make eucalyptus
The preparation method of the special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus that element is sufficiently absorbed.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of method preparing potassium dihydrogen phosphate by-product special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus, the method include with
Lower step:
Prepared by a, raw material: be first the ratio of 1.8~2.2:1.4~1.6 in molar ratio by phosphoric acid and urea
Mixing, phosphoric acid concentration is 65~75%, is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 85~120 DEG C by programming rate, stirs
Mix reaction 20min, prepare slip, isolated urea phosphate;
B, prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate: in the slip containing urea phosphate, be slowly added to alkalescence potassium control
PH value processed is 3.4~3.7 and be sufficiently stirred for obtaining containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the slip of potassium, and slip is through cold
But crystallizer is cooled to 18-24 DEG C, filter, isolated potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace unit needed for eucalyptus in the filtrate of isolated
Element compound obtains the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus;
D, be dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 33~36 DEG C, be dried
After 25~30min, controlling water content is 3~5% to obtain fertilizer dedicated to eucalyptus.
The reaction that in described step a, the reaction of phosphoric acid and urea is phosphoric acid solution with urea solid,
Phosphoric acid is that the ratio of 2:1.5 mixes in molar ratio with urea, and the concentration of phosphoric acid is 70%.
Described step b neutral and alkali sylvite is potassium hydroxide.
In described step c, trace compound is the chelate of calcium, magnesium, eucalyptus specific complex
In fertile mother liquor the content of nitrogen element be 15%, phosphorus pentoxide be 3%, potassium oxide be 11%,
Calcium constituent is 5%, magnesium elements is 5%.
In described step d the nitrogen element content of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus be 15%, calcium element content
Be 4%, the content of magnesium elements be 4%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide be 3%, the containing of potassium oxide
Amount is 10%.
In described step d, special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus is compound state Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.
Described step d is tied containing following N P and K compound state in its composition of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus
Structure formula:
Wherein, the dotted line between carbon atom and oxygen atom represents that C is former
Coordinate bond is there is between son and O atom.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: the potassium dihydrogen phosphate prepared by phosphoric acid and urea reaction
Not only compensate for conventional wet phosphoric acid and prepare the contaminant problem of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the method exists
While preparing highly purified potassium dihydrogen phosphate, remaining slip can also be added by element,
Be dried etc. technique be prepared as the composite fertilizer special needed for eucalyptus, mother liquor is fully utilized,
Reduce cost, the research to the absorptivity of element for the constituent content needed for eucalyptus and eucalyptus
And analysis, the compound state composite fertilizer the prepared requirement meeting eucalyptus to the full extent,
Decrease the waste of element, it is to avoid the soil contamination problem that the residual of composite fertilizer causes.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme is further described, but claimed
Scope be not limited to described.
Reaction principle illustrates:
First pass through the adjustment to phosphoric acid Yu urea reaction parameter, prepare urea phosphate, urea phosphate
Can continue to reacts with phosphoric acid forms H2NCONH3 +And H2PO4 -, H2NCONH3 +?
In the environment of phosphoric acid, formed when temperature is 85~120 DEG C
Intermediate-ion and dihydrogen phosphate, after adding the potassium ion of excess, dihydrogen phosphate and potassium ion
Reaction generate potassium dihydrogen phosphate separate out, remaining potassium ion continue and intermediate-ion in ammonium root from
Son reaction is formedIt is subsequently adding calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, is formed
Sulfenyl double salt compound state composite fertilizer, i.e. obtains special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus after dry process.On
The reaction equation stating reaction principle is as follows:
Chemical equation one:
H2PO3+CO(NH2)2—CO(NH2)2·H3PO4
Chemical equation two:
CO(NH2)2·H3PO4—H2NCONH3 ++H2PO4 -
Chemical equation three:
H2PO4 -+K+—KH2PO4
Chemical equation four:
Chemical equation five:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment one
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 1.8:1.4 mixes in molar ratio,
Phosphoric acid concentration is 65%, is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 85 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min,
Preparing slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid and the reaction of urea are that phosphoric acid solution is solid with urea
The reaction of body;
B, prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate: in the slip containing urea phosphate, be slowly added to alkalescence potassium control
PH value processed is 3.6 and is sufficiently stirred for obtaining containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the slip of potassium, the cooled knot of slip
Brilliant machine is cooled to 18 DEG C, filter, isolated potassium dihydrogen phosphate, alkaline potassium salt is hydroxide
Potassium;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace unit needed for eucalyptus in the filtrate of isolated
Element compound obtains the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus, and trace compound is the chela of calcium, magnesium
Compound, in the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus the content of nitrogen element be 15%, phosphorus pentoxide be
3%, potassium oxide be 11%, calcium constituent be 5%, magnesium elements be 5%;
D, be dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 33 DEG C, be dried 25min
After, controlling water content is 5% to obtain fertilizer dedicated to eucalyptus, and the nitrogen element of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus contains
Amount is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, the content of magnesium elements is 4%, the containing of phosphorus pentoxide
Amount is 3%, the content of potassium oxide is 10%.
Embodiment two
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 1.8:1.5 mixes in molar ratio, phosphoric acid
Concentration is 66%, is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 90 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepares
Slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid is phosphoric acid solution and urea solid with the reaction of urea
Reaction;
B, prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate: in the slip containing urea phosphate, be slowly added to alkalescence potassium control
PH value processed is 3.5 and is sufficiently stirred for obtaining containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the slip of potassium, the cooled knot of slip
Brilliant machine is cooled to 19 DEG C, filter, isolated potassium dihydrogen phosphate, alkaline potassium salt is hydroxide
Potassium;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace unit needed for eucalyptus in the filtrate of isolated
Element compound obtains the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus, and trace compound is the chela of calcium, magnesium
Compound, in the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus the content of nitrogen element be 15%, phosphorus pentoxide be
3%, potassium oxide be 11%, calcium constituent be 5%, magnesium elements be 5%;
D, be dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 34 DEG C, be dried 26min
After, controlling water content is 4.8% to obtain fertilizer dedicated to eucalyptus, the nitrogen element of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus
Content is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, the content of magnesium elements is 4%, phosphorus pentoxide
Content is 3%, the content of potassium oxide is 10%.
Embodiment three
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 1.8:1.6 mixes in molar ratio, phosphoric acid
Concentration is 68%, is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 95 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepares
Slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid is phosphoric acid solution and urea solid with the reaction of urea
Reaction;
B, prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate: in the slip containing urea phosphate, be slowly added to alkalescence potassium control
PH value processed is 3.6 and is sufficiently stirred for obtaining containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the slip of potassium, the cooled knot of slip
Brilliant machine is cooled to 20 DEG C, filter, isolated potassium dihydrogen phosphate, alkaline potassium salt is hydroxide
Potassium;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace unit needed for eucalyptus in the filtrate of isolated
Element compound obtains the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus, and trace compound is the chela of calcium, magnesium
Compound.In the mother liquor of described special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus, the content of nitrogen element is 15%, five oxidations two
Phosphorus is 3%, potassium oxide is 11%, calcium constituent is 5%, magnesium elements is 5%;
D, be dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 35 DEG C, be dried 27min
After, controlling water content is 4.4% to obtain fertilizer dedicated to eucalyptus, the nitrogen element of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus
Content is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, the content of magnesium elements is 4%, phosphorus pentoxide
Content is 3%, the content of potassium oxide is 10%.
Embodiment four
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 2.0:1.4 mixes in molar ratio, phosphoric acid
Concentration is 69%, is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 98 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepares
Slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid is phosphoric acid solution and urea solid with the reaction of urea
Reaction;
B, prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate: in the slip containing urea phosphate, be slowly added to alkalescence potassium control
PH value processed is 3.4 and is sufficiently stirred for obtaining containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the slip of potassium, the cooled knot of slip
Brilliant machine is cooled to 21 DEG C, filter, isolated potassium dihydrogen phosphate, alkaline potassium salt is hydroxide
Potassium;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace unit needed for eucalyptus in the filtrate of isolated
Element compound obtains the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus, and trace compound is the chela of calcium, magnesium
Compound, in the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus the content of nitrogen element be 15%, phosphorus pentoxide be
3%, potassium oxide be 11%, calcium constituent be 5%, magnesium elements be 5%;
D, be dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 35 DEG C, be dried 28min
After, controlling water content is 4.1% to obtain fertilizer dedicated to eucalyptus, the nitrogen element of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus
Content is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, the content of magnesium elements is 4%, phosphorus pentoxide
Content is 3%, the content of potassium oxide is 10%.
Embodiment five
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 2.0:1.5 mixes in molar ratio, phosphoric acid
Concentration is 70%, is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 99 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, prepares
Slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid is phosphoric acid solution and urea solid with the reaction of urea
Reaction;
B, prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate: in the slip containing urea phosphate, be slowly added to alkalescence potassium control
PH value processed is 3.5 and is sufficiently stirred for obtaining containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the slip of potassium, the cooled knot of slip
Brilliant machine is cooled to 22 DEG C, filter, isolated potassium dihydrogen phosphate, alkaline potassium salt is hydroxide
Potassium;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace unit needed for eucalyptus in the filtrate of isolated
Element compound obtains the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus, and trace compound is the chela of calcium, magnesium
Compound, in the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus the content of nitrogen element be 15%, phosphorus pentoxide be
3%, potassium oxide be 11%, calcium constituent be 5%, magnesium elements be 5%;
D, be dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 35.5 DEG C, be dried 29min
After, controlling water content is 3.8% to obtain fertilizer dedicated to eucalyptus, the nitrogen element of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus
Content is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, the content of magnesium elements is 4%, phosphorus pentoxide
Content is 3%, the content of potassium oxide is 10%.
Embodiment six
Prepared by a, raw material: first by phosphoric acid and urea, ratio for 2.0:1.6 mixes in molar ratio, phosphoric acid
Concentration is 73%, is that 8 DEG C/min rises to 110 DEG C by programming rate, stirring reaction 20min, system
Obtaining slip, isolated urea phosphate, phosphoric acid is phosphoric acid solution and urea solid with the reaction of urea
Reaction;
B, prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate: in the slip containing urea phosphate, be slowly added to alkalescence potassium control
PH value processed is 3.6 and is sufficiently stirred for obtaining containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the slip of potassium, the cooled knot of slip
Brilliant machine is cooled to 23 DEG C, filter, isolated potassium dihydrogen phosphate, alkaline potassium salt is hydroxide
Potassium;
C, filtrate element add: add the trace unit needed for eucalyptus in the filtrate of isolated
Element compound obtains the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus, and trace compound is the chela of calcium, magnesium
Compound, in the mother liquor of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus the content of nitrogen element be 15%, phosphorus pentoxide be
3%, potassium oxide be 11%, calcium constituent be 5%, magnesium elements be 5%;
D, be dried: being placed in drying machine by mother liquor, temperature controls at 36 DEG C, be dried 30min
After, controlling water content is 3.5% to obtain fertilizer dedicated to eucalyptus, the nitrogen element of special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus
Content is 15%, calcium element content is 4%, the content of magnesium elements is 4%, phosphorus pentoxide
Content is 3%, the content of potassium oxide is 10%.
Below in conjunction with concrete test example, product and the technique effect of the present invention are made further
Bright.
Experimental example one
According to the embodiment of the present invention one, embodiment two, embodiment three, embodiment four, embodiment
Five, embodiment six, in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate product prepared and wet process phosphoric acid for preparing in prior art
Standby potassium dihydrogen phosphate product carries out purity and compares, and according to GBT278-1997 " the China people
Republic's chemical industry standard " feed grade potassium dihydrogen phosphate test experience method, to the present invention's
Embodiment one, embodiment two, embodiment three, embodiment four, embodiment five, embodiment six are raw
The purity of the product that output is come detects, and its result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 conventional method and embodiments of the invention produce the purity inspection of potassium dihydrogen phosphate product
Survey and the comparative result of its water content:
|
Purity >=% |
Moisture≤% |
Tradition |
97 |
0.4 |
Embodiment 1 |
98.3 |
0.33 |
Embodiment 2 |
98.5 |
0.36 |
Embodiment 3 |
98.2 |
0.41 |
Embodiment 4 |
98.9 |
0.44 |
Embodiment 5 |
99.1 |
0.43 |
Embodiment 6 |
99 |
0.45 |
Standard |
98 |
0.5 |
By table 1 being appreciated that, potassium dihydrogen phosphate product that the present invention produces is relative to biography
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate purity that system phosphoric acid by wet process is prepared out is higher, more conforms to the chemical industry row of product
Industry standard, has in technology and technique effect and improves significantly.
Test example two
According to the eucalyptus absorption to constituent content and the growing state of eucalyptus, special multiple to eucalyptus
Hefei and Common compound fertilizer compare test.With 9 Eucalyptus Seedlings as subjects, mark respectively
Number be A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, Eucalyptus Seedlings to tri-labels of A, B, C
Use common fertilizer, the Eucalyptus Seedlings of six labels such as D, E, F, G, H, I is executed respectively
By embodiment one, embodiment two, embodiment three, embodiment four, embodiment five, embodiment six
Fertilizer dedicated to eucalyptus prepared by, comparative test result is as shown in table 2:
Right to eucalyptus element absorption rate of Common compound fertilizer and special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus used by table 2
The when impact on Eucalyptus
The special composite fertilizer for eucalyptus that as can be seen from the above table prepared by the present invention can be abundant by eucalyptus
Absorption, and also rich in the nutrient needed for the eucalyptus such as Ca, Me, normal to eucalyptus
Growth provides guarantee, is improving eucalyptus growing way, while promoting that root growth is vigorous, shortens
The felling time limit, improves economic benefit.