A kind of method preparing sodium dihydrogen phosphate coproduction cowpea composite fertilizer special
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizer, be specifically related to one and prepare sodium dihydrogen phosphate coproduction cowpea
The method of beans composite fertilizer special.
Background technology
Cowpea, is commonly called as angle beans, Jiang Dou, band beans, hangs fresh kidney beans.Cowpea is divided into asparagus bean and meal cowpea
Two kinds, belong to legume.Vigna pulse family annual plant.Stem has short property, half climing property and climing
Property three kinds.South cultivation is based on climing property, and short property is taken second place.The annual voluble herb of Papilionaceae
Plant, leaflet 3, terminal leaflet water chestnut shape is avette, long 5~13 centimetres, wide 4~7 centimetres, top
Anxious point, base portion subcircular or wide wedge shape, two sides is without hair, and the raw leaflet in side is the most avette;Stipule is avette,
It is about 1 centimetre, attachment region downward one-tenth one short distance.Calyx mitriform, without hair;Corolla lavender is long
About 2 centimetres, inside superior part of interlobule, there is faint yellow whisker.Pod is linear, sagging, long up to 40
Centimetre.Flowering fruit bearing stage 6~September.The growth of cowpea be unable to do without fertilizer, and common fertilizer is executed in arable land
After entering, a part is rising, dissipate and outflow with water, and a part is by soil and edaphon
Fixing and utilize, a part the most therein is the most absorbed by crops and utilizes.Show after deliberation:
Urea, the utilization rate of carbon ammonium are 20% one 46%, and phosphate fertilizer (two ammoniums, an ammonium, coarse whiting) is 10
% mono-25%, potash fertilizer 45% one 60%.As can be seen here, common fertilizer utilization rate is the lowest.
To this end, the present inventor to prepare cowpea for feature characteristic research fertile with the happiness one of cowpea special
Fertile method, needs to absorb more nutriment, not only in a growth cycle of cowpea
It is the provided nitrogen of common fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium, as lacked other nutrients, cannot send out by normal growth
Educating, plant slight of stature, ear uneven, pollination rate is low, has a strong impact on yield.The present invention be containing
The synthesis of multiple nutrient, is not the chemical fertilizer that nutrient is single, and it is except nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium
Deng outside macronutrient also rich in the element that the crops such as sodium, calcium, zinc are required, serve regulation
The effect of soil balanced nutrients, is that a kind of new and effective no-pollution full nutrition chelates dedicated fertilizer.This
Special fertilizer be grow normally according to cowpea, cultivation feature, irrigate habit, need
Nutrient prepare.Adding various nutrient elements, protection cowpea is healthy, and fertility is more longlasting,
Effectively regulation plant part defensive ability/resistance ability, alleviates disease, improves yield.It is substantially improved and makees article
Matter, improves the immunity of cowpea self, can well prevent cowpea regular incidence.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate is to manufacture calgon and the raw material of sodium pyrophosphate, is mainly used in system
Leather, process boiler water, as quality improver and baking powder processed, and in food industry, fermentation work
Industry is made buffer and yeast powder raw material, also serves as feed addictive, washing agent and dye auxiliary agent etc..
As the patent document of Publication No. CN101475463A discloses a kind of calcium formate and crosses phosphorus
Acid reaction co-producing high-purity formic acid and the method for sodium dihydrogen phosphate, the method uses carbon monoxide to enter
Entering reaction three towers, potassium hydroxide enters reaction one tower, enters with the carbon monoxide carrying out autoreaction two tower
Row countercurrent reaction, reactant liquor overflow is to reaction two towers, with the carbon monoxide gas carrying out autoreaction three tower
Countercurrent reaction, reactant liquor enters reaction three towers, carries out countercurrent reaction, reactant liquor with carbon monoxide
Being overflowed into batch can by reacting three towers, make calcium formate and prepare liquid, this calcium formate prepares liquid, enters
Entering reactor, drip formic acid, be passed through hydrogen sulfide, separate filter residue through filter I, filtrate enters
Continuous crystalizer, crystal solution enters filter II, and the calcium formate drying device after filtration is made into
Product calcium formate, peroxophosphoric acid, formic acid and calcium formate are input into into horizontal double-screw reactor, generate first
Acid and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, enter the decompression distillation of formic acid distillation still, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate transported to by calcium dihydrogen phosphate
Hydrogen calcium metering pans, formic acid enters formic acid pans, although the formic acid that the method is prepared is pure
Degree height, but due to complicated process of preparation, equipment requirement is high, and the sodium dihydrogen phosphate generated
Product is unstable, causes production cost too high.
The present inventor passes through research repeatedly and the experiment preparing sodium dihydrogen phosphate technology and document,
Propose and a kind of can prepare coproduction cowpea composite fertilizer special while high-purity phosphoric acid sodium dihydrogen
Method, sufficiently make use of resource, reduces cost.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides one and prepare sodium dihydrogen phosphate coproduction cowpea
The preparation method of beans composite fertilizer special, it has, and environmental pollution is low, equipment requirement is low, produce into
This low, sodium dihydrogen phosphate product purity advantages of higher, and the cowpea composite fertilizer special energy of by-product
Enough being fully absorbed by cowpea, composite fertilizer's nutrient collocation is proper, has certain value of environmental protection
And economic worth.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of method preparing sodium dihydrogen phosphate coproduction cowpea composite fertilizer special, the method include with
Lower step:
(3) intermediate is prepared in reaction: mix with phosphoric acid 1.4:1.7-2.2 in molar ratio with urea,
Temperature rises to 125-131 DEG C, and mixing speed is 63-69r/min stirring reaction 2.3h, separates
To intermediate;
(4) sodium dihydrogen phosphate is prepared: by intermediate and NaOH hybrid reaction, control PH
Value is 3.4-3.9, obtains, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the mother liquor of sodium, being put by mother liquor after reaction 70-84min
Decrease temperature crystalline in cooler crystallizer, is monitored mother liquor analyzing, when nitrogen content is simultaneously
15.3-15.6%, phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.3-7.6%, when sodium content is 4.3-4.6%, stops
Only crystallizing and filter, the filter cake obtained is i.e. sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
(5) cowpea composite fertilizer special is prepared: in the filtrate obtained, add the unit needed for cowpea
Element, and take the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min that filtrate is warming up to 25 DEG C to be dried, it is dried
After 45min, when water content is 3.5%, obtain cowpea composite fertilizer special finished product.
In described step a, the intermediate of isolated is urea phosphate.
In described step a, urea is that urea solid reacts with phosphoric acid solution with the reaction of phosphoric acid.
In described step a, the concentration of phosphoric acid is 69-74%.
In described step b, intermediate is intermediate solid and NaOH with the reaction of NaOH
The sodium hydroxide solution reaction obtained after dissolving.
In described step b, the chilling temperature of crystallisation by cooling is 20-23 DEG C.
In described step c, the element needed for cowpea is potassium, calcium, zinc.
In described step c, cowpea composite fertilizer special is compound state Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, in its composition containing with
Lower N P and K compound state structural formula:
Wherein, the dotted line between carbon atom and oxygen atom represents that C is former
Coordinate bond is there is between son and O atom.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: use this method to prepare sodium dihydrogen phosphate and not only there is energy
Consume the advantages such as low, preparation technology circuit is simple, equipment requirement is low, and in whole preparation process
Get rid of without the three wastes, efficiently avoid the pollution to environment, the sodium dihydrogen phosphate purity prepared
More up to arrive industrial standard, and by the mother liquor produced during preparing sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Carry out temperature, the control of nutrient interpolation and adjustment to be prepared as meeting the special multiple of cowpea growth
Hefei, uses this composite fertilizer can also improve the yield of cowpea, improves economic worth, it is to avoid fertile
The pollution to soil of the material residual, raw material is fully utilized, and reduces cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme is further described, but claimed
Scope be not limited to described.
Reaction principle illustrates:
Urea generates urea phosphate, urea phosphate meeting under containing phosphoric acid and hot environment with phosphatase reaction
Form the ion double salt that a kind of positive and negative charge attracts mutually, and urea phosphate ion double salt exists at phosphoric acid
In the environment of, H therein2NCONH3 +Ion is close with phosphoric acid, forms C → O coordinate bond
Intermediate-ion, is CO5PN2H8 +Ion, and then make in urea phosphate intermediate containing a large amount of
H2PO4 -And CO5PN2H8 +Ion, when adding appropriate sodium ion, dihydrogen phosphate with
Sodium ion forms biphosphate sodium crystal and is precipitated, and is subsequently adding potassium ion and CO5PN2H8 +
Ionic reaction, and displace part NH4+ so that containing CO in solution5PNH4K+Double salt from
Son, by adjusting element, last dried filtrate can obtain composite fertilizer.Concrete reactional equation
Formula is as follows:
Reaction equation one:
H2PO3+CO(NH2)2—CO(NH2)2·H3PO4
Reaction equation two:
CO(NH2)2·H3PO4—H2NCONH3 ++H2PO4 -
Reaction equation three:
H2PO4 -+Na+—NaH2PO4
Reaction equation four:
Reaction equation five:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated:
Embodiment 1
A kind of method preparing sodium dihydrogen phosphate coproduction cowpea composite fertilizer special, the method include with
Lower step:
Intermediate is prepared in a, reaction: be 69% phosphoric acid 1.4:1.7 in molar ratio with urea with concentration
Mixing, rises to 125 DEG C by temperature, and mixing speed is 63r/min stirring reaction 2.3h, separates
To intermediate;
B, prepare sodium dihydrogen phosphate: by intermediate and NaOH hybrid reaction, control pH value
It is 3.4, obtains containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the mother liquor of sodium after reaction 72min, mother liquor is placed in cooling knot
Controlling temperature in brilliant device is 20 DEG C of decrease temperature crystallines, is monitored mother liquor analyzing, when nitrogen contains simultaneously
Amount is 15.3%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.3%, when sodium content is 4.3%, stops crystallization
And filter, the filter cake obtained is i.e. sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, prepare cowpea composite fertilizer special: add in the filtrate obtained the potassium needed for cowpea,
Calcium, Zn-ef ficiency, and take the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min that filtrate is warming up to 25 DEG C to be dried,
After being dried 45min, when water content is 3.5%, obtain cowpea composite fertilizer special finished product.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method preparing sodium dihydrogen phosphate coproduction cowpea composite fertilizer special, the method include with
Lower step:
Intermediate is prepared in a, reaction: be 70% phosphoric acid 1.4:1.8 in molar ratio with urea with concentration
Mixing, rises to 126 DEG C by temperature, and mixing speed is 64r/min stirring reaction 2.3h, separates
To intermediate;
B, prepare sodium dihydrogen phosphate: by intermediate and NaOH hybrid reaction, control pH value
It is 3.5, obtains containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the mother liquor of sodium after reaction 74min, mother liquor is placed in cooling knot
Controlling temperature in brilliant device is 20 DEG C of decrease temperature crystallines, is monitored mother liquor analyzing, when nitrogen contains simultaneously
Amount is 15.3%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.4%, when sodium content is 4.4%, stops crystallization
And filter, the filter cake obtained is i.e. sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, prepare cowpea composite fertilizer special: add in the filtrate obtained the potassium needed for cowpea, calcium,
Zn-ef ficiency, and take the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min that filtrate is warming up to 25 DEG C to be dried, dry
After dry 45min, when water content is 3.5%, obtain cowpea composite fertilizer special finished product.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method preparing sodium dihydrogen phosphate coproduction cowpea composite fertilizer special, the method include with
Lower step:
Intermediate is prepared in a, reaction: be 71% phosphoric acid 1.4:1.9 in molar ratio with urea with concentration
Mixing, rises to 127 DEG C by temperature, and mixing speed is 65r/min stirring reaction 2.3h, separates
To intermediate;
B, prepare sodium dihydrogen phosphate: by intermediate and NaOH hybrid reaction, control pH value
It is 3.6, obtains containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the mother liquor of sodium after reaction 76min, mother liquor is placed in cooling knot
Controlling temperature in brilliant device is 21 DEG C of decrease temperature crystallines, is monitored mother liquor analyzing, when nitrogen contains simultaneously
Amount is 15.4%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.3%, when sodium content is 4.5%, stops crystallization
And filter, the filter cake obtained is i.e. sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, prepare cowpea composite fertilizer special: add in the filtrate obtained the potassium needed for cowpea, calcium,
Zn-ef ficiency, and take the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min that filtrate is warming up to 25 DEG C to be dried, dry
After dry 45min, when water content is 3.5%, obtain cowpea composite fertilizer special finished product.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method preparing sodium dihydrogen phosphate coproduction cowpea composite fertilizer special, the method include with
Lower step:
Intermediate is prepared in a, reaction: be 72% phosphoric acid 1.4:2 in molar ratio with urea with concentration
Mixing, rises to 128 DEG C by temperature, and mixing speed is 66r/min stirring reaction 2.3h, separates
To intermediate;
B, prepare sodium dihydrogen phosphate: by intermediate and NaOH hybrid reaction, control pH value
It is 3.7, obtains, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the mother liquor of sodium, mother liquor being placed in cooling after reaction 70-84min
Controlling temperature in crystallizer is 22 DEG C of decrease temperature crystallines, is monitored mother liquor analyzing simultaneously, works as nitrogen
Content is 15.5%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.3%, when sodium content is 4.3%, stops knot
Crystalline substance also filters, and the filter cake obtained is i.e. sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, prepare cowpea composite fertilizer special: add in the filtrate obtained the potassium needed for cowpea,
Calcium, Zn-ef ficiency, and take the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min that filtrate is warming up to 25 DEG C to be dried,
After being dried 45min, when water content is 3.5%, obtain cowpea composite fertilizer special finished product.
Embodiment 5
A kind of method preparing sodium dihydrogen phosphate coproduction cowpea composite fertilizer special, the method include with
Lower step:
Intermediate is prepared in a, reaction: be 73% phosphoric acid 1.4:2.1 in molar ratio with urea with concentration
Mixing, rises to 130 DEG C by temperature, and mixing speed is 68r/min stirring reaction 2.3h, separates
To intermediate;
B, prepare sodium dihydrogen phosphate: by intermediate and NaOH hybrid reaction, control pH value
It is 3.8, obtains containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the mother liquor of sodium after reaction 80min, mother liquor is placed in cooling knot
Controlling temperature in brilliant device is 22 DEG C of decrease temperature crystallines, is monitored mother liquor analyzing, when nitrogen contains simultaneously
Amount is 15.5%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.5%, when sodium content is 4.5%, stops crystallization
And filter, the filter cake obtained is i.e. sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, prepare cowpea composite fertilizer special: add in the filtrate obtained the potassium needed for cowpea,
Calcium, Zn-ef ficiency, and take the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min that filtrate is warming up to 25 DEG C to be dried,
After being dried 45min, when water content is 3.5%, obtain cowpea composite fertilizer special finished product.
Embodiment 6
A kind of method preparing sodium dihydrogen phosphate coproduction cowpea composite fertilizer special, the method include with
Lower step:
Intermediate is prepared in a, reaction: be 74% phosphoric acid 1.4:2.2 in molar ratio with urea with concentration
Mixing, rises to 131 DEG C by temperature, and mixing speed is 69r/min stirring reaction 2.3h, separates
To intermediate;
B, prepare sodium dihydrogen phosphate: by intermediate and NaOH hybrid reaction, control pH value
It is 3.9, obtains containing nitrogen, phosphorus, the mother liquor of sodium after reaction 84min, mother liquor is placed in cooling knot
Controlling temperature in brilliant device is 23 DEG C of decrease temperature crystallines, is monitored mother liquor analyzing, when nitrogen contains simultaneously
Amount is 15.6%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.6%, when sodium content is 4.6%, stops crystallization
And filter, the filter cake obtained is i.e. sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
C, prepare cowpea composite fertilizer special: add in the filtrate obtained the potassium needed for cowpea,
Calcium, Zn-ef ficiency, and take the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min that filtrate is warming up to 25 DEG C to be dried,
After being dried 45min, when water content is 3.5%, obtain cowpea composite fertilizer special finished product.
Below in conjunction with specific experiment example, product and the technique effect of the present invention are made further
Bright.
Experimental example 1
The embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4, embodiment 5, enforcement
Example 6, in the cowpea composite fertilizer special prepared detect according to GB1887-2002 standard,
Its result is as shown in table 1:
The detection of content of element of table 1 cowpea of the present invention composite fertilizer special
Detection project |
Criterion of acceptability |
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 2 |
Embodiment 3 |
Embodiment 4 |
Embodiment 5 |
Embodiment 6 |
N P and K |
30% |
30.6% |
30.7% |
30.7% |
30.8% |
31% |
31.2% |
Nitrogen |
15% |
15.3% |
15.3% |
15.4% |
15.5% |
15.5% |
15.6% |
Phosphorus |
7% |
7.3% |
7.4% |
7.3% |
7.3% |
7.5% |
7.6% |
Potassium |
8% |
8% |
8% |
8% |
8% |
8% |
8% |
Water content |
≤ 10% |
3.5% |
3.5% |
3.5% |
3.5% |
3.5% |
3.5% |
By table 1 being appreciated that the constituent content of cowpea composite fertilizer special prepared by the present invention not
Only reach criterion of acceptability, and be much better than criterion of acceptability, illustrated that this composite fertilizer can meet cowpea
Nutrient demand, technique effect has and improves significantly.
Experimental example 2
The embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4, embodiment 5,
Embodiment 6, in the sodium dihydrogen phosphate product prepared by the detection method of GB 25564-2010
Detect.
Table 2 sodium dihydrogen phosphate of the present invention product purity detects
As can be seen from Table 2, the sodium dihydrogen phosphate that technical scheme is produced is not
Only reach criterion of acceptability, and the purity of product is the highest, illustrated that this method prepares di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen sodium product has the most progressive.
Experimental example 3
According to cowpea to the absorption of constituent content and output condition, to cowpea composite fertilizer special with general
Logical fertilizer compares experiment.Select improved seeds, use culturing and transplanting seedlings, identical with 9 block sizes
Soil, as cultivation experiments ground, is numbered A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, every respectively
Block experimental field in kinds 1200 grams, the sample plot of tri-labels of A, B, C is used common fertilizer
Material, the sample plot of six labels such as D, E, F, G, H, I is used respectively embodiment 1,
Cowpea prepared in embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4, embodiment 5, embodiment 6
Beans special fertilizer, contrast and experiment is as shown in table 3:
The common fertile and cowpea composite fertilizer special contrast to cowpea tree element absorption rate used by table 3
And the impact on cowpea yield
The cowpea composite fertilizer special that as can be seen from the above table prepared by the present invention can be abundant by cowpea
Absorption, and also rich in the nutrient needed for the cowpeas such as Ca, Zn, Na, to cowpea
Normal growth provides guarantee, improves cowpea growing way, adds the yield of cowpea, thus carries
High economic benefit.