A kind of compound method of Kidney bean special fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical technology field, more particularly to a kind of compound method of Kidney bean special fertilizer.
Background technology
Kidney bean also known as white kidney beans, frame beans, sword bean, French beans, beautiful beans and remove beans.Kidney bean is a kind of rare high potassium, Gao Mei, low
Sodium food, its medical value is also very high, nutritious, and protein content is higher than chicken, and calcium content is chicken more than 6 times, iron
Content is 4 times of chicken, and the B family vitamin contained by it is also above chicken.Therefore, Kidney bean is widely used, and market demand is more.
Requirement of the Kidney bean to soil property be not strict, but suitable growth is in the neutral loam that soil layer is deep, draining is good, organic matter is abundant.
Requirement to fertilizer is more with phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen is also required to.There is appropriate nitrogenous fertilizer to supply in Seedling Stage and pregnant flower bud phase, just can guarantee that rich
Production.According to statistics, every 1000 kilograms of products need 10.1 kilograms of absorbed nitrogen, 2.3 kilograms of phosphorus, 5.9 kilograms of potassium.At present, China's plantation dish
The fertilizer that beans are applied is usually urea, and the nutrient contained by it is mainly nitrogen, and other nutrients needed for Kidney bean growth contain
Amount is relatively low, is unfavorable for the growth of Kidney bean, reduces Kidney bean yield.And the fertilizer is difficult to be absorbed as far as possible by plant completely,
Cause element pollution environment, influence the soil property of soil.
Analyze, prepare special needed for Kidney bean grows therefore, there is researcher to grow required nutrient to Kidney bean
Fertilizer.For example, number of patent application discloses " special-purpose controlled-release fertilizer coated with resin for kidney bean and preparation method thereof " for 200610115544.2,
It grows required nutrient to have chosen thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping potassium nitrate, thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping nitric acid according to Kidney bean
The components such as ammonium, epoxy resin integument composite fertilizer, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer compounding is made, and effect of increasing production is good, but the technical difficulty prepared
Larger, production cost is higher, it is difficult to promote.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate be one kind can the field such as applicable industry, agricultural, tool has been widely used.Such as in industrial aspect master
Will as chemical raw material production, be agriculturally mainly used in the addition of feed and chemical fertilizer, in addition, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Food addition be can be also used for as raw material, improve food mouthfeel and quality, be the trace elements such as human body supplement potassium element.At present
For potassium dihydrogen phosphate product production method mainly have neutralisation, extraction, ion-exchange, double decomposition, crystallisation with
And electrolysis etc., the characteristics of neutralisation produces potassium dihydrogen phosphate neutralisation is that technological process is short, and technology maturation, equipment is few, product
Quality is high, and energy consumption is low, small investment.The method is using thermal phosphoric acid and potash as raw material, and production cost is high, it is difficult to agriculturally applying,
Mainly for the production of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of food, medicine and technical grade.Solvent extraction turns into purification of phosphoric acid most efficient method
One of, produced with phosphoric acid by wet process there is provided convenient.Using organic solvent extractionprocess, optionally to extracting, it can exclude
Type impurity ion in raw phosphoric acid, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate product quality produced is high, and energy consumption is low, but the phosphoric acid rate of recovery is low, You Jirong
Agent is expensive, has pollution to environment.Ion hands over can be obtained compared with pure phosphoric acid with most of impurity is removed in ammonia with phosphoric acid by wet process
Dihydro ammonium salt solution as ion exchange raw material, while replace the potassium hydroxide used in neutralisation with more cheap potassium chloride, with
Neutralisation has larger decline compared to production cost, but the evaporation capacity too major end item of the method needs to evaporate water, and energy consumption is too high, and resin
Expensive, one-time investment is larger.In addition, often production potassium dihydrogen phosphate wants the ammonium chloride weak solution of by-product, when yield is big after
Processing is pretty troublesome;Double decomposition is mainly prepared using phosphoric acid and sodium carbonate reaction and given birth to again with chlorination nak response after sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Into the technological process of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.The characteristics of method is that production equipment is simple, and reaction condition is gentle, easy to operate, without dirt
The product quality of dye, reliable in quality, but the method is not so good as neutralisation, can contain a small amount of sodium chloride.Chlorine is reclaimed in mother liquor after crystallization
Change sodium power consumption high, be worth low.
The improvement of above technology still has larger and difficulty, and its process regulation is bad, then can be in reaction
Middle other other products of generation, such as easily hydrolysis generates potassium phosphate,monobasic to potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water, causes potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Yield is relatively low, meanwhile, substantial amounts of waste and old material discharge is also had in whole production technology, it is difficult to which the zero-emission for solving pollutant is asked
Topic;Also, potassium dihydrogen phosphate product is also difficult to precipitation completely during precipitation is crystallized, but saturation state is in all the time
Saturated solution, then make it that content is larger in the solution for potassium dihydrogen phosphate, if depth crystallization is separated out, the biphosphate obtained
The purity of potassium product is poor, influences the quality of potassium dihydrogen phosphate product.Based on this, by property of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate as fertilizer
Matter carry out research and discussion, and combine it is substantial amounts of report from the point of view of, potassium dihydrogen phosphate have can be absorbed by plants reach 98% with
On property, and it is reported that common phosphate fertilizer is absorbed by crops utilization rate and is only capable of reaching 10-25%, common potash fertilizer is only capable of by crop
Absorb 45-60%, the nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea, carbon ammonium, which is only capable of being absorbed by crops, utilizes 20-46%;As can be seen here, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Utilization rate is absorbed by crops apparently higher than common azophoska.
There is the method for researcher's other chemical fertilizer of coproduction during potassium dihydrogen phosphate is prepared, for example, such as Patent No.
" co-production of a kind of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, S-based compound fertilizer and aluminium polychloride " disclosed in 200610048214.6, it is produced
S-based compound fertilizer and aluminium polychloride are produced during potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid by wet process is improved and prepares potassium dihydrogen phosphate product mistake
The influence problem of impurity, improves economic benefit in journey.But not seeing has any on by pin in composite fertilizer's preparation process
Enter row element collocation to the demand of crop, and be fabricated to the technical scheme of the composite fertilizer of compound state to exist.Preparing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
During hydrogen potassium product, potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystallization separates out the waste for the substantial amounts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate that can not exclusively cause, phosphoric acid
Potassium dihydrogen crystallization excessively again can bring a large amount of impurity into potassium dihydrogen phosphate product, then cause potassium dihydrogen phosphate product purity compared with
It is low.By being retrieved on the net, the patent document or report for solving the technical problem there is no.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of compound method of Kidney bean special fertilizer, to solve existing fertilizer
Middle nutrient collocation does not meet ratio of the Kidney bean to the demand of nutrient, causes the fertilizer applied to Kidney bean not by Kidney bean
Fully absorb, some of element compounds are remained in soil, change the structure of soil, pollute environment.Meanwhile, solve in system
During standby potassium dihydrogen phosphate product, potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystallization separates out the wave for the substantial amounts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate that can not exclusively cause
Take, potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystallization excessively can bring a large amount of impurity into potassium dihydrogen phosphate product again, then cause potassium dihydrogen phosphate product
The relatively low technical problem of purity.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs:
A kind of compound method of Kidney bean special fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material hybrid reaction:By phosphoric acid and phosphoamide using mol ratio as (1.2-1.4):1 is added to mixing in reactor,
Then the temperature of two mixtures is increased to 120-150 DEG C with 4 DEG C/min programming rate, stirring reaction 130-150min will
Temperature is cooled to after 35-45 DEG C centrifuges to obtain intermediate again;
(2) potassium dihydrogen phosphate is prepared:By the intermediate obtained in step (1) with alkaline potassium salt using mol ratio as 1:(1.1-
1.3) hybrid reaction in a kettle., using mixing speed as 200-250r/min stirring reaction 40-60min, and adjusts reaction
PH value is 8-9, after reaction terminates, and obtains the slurry of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium, the slurry is placed in into circulation crystallization process in cooler crystallizer,
Filtrate is tested and analyzed simultaneously, when it is that 2.8-3.1%, potassium content are 5.2-6% that nitrogen content, which is 5-6%, phosphorus content, in filtrate, is stopped
Only crystallize and filter, obtained filter cake is potassium dihydrogen phosphate product;
(3) Kidney bean special fertilizer is prepared:Micro member in other is added in filtrate into step (2) after filtering potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Plain compound is adjusted to the first finished product of Kidney bean special fertilizer, and first finished product is placed in baker, uses programming rate for 5 DEG C/min liters
Temperature is dried after 40-60min to 25-30 DEG C, and adjustment moisture is 3-5%, you can Kidney bean special fertilizer is made.
The intermediate is urea phosphate.
In the step (1), by phosphoric acid and phosphoamide using mol ratio as 1.3:1 is added to mixing in reactor, then with 4
DEG C/temperature of two mixtures is increased to 140 DEG C by min programming rate, temperature is cooled to after 40 DEG C by stirring reaction 140min
Intermediate is centrifuged to obtain again.
Nitrogen content is that 5.5%, phosphorus content is that 3%, potassium content is 5.5% in the filtrate.
In the step (2), mixing speed is 240r/min when intermediate and alkaline potassium salt react, and the reaction time is
50min, the pH value of reaction solution is 8.5.
The alkaline potassium salt is potassium hydroxide.
Described middle trace element compound is calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate.
The mol ratio of the intermediate and alkaline potassium salt is 1:1.2.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
It is first to prepare sodium dihydrogen phosphate with phosphoric acid and sodium carbonate reaction that 1. traditional double decomposition, which prepares potassium dihydrogen phosphate, so
Prepared again with sodium dihydrogen phosphate and chlorination nak response afterwards and contain a small amount of chlorine in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate product of production
Change potassium, cause the purity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate product not high, the present invention is using after phosphoric acid and phosphoamide, then with reactant and alkalescence potassium
Reactant salt prepares potassium dihydrogen phosphate, shortens technological process, and by being controlled to the various parameters in production process so that
The purity of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of production is higher, reaches more than 95%.
2. by the present invention in that the reaction solution for preparing Kidney bean special fertilizer first separates out potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and then adjust in reaction solution
The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium meets the ratio needed for Kidney bean growth, and the Kidney bean special fertilizer produced can more fully be inhaled by Kidney bean
Receive, with minimum fertilizers input, the most Kidney bean of output, with significant economic value.
3. there is no waste liquid discharge during present invention production Kidney bean special fertilizer, it will not cause environment pollution, with aobvious
The value of environmental protection of work, meanwhile, its raw material availability is a hundred per cent, makes the production cost of Kidney bean special fertilizer relatively low.
4. the Kidney bean special fertilizer of the present invention is compound state chemical mixed fertilizer, by parameter in production technology, that is, being exactly temperature, original
Expect the control of concentration and proportioning so that phosphoric acid with after urea reaction, generating urea phosphate product, urea phosphate product have in itself compared with
Strong acidity, and between phosphoric acid and urea it is the compound state double salt being combined together to form by way of coordinate bond, it is also
As crop fertilizer in conventional art, and crop compares urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrate etc. to the absorptivity of the compound state double salt
Preferably a kind of compound state special fertilizer of unitary, binary fertilizer absorptivity, however, the ring that this compound state double salt exists in phosphoric acid
Under border, at a temperature of 80-250 DEG C, it may occur that complicated decomposition polymerisation of complexity so that urea phosphate formation (H2PO4)-With
(H2NCONH3)+Two ions, (H2NCONH3)+Ion is approached with phosphoric acid, and in the environment of temperature is 80-160 DEG C, is formedIntermediate-ion and dihydrogen phosphate, and form between C and O coordinate bond, this intermediate-ion
It can chelate to form multielement intermediate-ion with centering element compound, and then can continue to the compound negatively charged with other
Or ion formation chelate, constituent content in double salt is improved, and then the nutrient that can be adjusted in the double salt of ion presence contains
Amount, meanwhile, the chelate can be hydrolyzed and by crop, and then effectively can provide fertilizer efficiency for a long time for crop again.
Embodiment
In order to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment is only to the invention for example, not being the step of not illustrating in limitation of the invention, embodiment
It is prior art, is not described in detail herein.
The present invention combines prior art literature by carrying out research and discussion to the mechanism that phosphoric acid and phosphoamide react
Solve, phosphoric acid is with phosphoamide reaction generation urea phosphate, its molecular formula:CO(NH2)2.H3PO4, in the environment of higher temperature,
Chemical bond meeting dialysis between H and O in phosphoric acid, hydrogen ion combines to form the ionic state containing positive charge with urea so that phosphorus
Sour urea forms the ion double salt that a kind of positive and negative charge mutually attracts, its mechanism structural response following expression:CO(NH2)2.H3PO4→
(H2PO4)-.(H2NCONH3)+。
Urea phosphate ion double salt is in the environment of phosphoric acid presence, (H therein2NCONH3)+Cation is approached with phosphoric acid, shape
It is (CO into the intermediate-ion of C → O coordinate bonds5PN2H8)+, and then to contain substantial amounts of (H in urea phosphate intermediate2PO4)-
(CO5PN2H8)+Ion, when adding excessive and appropriate potassium ion, dihydrogen phosphate and potassium ion formation biphosphate
Potassium crystal, which is precipitated, to be come, unnecessary potassium ion and (CO5PN2H8)+Ionic reaction, and displace part NH4 +So that contain in solution
(CO5PNH4K)+Double salt ion, and by test and analyze and control N in solution, P, K element content, in heat drying
Be made containing N, P, K element compound state composite fertilizer.
The present invention relates to main chemical reactions equation be:
Reaction equation one:
CO(NH2)2+H3PO4→CO(NH2)2.H3PO4
Reaction equation two:
Reaction equation three:
Wherein, the dotted line between carbon atom and oxygen atom represents there is coordinate bond between C atoms and O atom.
Reaction equation four:
Wherein, the dotted line between carbon atom and oxygen atom represents there is coordinate bond between C atoms and O atom.
It is described further below with embodiment come the production method to the present invention:
Embodiment one
A kind of compound method of Kidney bean special fertilizer, by phosphoric acid and phosphoamide using mol ratio as 1.2:1 be added in reactor mix
Close, the temperature of two mixtures is then increased to 120 DEG C with 4 DEG C/min programming rate, stirring reaction 130min is cold by temperature
But to centrifuging to obtain intermediate again after 35 DEG C;By the intermediate and potassium hydroxide using mol ratio as 1:1.1 mix in a kettle.
Reaction is closed, using mixing speed as 200r/min stirring reaction 60min, and it is 8 to adjust the pH value of reaction, after reaction terminates, is obtained
The slurry of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium, circulation crystallization process in cooler crystallizer is placed in by the slurry, while filtrate is tested and analyzed, when in filtrate
Nitrogen content is 5%, phosphorus content when to be 2.8%, potassium content be 5.2%, stops crystallizing and simultaneously filters, obtained filter cake is biphosphate
Potassium product;Calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate adjustment are added into the filtrate after filtering potassium dihydrogen phosphate
For the first finished product of Kidney bean special fertilizer, first finished product is placed in baker, uses programming rate to be warming up to 25 DEG C for 5 DEG C/min, done
After dry 60min, adjustment moisture is 5%, you can Kidney bean special fertilizer is made.
Embodiment two
A kind of compound method of Kidney bean special fertilizer, by phosphoric acid and phosphoamide using mol ratio as 1.4:1 be added in reactor mix
Close, the temperature of two mixtures is then increased to 150 DEG C with 4 DEG C/min programming rate, stirring reaction 150min is cold by temperature
But to centrifuging to obtain intermediate again after 45 DEG C;By the intermediate and potassium hydroxide using mol ratio as 1:1.1 mix in a kettle.
Reaction is closed, using mixing speed as 250r/min stirring reaction 40min, and it is 8.5 to adjust the pH value of reaction, after reaction terminates, is obtained
The slurry of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium is obtained, the slurry is placed in circulation crystallization process in cooler crystallizer, while testing and analyzing filtrate, works as filtrate
Middle nitrogen content is 6%, phosphorus content when to be 3.1%, potassium content be 6%, stops crystallizing and simultaneously filters, obtained filter cake is biphosphate
Potassium product;Calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate adjustment are added into the filtrate after filtering potassium dihydrogen phosphate
For the first finished product of Kidney bean special fertilizer, first finished product is placed in baker, uses programming rate to be warming up to 30 DEG C for 5 DEG C/min, done
After dry 40min, adjustment moisture is 3%, you can Kidney bean special fertilizer is made.
Embodiment three
A kind of compound method of Kidney bean special fertilizer, by phosphoric acid and phosphoamide using mol ratio as 1.3:1 be added in reactor mix
Close, the temperature of two mixtures is then increased to 140 DEG C with 4 DEG C/min programming rate, stirring reaction 140min is cold by temperature
But to centrifuging to obtain intermediate again after 35 DEG C;By the intermediate and potassium hydroxide using mol ratio as 1:1.2 mix in a kettle.
Reaction is closed, using mixing speed as 240r/min stirring reaction 50min, and it is 8.5 to adjust the pH value of reaction, after reaction terminates, is obtained
The slurry of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium is obtained, the slurry is placed in circulation crystallization process in cooler crystallizer, while testing and analyzing filtrate, works as filtrate
Middle nitrogen content is 5.5%, phosphorus content when to be 3%, potassium content be 5.5%, stops crystallizing and simultaneously filters, obtained filter cake is di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium product;Calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate are added into the filtrate after filtering potassium dihydrogen phosphate to adjust
The whole first finished product for Kidney bean special fertilizer, first finished product is placed in baker, uses programming rate to be warming up to 28 DEG C for 5 DEG C/min,
Dry after 50min, adjustment moisture is 4%, you can Kidney bean special fertilizer is made.
With reference to test example to the technique effect of technical solution of the present invention and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate product produced
Quality is verified:
Test example one
According to GBT268-1996《People's Republic of China's chemical industry standard》Feed grade potassium dihydrogen phosphate test experience side
Method, the quality for the product produced to embodiments of the invention one, embodiment two and embodiment three detects, its result
As shown in table 1.
The conventional method of table 1 produces the quality testing of potassium dihydrogen phosphate product and the ratio of its cost with embodiments of the invention
Relatively result:
|
Purity >=% |
Moisture≤% |
As≤% |
Pb≤% |
Embodiment one |
98.2 |
0.35 |
0.00072 |
0.0018 |
Embodiment two |
98.8 |
0.36 |
0.00076 |
0.0017 |
Embodiment three |
98.4 |
0.36 |
0.00065 |
0.0015 |
Standard |
98 |
0.5 |
0.001 |
0.002 |
As can be seen from the above table, the standard for the potassium dihydrogen phosphate product that technical scheme is produced can be approached
Feed grade potassium dihydrogen phosphate product, the purity of product is also higher, with significant progressive.
Test example two
One piece of vacant lot of 800 square metres of selection, is averaged and is divided into four parts, per 200 square metres of part, and is marked
For No. 1 ground, No. 2 ground, No. 3 ground and No. 4 ground.Choose the phaseolus vulgaris seeds of full seed respectively 1,2,3 and No. 4 plant on the ground, plant
Dressed seed before planting with nitragin, and in the sufficient farm manure of pool bottom application.By taking the weather conditions of Guizhou as an example, the time of plantation is March, is planted
The line-spacing of plant is 1 meter, and spacing in the rows is 0.4 meter, and 3 phaseolus vulgaris seeds are planted per the pool.Respectively applied once in the early flowering season and fruiting period of Kidney bean
Fertilizer, dose is identical twice and is 4kg.Wherein, the fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention one is all applied on No. 1 ground twice, and No. 2 ground are twice all
Using the fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention two, the fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention three is all applied on No. 3 ground twice, and No. 4 ground are applied high nitrogen and answered
Expect that nitrogen content is 25% in the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and phosphorus content is 15%, and potassium content is 11% in Hefei.
Experimental result is:No. 1 harvests Kidney bean green bean 598kg, No. 2 ground harvest Kidney bean green bean 613kg, No. 3 ground harvests on the ground
Kidney bean green bean 624kg, No. 4 ground harvest Kidney bean green bean 505kg.As can be seen here, volume increase of the Kidney bean special complex fertilizer to Kidney bean is imitated
Clearly, every mu of ground about increases production 350kg to fruit.Therefore, the Kidney bean special fertilizer is adapted to promote the use of.