CN104315505A - 循环流化床锅炉 - Google Patents

循环流化床锅炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104315505A
CN104315505A CN201410544137.3A CN201410544137A CN104315505A CN 104315505 A CN104315505 A CN 104315505A CN 201410544137 A CN201410544137 A CN 201410544137A CN 104315505 A CN104315505 A CN 104315505A
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China
Prior art keywords
air
fluidized bed
boiler
circulating fluidized
air cap
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CN201410544137.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
张淑芬
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Shaanxi Qiyuan Technology Development Co Ltd
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Shaanxi Qiyuan Technology Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201410544137.3A priority Critical patent/CN104315505A/zh
Publication of CN104315505A publication Critical patent/CN104315505A/zh
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F23J3/02Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
    • F23J3/026Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys cleaning the chimneys

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

本发明循环流化床锅炉涉及机械装备领域,具体涉及循环流化床锅炉,包括炉腔、返料装置及自前向后依次布置燃烧室、旋风分离器、尾部烟道,炉膛为全悬吊的水冷壁,水冷壁布风板上均匀布置有风帽,在尾部烟道上方悬吊有高温过热器;低温过热器、省煤器、空预器为支撑结构;锅炉采用全钢架结构,炉前向后共设置有四排排立柱,其特征在于所述风帽改为小钟罩式风帽,风帽上端通过夹套连接有一风帽头,本发明结构合理,易于更换风帽,彻底解决风帽磨损和风室倒灰问题,且给风稳定,返料运行稳定,能保证整个燃烧系统运行平稳。

Description

循环流化床锅炉
技术领域
本发明涉及机械装备领域,具体涉及循环流化床锅炉。
技术背景
作为新一代的洁净煤技术,循环流化床燃烧技术已在世界范围内得到广泛应用。循环流化床锅炉的低温燃烧特性使得脱硫过程得以在燃烧区内进行。循环流化床锅炉炉膛内含有大量的物料,在燃烧过程中大量的物料被烟气携带到炉膛上部,经过布置在炉膛出口的分离器,将物料与烟气分开,并经过非机械式回送阀将物料回送至床内,实现多次循环燃烧。由于物料浓度高,具有很大的热容量和良好的物料混合,这些循环物料带来了高传热系数,使锅炉热负荷调节范围广,对燃料的适应性强。循环流化床锅炉采用比鼓泡床更高的流化速度,而不像鼓泡床一样有一个明显的床面,由于床内强烈的湍流和物料循环,加强燃料的混合并延长了燃料在炉膛内的停留时间,因此比鼓泡床具有更高的燃烧效率,在低负荷下能稳定运行,而无需增加辅助燃料。循环流化床锅炉还具有高的燃烧效率、可以燃用劣质燃料、锅炉负荷调节性好、灰渣易于综合利用等优点,因此,在世界范围内得到了迅速发展。
但是现有循环流化床锅炉常常出现风帽磨损和风室倒灰严重,,运行高温状态下易发生弯曲变形,使用可靠性较差;返料风采用一次风并联提供,调整一次风的过程中同时影响返料风的供给,操作不当容易造成返料不稳、返料时断时续和返料器超温结焦现象的发生。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供一种结构合理,易于更换风帽,彻底解决风帽磨损和风室倒灰问题,且给风稳定,返料运行稳定,保证整个燃烧系统运行平稳的循环流化床锅炉。
本发明循环流化床锅炉,包括炉腔、返料器、低温过热器、省煤器、空气预热器及自前向后依次布置燃烧室、旋风分离器、尾部烟道,炉膛为全悬吊的水冷壁,水冷壁布风板上均匀布置有风帽,在尾部烟道上方悬吊有高温过热器;所述低温过热器、省煤器、空气预热器为支撑结构;锅炉采用全钢架结构,炉前向后共设置有四排排立柱,风帽改为小钟罩式风帽,风帽上端通过夹套连接有一风帽头。
优选地,所述风帽内设置有一内管芯。
优选地,所述尾部烟道的低温过热器上方和两极低温省煤器上方部位设有六个蒸汽吹灰器。
本发明结构合理,易于更换风帽,彻底解决风帽磨损和风室倒灰问题,且给风稳定,返料运行稳定,能保证整个燃烧系统运行平稳。 
附图说明
图1为循环流化床锅炉结构示意图。
附图标记:1-炉腔,2-返料器,3-燃烧室,4-旋风分离器,5-风帽,6-蒸汽吹灰器,7-省煤器,8-空气预热器。
具体实施方式
本发明循环流化床锅炉,包括炉腔1、返料器2及自前向后依次布置燃烧室3、旋风分离器4、尾部烟道,炉膛1为全悬吊的水冷壁,水冷壁布风板上均匀布置有风帽5,在尾部烟道上方悬吊有高温过热器;低温过热器、省煤器7、空气预热器8为支撑结构;锅炉采用全钢架结构,炉前向后共设置有四排排立柱,风帽5改为小钟罩式风帽,风帽上端通过夹套连接有一风帽头,所述风帽内设置有一内管芯,迷宫结构彻底解决倒渣问题,较小的体积和小孔直径使风帽头磨损大大减轻,夹套的设置彻底避免了内管芯磨损,卡槽连接方便了帽头更换,易损件仅为夹套和风帽头,浇注料和内管芯为终身寿命。
采用J型自平衡返料阀锅炉返料系统由单独的罗茨风机供风,完全与一次风系统分开,原返料器风管结构更换为风帽结构。一方面,一次风系统的调整不再影响到返料风压的变化,从而在运行操作中可以降低一次风风室风压,实现节电效果,而且床料降低后减轻了炉膛磨损,锅炉可用率提高。另一方面,返料风由单独的罗茨风机提供,给风稳定,返料运行稳定,保证整个燃烧系统运行平稳。
尾部烟道的低温过热器上方和两极低温省煤器上方部位设有六个蒸汽吹灰器6,运行过程中定期对受热面积灰进行吹扫,保证换热效果,提高锅炉运行经济性。

Claims (3)

1.一种循环流化床锅炉,包括炉腔(1)、返料器(2)、低温过热器、省煤器(7)、空气预热器(8)及自前向后依次布置燃烧室(3)、旋风分离器(4)、尾部烟道,所述炉膛为全悬吊的水冷壁,水冷壁布风板上均匀布置有风帽(5),在尾部烟道上方悬吊有高温过热器;所述低温过热器、省煤器(7)、空气预热器(8)为支撑结构;锅炉采用全钢架结构,炉前向后共设置有四排排立柱,其特征在于所述风帽(5)为小钟罩式风帽,风帽(5)上端通过夹套连接有一风帽头。
2.如权利要求1所述循环流化床锅炉,其特征在于所述风帽内设置有一内管芯。
3.如权利要求1所述循环流化床锅炉,其特征在于所述尾部烟道的低温过热器上方和两极低温省煤器上方部位设有六个蒸汽吹灰器(6)。
CN201410544137.3A 2014-10-15 2014-10-15 循环流化床锅炉 Pending CN104315505A (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105180157A (zh) * 2015-09-29 2015-12-23 河北鑫华新锅炉制造有限公司 一种锅壳式火管循环流化床锅炉
CN110107891A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-08-09 联盛纸业(龙海)有限公司 一种提高造纸厂锅炉炉膛物料循环的方法
CN116892722A (zh) * 2023-07-10 2023-10-17 哈尔滨红光锅炉总厂有限责任公司 一种纯燃煤粉循环流化床系统

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105180157A (zh) * 2015-09-29 2015-12-23 河北鑫华新锅炉制造有限公司 一种锅壳式火管循环流化床锅炉
CN110107891A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-08-09 联盛纸业(龙海)有限公司 一种提高造纸厂锅炉炉膛物料循环的方法
CN110107891B (zh) * 2019-05-30 2021-09-03 联盛纸业(龙海)有限公司 一种提高造纸厂锅炉炉膛物料循环的方法
CN116892722A (zh) * 2023-07-10 2023-10-17 哈尔滨红光锅炉总厂有限责任公司 一种纯燃煤粉循环流化床系统
CN116892722B (zh) * 2023-07-10 2024-05-10 哈尔滨红光锅炉总厂有限责任公司 一种纯燃煤粉循环流化床系统

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Application publication date: 20150128