CN1043094C - 数据库存储空间最优化的方法 - Google Patents

数据库存储空间最优化的方法 Download PDF

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CN1043094C
CN1043094C CN93120751A CN93120751A CN1043094C CN 1043094 C CN1043094 C CN 1043094C CN 93120751 A CN93120751 A CN 93120751A CN 93120751 A CN93120751 A CN 93120751A CN 1043094 C CN1043094 C CN 1043094C
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B·E·S·拉松
I·M·桑谢斯
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
    • G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
    • G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
    • G06F11/1448—Management of the data involved in backup or backup restore
    • G06F11/1451—Management of the data involved in backup or backup restore by selection of backup contents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/901—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G06F16/9017—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures using directory or table look-up
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/953—Organization of data
    • Y10S707/955—Object-oriented
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
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Abstract

当往主存储器中存入后备数据时，以下列方式使存储空间达到最佳状态；只在主存储器的存储单元中存储相同的目标复制品，且使数据库能存取后备用(4)中的目标。
更具体地说，在主存储器的后备区(4)中只存储那些自最近后备操作以来未经更新的目标，在数据库区(2)中只存储经更新的目标。后备区受到写保护。

Description

数据库存储空间最优化的方法
本发明涉及一种在主存储器中存储后备数据的方法。
主存储后备操作是在给定时刻和所有的目标处在一致状态时冻结数据库中的全部数据。这种后备操作可以按许多不同的方式进行，这视乎有效利用率方面的要求和差错容限特性而定。若数据库由配备有后备存储器的容错计算机组成，则后备擞据和记录可以存入同一台计算机中。若计算机不是容错计算机因而在出差错时必须关机，则后备数据和记录可以存入两台冗余计算机中。
数据库通常具有复原功能，担负起使存储在数据库中的数据始终如一(即在不同更新过程中处在预期的状态)的任务。
为了能从写错数据库的差错状态恢复过来，需要存储后备复制品。后备数据含有所有能使数据库进入制造后备复制品时所存在的同一稳定状态所需要的信息。使数据库重新进入有关状态需要来自记录的信息。
使擞据库恢复原状的一般对策概括起来如下：
当数据库因严重差错而变得不一致时，复原功能就命令数据库再装入最新的后备复制品中重新启动。为了能恢复到更恰当的状态，这时可以用记录中存储的信息(即存储在存储器中早先各项操作的档案)更新数据库，复原功能即利用该记录重复最新收到的事务处理，即数据库中各目标的处理。这里目标一词具有数据处理技术中传统上采用的意义。简单地说，目标是说明其有关的信息就如何处理的信息包。目标按其应用范围分成许多等级，并用目标个性加以识别。有关目标一词及其使用方法更详细的说明，可参看例如Peter Coad和EdwardYourdon写的跃旦出版社计算机丛书《从目标出发进行的分析》(Object-Oriented Analysis)一书。
更新某一目标时，先将原来的目标复制出来并加以锁定，以防其它使用数据库的人对该数据库进行更新。履行所委托的事务之后，才切换到经更新的副本并解除上述锁定，这就是说，程序或操作人员所使用的事务操作表明，目前的事务已经结束，但其作用仍然保持。
重新装入数据库再启动时，副本目标或那些无需后备处理的目标都被清除掉。
对有效利用率的各项高要求可以通过在计算机的主存储器中存储最新形式的后备数据和记录来满足。较久的后备复制品用后备档案库存储器存储起来。
由于存储技术的迅速发展，现在可以以合理的价格获取大型主存储器数据库。但需要在数据库中存储大量数据时，重要的一点还是要节约存储空间。作为数据库存放在同一计算机的后备数据和记录可能起码对存储器的要求提高例如两倍。
现行解决主存储器后备操作问题的办法通常是基于这样的概念，即既可以在数据库区也可以在后备区找到数据库的所有的目标。这也适用于那些在各后备操作期之间没有改变的那些目标数据。
从世界知识产权组织文献WO84/00426知道，不同关系的复制品可以存入不同的数据库位置。可以设想，把不同的关系规定为不同的目标。也有存取块来确定数据库位置及其所在点。更新时，用新的存取块将新关系复制品(目标)存入新的数据库位置。这样，虽然后备操作中使用了某一存取结构，但并未使用从后备区复制的整个存取结构将经收集的数据库重新存到数据库区，以便用那些存入记录中的改变更新数据库区。
此外，从欧洲专利444,544还知道更新或恢复数据的作法。在此情况下，用多个指示器来指出不同的数据范围。各指示器是更新时使用的。因此，该专利公开了用存取结构转移所指示的目标以便进行更新的作法，但没有谈到从后备区将存取结构转移到数据库区，以便随存储在记录中的改变更新数据库区。
本发明的目的是提供本说明书开端所述的那一种方法，用该方法使数据库中主存储器的使用过程达到最佳状态。
按照本发明，上述目的是这样达到的：只将各相同的目标复制品存入主存储器中的一存储单元，在主存储器的后备区只存储自最近后备操作以来未经更新的那些目标，并只将经更新的目标存入数据库，
在再装入数据库时只将存取结构从后备区复制到数据库区，
而且使数据库能在后备区中存取目标。
本发明有许多重要的好处。
由于只有那些自最近后备操作以来改变过的目标存入数据库区中，因而节约了存储空间，从而降低了计算机的制造成本。
再装入时，由于所有经改变的目标存入数据库区中，因而可以获得特性增益而不致丢失后备数据。各目标是在数据库区中擦拭掉的，只有存取结构从后备区复制到数据库区，且读取记录。
可以对后备数据进行写保护。
现在参看附图更详细地说明本发明的内容。附图中：
图1示意示出了公知的解决主存储器后备问题的办法；
图2以图1同样的方式示意示出了本发明的原理。
图1旨在表示公知的解决办法，图中分成两部分：部分2和部分4，分别示意表示计算机主存储器中的数据库区和后备区。相应的目录6和8与各区有关，目录中列有目标连同相关的级别和关键词一览表。在知道有关的级别和关键词的情况下，分别借助于指示器10和12可以选取待处理的目标。从图中可以看到，各目录包括例如四个目标A、B、C、D。最近后备操作以来经过更新的那些目标，图中用角撇号表示。目标A和C自最近后备操作以来已更新为A’和C’，目标B和D则没有更新过。
图1示出了公知解决办法的特点，即数据区2和后备区4一起含有全部目标的复制副本，甚至包括那些在两次后备操作之间未改变的目标。
图2中那些与图1中相当的元件用同样的符号表示。图2示出了本发明的特点，即相同的目标复制品只存入主存储器中的一个存储单元中，且数据库是为存取后备区中的各目标而设的。这样，不同的目标复制品就存储在主存储器的不同存储单元中。在最佳实施例的情况下，只有那些自最近后备操作以来已更新的目标存入数据库2中，而只有未更新的目标存入后备区4中。改变数据库的目的是要指出后备区4中那些受到写保护但可以读出数据的目标。
更具体地说，只有经更新的目标A’和C’存入数据库区2中，目标A、B、C和D则存入后备区4中，以及改变数据库，以便指出后备区4中的目标B和D，分别如箭头14和16所示。

Claims (3)

1．一种把后备数据存入主存储器中的方法，其特征在于，
通过只将那些自最后备操作以来未经更新的目标存入后备区，而只将相同的目标复制品存入主存储器中的一个存储单元中，同时在数据库区只存储经过更新的目标；
再装数据库时，只将存取结构从后备区复制到数据库区；且
使数据库能存取后备区中的目标。
2．根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，对后备区进行写保护。
3．根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，随着记录中存储的改变而更新数据库区。
CN93120751A 1992-12-08 1993-12-08 数据库存储空间最优化的方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1043094C (zh)

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ES2130395T3 (es) 1999-07-01
DE69324501D1 (de) 1999-05-20
AU671513B2 (en) 1996-08-29
CN1092887A (zh) 1994-09-28
EP0673527B1 (en) 1999-04-14
BR9307609A (pt) 1999-08-31
KR100280221B1 (ko) 2001-02-01
WO1994014124A1 (en) 1994-06-23
DK0673527T3 (da) 1999-10-25
NO952201L (no) 1995-06-02
JPH08504528A (ja) 1996-05-14
SE9203692L (sv) 1994-06-09
AU5663194A (en) 1994-07-04
NO952201D0 (no) 1995-06-02
NO310488B1 (no) 2001-07-09
DE69324501T2 (de) 1999-08-12
US5745905A (en) 1998-04-28
SE9203692D0 (sv) 1992-12-08
SE500599C2 (sv) 1994-07-25
GR3030747T3 (en) 1999-11-30
FI952791A (fi) 1995-06-07
EP0673527A1 (en) 1995-09-27
KR950704748A (ko) 1995-11-20
FI952791A0 (fi) 1995-06-07
FI105858B (fi) 2000-10-13

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