CN104306908A - 用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物及其制备方法,属于中医药保健技术领域。该保健组合物包括以下重量份数的原料:百合20~30份、鱼腥草20~30份、干姜5~7份、苏子15~20份、莱服子15~20份、白芥子15~20份、杏仁15~20份、熟地15~20份、党参15~20份、沙参15~20份、金银花15~20份、桔梗15~20份、白芷10~15份、核桃仁15~20份;其中百合、鱼腥草、苏子、莱菔子、白芥子为主要原料,用以益肺、平喘、止咳和化痰,配以杏仁、熟地等,具有祛风散寒、益肺、解毒、止咳、平喘、化痰等功效,对上呼吸道和肺部具有保护作用,能有效预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,以及该保健组合物的制备方法,属于中医药保健技术领域。
背景技术
雾霾是特定气候条件与人类活动相互作用的结果,其主要组成为二氧化硫、氮氧化物以及可吸入颗粒物。空气中的灰尘、硫酸、硝酸等颗粒物组成的气溶胶系统造成视觉障碍的叫霾。当水汽凝结加剧,空气湿度增大时,霾就会转化为雾。雾霾天气是一种大气污染状态,其源头多种多样,如汽车尾气、工业排放、建筑扬尘、垃圾焚烧,甚至火山喷发等。雾霾天气通常是多种污染源混合作用形成的。
近年来,随着空气质量的恶化,雾霾天气频发,污染物随空气侵入人体呼吸道和肺叶,引起如咽喉炎、肺气肿、哮喘、鼻炎、支气管炎等呼吸系统疾病。目前,我国有多地是雾霾高发区,研制一种能有效预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物。
同时,本发明还提供一种用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法。
为了实现以上目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料:百合20~30份、鱼腥草20~30份、干姜5~7份、苏子15~20份、莱服子15~20份、白芥子15~20份、杏仁15~20份、熟地15~20份、党参15~20份、沙参15~20份、金银花15~20份、桔梗15~20份、白芷10~15份、核桃仁15~20份。
优选的,用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料:百合25份、鱼腥草25份、干姜6份、苏子18份、莱服子18份、白芥子18份、杏仁18份、熟地18份、党参18份、沙参18份、金银花18份、桔梗18份、白芷12份、核桃仁18份。
具体的,用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,还包括以下重量份数的原料:白茅根15~20份;白茅根优选18份。
各原料功效简述如下:
百合:为百合科百合属植物卷丹、百合、细叶百合等的鳞茎;鳞茎含皂苷如岷江百合苷A及D、百合皂苷、去乙酰百合皂苷等,又含1-O-阿魏酰甘油、1-O-对香豆酰甘油及β1-澳洲茄边碱等;性味甘、微苦,微寒,归心、肺经;能养阴润肺、清心安神;主治阴虚久咳、痰中带血、热病后期、余热未清,或情志不遂所致的虚烦惊悸、失眠多梦、精神恍惚,痈肿、湿疮;现代药理学证明百合具有镇咳、平喘、祛痰、抗应激性损伤、镇静催眠、降血糖、抗氧化及提高免疫功能等作用。
鱼腥草:为三白草科蕺菜属植物蕺菜的带根全草;其地上部分含有挥发油如癸酰乙醛、月桂醛、芳樟醇等,还含有甲基正壬基甲酮、月桂烯、柠檬烯、乙酸龙脑酯等,黄酮类如阿福豆苷、金丝桃苷、芸香苷等,有机酸如绿原酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸等,以及槲皮苷、异槲皮苷等多种有效成分;鱼腥草性味辛,微寒;归肺、膀胱、大肠经;能清热解毒,排脓消痈,利尿通淋;主治肺痈吐脓,肺热咳喘,喉蛾,痈肿疮毒,痔疮,热痢,热淋,水肿,带下,疥癣等;现代药理学证明鱼腥草能治疗肺部、耳鼻喉科炎症,预防钩端螺旋体病,治疗癌性胸水等。
干姜(白姜):为姜科姜属植物姜根茎的干燥品;含挥发性成分如α-姜烯、橙花醇、8-桉叶素、α-松油醇、龙脑、β-水芹烯、芳樟醇、莰烯、柠檬烯等,葵烷类化合物如6-姜辣二醇葡萄糖苷等,二芳基庚烷类成分如姜烯酮A-C、异姜烯酮B、六氢姜黄素等,还含有姜油树脂、姜油酮、姜辣酮、6-姜辣磺酸、姜糖脂A-C及硬毛钩藤烯醇等;性味辛、热,归脾、胃、心、肺经;能温中散寒、回阳通脉、温肺化饮;主治脘腹冷痛、呕吐、泄泻、亡阳厥逆、寒湿痹痛、寒阴喘咳;现代药理学证明干姜具有镇静、镇痛、抗炎、抗凝血、抗氧化等作用。
苏子(紫苏子):为唇形科紫苏属植物紫苏和野紫苏的果实;紫苏种子含蛋白质17%、油51.7%,油中富含不饱和脂肪酸和亚麻酸56.8%、亚油酸17.6%,紫苏种子含脂类25.7%,其中包括三酰甘油、二酰甘油、一酰甘油、甾醇、甾醇酯、结合脂及游离脂肪酸,结合脂中包含卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、单半乳糖基甘油二酯、脑苷脂、脑磷脂及磷脂酰丝氨酸,甾醇中主要为β-谷甾醇及豆甾醇,脂类的脂肪酸组成主要为十八碳三烯酸、十八碳二烯酸、十八碳一烯酸、十六碳酸及十八碳酸,种子还含栗木甾酮;苏子性味辛、温,归肺、大肠经;能降气、消痰、平喘、润肠;主治痰壅气逆、咳嗽气喘、肠燥便秘;现代药理学证明苏子具有抗癌等作用。
莱服子:为十字花科莱菔属植物莱菔的成熟种子;含有芥子碱和脂肪油,油中含有机酸类如芥酸、亚油酸、亚麻油等,还含有甾体类如菜子甾醇、22-去氢菜油甾醇等,另含莱菔素等活性成分;性味辛、甘、平,归脾、胃、肺、大肠经;能消食导滞、降气化痰;主治食积气滞、脘腹胀满、腹泻、下痢后重、咳嗽痰多、气逆喘满;现代药理学证明莱菔子具有抗菌、降压、促进胃肠蠕动等作用。
白芥子:为十字花科欧白芥属植物白芥的种子;种子含芥子油苷,内有白芥子苷,还含脂肪油、芥子酶、芥子碱和赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸等氨基酸,又含4-羟基苯甲酰胆碱、4-羟基苯甲胺;性味辛、温,归肺、胃经;能利气燥痰、散结消肿;主治咳喘痰多、胸满胁痛、肢体麻木、关节肿痛、湿痰流注、阴疽肿毒;现代药理学证明白芥子对呼吸系统有促进作用,能祛痰、平喘,还具有抗雄激素、抗炎等作用。
杏仁(苦杏仁):为蔷薇科杏属植物杏、野杏、山杏、东北杏的种子;含有苦味氰苷、酚酯类如苦杏仁苷、野樱苷等,脂肪油类如亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸等,酚酸类如绿原酸、新绿原酸等,蛋白质成分如KR-A、KR-B等,以及与杏仁香味有关的挥发性成分如苯甲醛、芳樟醇等多种有效成分;杏仁性味苦、微温、小毒,归肺、大肠经;能降气化痰、止咳平喘、润肠通便;主治外感咳嗽喘满、肠燥便秘等症;现代药理学证明杏仁具有止咳平喘、抗肿瘤、抗炎、镇痛等功效,对消化系统具有调节作用。
熟地:地黄为玄参科地黄属植物地黄的块根;含有环烯醚萜及其苷类如益母草苷、桃叶珊瑚苷、梓醇、地黄苷A、B、C、D等,紫罗兰酮苷如地黄紫罗兰苷A、B、C等,单萜苷如地黄苦苷,苯乙醇糖苷如洋地黄叶苷C等,苯丙醇糖苷如海胆苷等,还含有脑苷脂B1-b、脂肪酸如桂皮酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸等多种有效成分;性味甘、苦、微寒,归心、肝、肾经;能清血热、益阴血、通血脉;主治温病发热,黄疸,血热所致的吐血、衄血、崩漏、尿血、便血,消渴,骨蒸劳热,经闭,产后腹痛,痹痿,跌打损伤;现代药理学证明地黄具有抑瘤、抗炎、抗真菌、降血糖、保护胃粘膜等作用。熟地为生地黄经加工炮制而成,在生地中拌入黄酒,蒸至熟透呈黑色,切片即得;性味甘、微温,归肝、肾经,能补血养阴、填精益髓,甘温质润,补阴益精以生血,为养血补虚之要药。
党参:为桔梗科党参属植物党参、素花党参、川党参、管花党参、球花党参、灰毛党参的根;含有糖类如果糖、菊糖、多糖和4种杂多糖CP1、CP2、CP3、CP4,苷类如丁香苷、正己基-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷、乙基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷、党参苷,生物碱和含氮成分如胆碱、黑麦草碱等,还含有丁香醛、香草酸、2-呋喃羧酸、苍术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ等多种活性成分;党参性味甘,平,归脾、肺经;能健脾补肺、益气生津;主治脾胃虚弱、食少便溏、四肢乏力、肺虚喘咳、气短自汗、气血两亏诸证;现代药理学证明党参具有增强机体应激能力、增强机体免疫功能、延缓衰老、抗溃疡、抗肿瘤辅助作用等。
沙参:为桔梗科沙参属植物沙参、杏仁沙参、轮叶沙参及其同属数种植物的根;沙参根中分离得4种化合物,分别为β-谷甾醇、β-谷甾醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、蒲公英赛酮及二十八碳酸;性味甘、微苦,微寒,归肺、胃经;能养阴清热、润肺化痰、益胃生津;主治阴虚久咳、劳嗽痰血、燥咳痰少、虚热喉痹、津伤口渴;现代药理学证明沙参具有祛痰、抗真菌等作用,还能调节免疫功能。
金银花:为忍冬科忍冬属植物忍冬、华南忍冬、菰腺忍冬、黄褐毛忍冬的花蕾;含有酚酸类如绿原酸、异绿原酸,甾醇类如β-谷甾醇,挥发油类如芳樟醇、棕榈酸乙酯、亚麻酸乙酯等,黄酮类如木犀草苷、忍冬苷、金丝桃苷等多种有效成分;金银花性味甘,寒;归肺、胃经;能清热解毒;主治外感风热或温病发热,中暑,热毒血痢,痈肿疔疮,喉痹,多种感染性疾病等;现代药理学证明金银花具有抗病原微生物、抗毒、抗炎、降血脂等作用。
桔梗:为桔梗科桔梗属植物桔梗的根;含有皂苷如桔梗皂苷A、C、D、D2、D3等,皂苷元如桔梗皂苷元、远志酸等,次皂苷,甾醇类如α-菠菜甾醇等多种活性成分;性味苦、辛、平,归肺、胃经;能宣肺祛痰、利咽排脓;主治咳嗽痰多、咽喉肿痛、肺痈吐脓、胸满胁痛、痢疾腹痛等;现代药理学证明桔梗具有祛痰、镇咳、抗炎、抗溃疡、降血糖等功效,对心血管系统、中枢神经系统具有调节作用。
白芷:为伞形科当归属植物白芷和杭白芷的根;含有香豆素类如欧前胡内酯、异欧前胡内酯等,珊瑚菜素,白当归素等,还含有香豆素葡萄糖苷类如紫花前胡苷等多种活性成分;性味辛,温,归肺、脾、胃经;能祛风除湿、通窍止痛、消肿排脓;主治感冒头痛、眉棱骨痛、痈疽疮疡等,现代药理学证明白芷具有镇痛镇静、解热抗炎、抑制肿瘤、抗微生物等作用,还能抑制血小板聚集、扩张冠脉、兴奋呼吸中枢。
核桃仁(胡桃仁):为胡桃科核桃属植物胡桃的种仁;胡桃仁含粗蛋白22.18%,其中可溶性蛋白的组成以谷氨酸为主,其次为精氨酸和天冬氨酸,粗脂类64.23%,其中中性脂类占93.05%,中性脂类中三酰甘油82.05%、甾醇酯3.86%、游离脂肪酸4.80%、总脂和中性脂类中脂肪酸组成主要为亚油酸64.48%~69.95%和油酸13.89~15.36%,三酰甘油所含脂肪酸主要为亚麻酸,甾醇如β-谷甾醇,并有少量的菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、燕麦甾-5-烯醇、豆甾-7-烯醇,糖类13%,多种游离的必须氨基酸;性味甘、涩,温,归肾、肝、肺经;能补肾益精、温肺定喘、润肠通便;主治腰痛脚弱、尿频、遗尿、久咳喘促、肠燥便秘、石淋及疮疡瘰疬;现代药理学证明核桃仁具有抗癌等作用。
白茅根:为禾本科白茅属植物白茅的根茎;根茎含三萜化合物如芦竹素、印白茅素、薏苡素、羊齿烯醇、西米杜鹃醇、异山柑子萜醇,还含内酯类如白头翁素,有机酸类如cylindolA及B、cylidrene、对桂皮酸、棕榈酸,甾醇类如豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇,糖类如多量蔗糖、葡萄糖及少量果糖、木糖,有机酸类如枸橼酸、草酸及苹果酸;性味甘、寒,归心、肺、胃、膀胱经;能清热生津、凉血止血、利尿通淋;主治热病烦渴、肺热咳喘、胃热呕逆、血热出血、小便淋沥涩痛、水肿、黄疸;现代药理学证明白茅根具有利尿、促凝血、增强免疫功能等作用。
用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,可以采用常规方法制备成口服液、颗粒剂、粉剂、丸剂、片剂等剂型,也可直接冲泡后饮用。本发明仅分别提供一种口服液和颗粒剂的制备方法。
用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按照重量份数准确取各原料,加水煎煮提取2~3次,过滤,合并提取液即得。
所述煎煮提取的步骤为:第一次加4~5倍量的水,在80~90℃下提取50~70分钟,第二次加3~4倍量的水,在80~90℃下提取50~70分钟。
所述制备方法还包括以下步骤:在合并的提取液中加入辅料A,混匀后灌装、灭菌得到口服液;或将合并的提取液浓缩至原体积的60~70%,加入辅料B,喷雾干燥得到颗粒剂。
所述辅料A包括柠檬酸、食用香精等,添加量分别为提取液质量的0.3~0.8%。所述辅料B包括麦芽糊精、淀粉等,添加量为浓缩液质量的20~30%。
上述各原料中苏子、莱菔子、白芥子分别炒焦备用,其他原料按照《中华药典》中记载方法炮制。
口服液的用法与用量:每日350~500mL,分2~3次服用。
颗粒剂的用法与用量:每次6~9g,每日2次。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物采用百合、鱼腥草、苏子、莱菔子、白芥子为主要原料,用以益肺、平喘、止咳和化痰,配以杏仁止咳,熟地滋阴补肾而养血,党参健脾补气而平喘,金银花清热解毒而清肺热,桔梗润肺而止咳宽中,白芷祛风散寒而除湿,干姜祛寒而温中、降送止呕等;白茅根能清温败毒而利水清。诸原料合用具有祛风散寒、益肺、解毒、止咳、平喘、化痰等功效,对上呼吸道和肺部具有保护作用。另外原料中还含有强化营养活性成分,可增强机体免疫功能,起到预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的作用。
本发明中保健组合物采用煎煮方式提取,可有效保留原料中有效成分含量,且制备方法简单、易操作,适于大规模工业化生产及应用。由此制备的口服液及颗粒剂经人体试服可有效预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病,效果显著。
具体实施方式
下述实施例仅对本发明作进一步详细说明,但不构成对本发明的任何限制。
实施例1
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:百合20份、鱼腥草30份、干姜5份、苏子20份、莱服子15份、白芥子20份、杏仁15份、熟地20份、党参15份、沙参20份、金银花15份、桔梗20份、白芷10份、核桃仁15份。
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按照重量份数准确取各原料,粉碎后加水煎煮提取2次,第一次加5倍量的水,在80℃下提取70分钟,第二次加4倍量的水,在80℃下提取70分钟,过滤,合并提取液;在提取液中加入柠檬酸和食用香精,二者的加量分别为提取液质量的0.5%,混匀后灌装,灭菌得到口服液。
实施例2
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:百合25份、鱼腥草25份、干姜6份、苏子18份、莱服子18份、白芥子18份、杏仁18份、熟地18份、党参18份、沙参18份、金银花18份、桔梗18份、白芷12份、核桃仁18份。
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按照重量份数准确取各原料,粉碎后加水煎煮提取2次,第一次加5倍量的水,在85℃下提取60分钟,第二次加4倍量的水,在85℃下提取60分钟,过滤,合并提取液;在提取液中加入柠檬酸和食用香精,二者的加量分别为提取液质量的0.5%,混匀后灌装,灭菌得到口服液。
实施例3
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:百合30份、鱼腥草20份、干姜7份、苏子15份、莱服子20份、白芥子15份、杏仁20份、熟地15份、党参20份、沙参15份、金银花20份、桔梗15份、白芷15份、白茅根15份、核桃仁20份。
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按照重量份数准确取各原料,粉碎后加水煎煮提取2次,第一次加4倍量的水,在90℃下提取50分钟,第二次加3倍量的水,在90℃下提取50分钟,过滤,合并提取液;将提取液浓缩至60%体积,加入浓缩液质量28%的麦芽糊精,喷雾干燥得到颗粒剂。
实施例4
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:百合30份、鱼腥草30份、干姜7份、苏子20份、莱服子20份、白芥子20份、杏仁20份、熟地20份、党参20份、沙参15份、金银花20份、桔梗20份、白芷15份、白茅根20份、核桃仁20份。
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按照重量份数准确取各原料,粉碎后加水煎煮提取2次,第一次加5倍量的水,在85℃下提取60分钟,第二次加4倍量的水,在85℃下提取60分钟,过滤,合并提取液;将提取液浓缩至70%体积,加入浓缩液质量25%的麦芽糊精,喷雾干燥得到颗粒剂。
实施例5
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:百合30份、鱼腥草20份、干姜7份、苏子15份、莱服子20份、白芥子15份、杏仁20份、熟地15份、党参20份、沙参15份、金银花20份、桔梗15份、白芷15份、核桃仁20份。
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法同实施例3。
实施例6
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:百合20份、鱼腥草25份、干姜5份、苏子18份、莱服子15份、白芥子18份、杏仁15份、熟地18份、党参15份、沙参20份、金银花15份、桔梗18份、白芷10份、白茅根18份、核桃仁15份。
本实施例中用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
典型案例
案例1:李某,在校大学生,连日在雾霾天气晨起参加室外活动,出现胸闷、气短、咳嗽、喘息症状,听诊闻之呼吸音减弱,有少量肺泡音、哮呜音,遂服用本发明实施例2制备的口服液,每天350mL,分2次服用,连续服用7天,上述症状完全消失。
案例2:张某,高中生,连日在雾霾天气骑车上学,不戴口罩,课件多参加室外活动,出现咳嗽、喘息、畏寒症状,低烧37.5~38℃,遂服用本发明实施例3制备的颗粒剂,每次9g,每次2次,连续服用10天,上述症状完全消失。
案例3:张某,男,60岁,连日在雾霾天气晨起工作,出现胸闷、喘咳、头晕、四肢乏力症状,遂服用本发明实施例1制备的口服液,每日400mL,分3次服用,连续服用3周,上述症状完全消失。
Claims (10)
1.用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,其特征在于:包括以下重量份数的原料:百合20~30份、鱼腥草20~30份、干姜5~7份、苏子15~20份、莱服子15~20份、白芥子15~20份、杏仁15~20份、熟地15~20份、党参15~20份、沙参15~20份、金银花15~20份、桔梗15~20份、白芷10~15份、核桃仁15~20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,其特征在于:包括以下重量份数的原料:百合25份、鱼腥草25份、干姜6份、苏子18份、莱服子18份、白芥子18份、杏仁18份、熟地18份、党参18份、沙参18份、金银花18份、桔梗18份、白芷12份、核桃仁18份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,其特征在于:还包括以下重量份数的原料:白茅根15~20份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物,其特征在于:还包括以下重量份数的原料:白茅根18份。
5.一种如权利要求1~4任一项所述的用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:按照重量份数准确取各原料,加水煎煮提取2~3次,过滤,合并提取液即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述煎煮提取的步骤为:第一次加4~5倍量的水,在80~90℃下提取50~70分钟,第二次加3~4倍量的水,在80~90℃下提取50~70分钟。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:还包括以下步骤:在合并的提取液中加入辅料A,混匀后灌装、灭菌得到口服液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述辅料A包括柠檬酸和食用香精,二者的添加量分别为提取液质量的0.3~0.8%。
9.根据权利要求5所述的用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:还包括以下步骤:将合并的提取液浓缩至原体积的60~70%,加入辅料B,喷雾干燥得到颗粒剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于预防雾霾所致呼吸系统疾病的保健组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述辅料B为麦芽糊精和/或淀粉,其添加量为浓缩液质量的20~30%。
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