CN104306892A - Traditional Chinese medicine preparation for curing postpartum syndrome - Google Patents

Traditional Chinese medicine preparation for curing postpartum syndrome Download PDF

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CN104306892A
CN104306892A CN201410605302.1A CN201410605302A CN104306892A CN 104306892 A CN104306892 A CN 104306892A CN 201410605302 A CN201410605302 A CN 201410605302A CN 104306892 A CN104306892 A CN 104306892A
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chinese medicine
medicine preparation
blood
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郑琦
王剑飞
徐燕
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/66Papaveraceae (Poppy family), e.g. bloodroot
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
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    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
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    • A61K36/28Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
    • A61K36/285Aucklandia
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    • A61K36/286Carthamus (distaff thistle)
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    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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    • A61K36/88Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
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Abstract

The invention discloses traditional Chinese medicine preparation for curing postpartum syndrome. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation comprises the following raw materials in weight: 20 to 30 grams of corydalis tuber, 10 to 20 grams of cattail pollen, 10 to 20 grams of dried green orange peel, 10 to 20 grams of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 10 to 20 grams of resina toxicodendri, 10 to 20 grams of magnnolia hypoleuca, 10 to 20 grams of chuanxiong rhizome10 to 20 grams of shaved cinnamon bark, 10 to 20 grams of fructus ulmi macrocarpae, 8 to 15 grams of aucklandia root, 8 to 12 grams of curcuma root, 8 to 12 grams of motherwort, 8 to 12 grams of root-bark of peony, 8 to 12 grams of lycopus herb, 8 to 12 grams of Chinese angelica root, and 8 to 15 grams of safflower. The drugs are excellent in compatibility and together achieve purposes of tonifying qi, strengthening the body resistance, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, warming and invigorating kidney yang, and conditioning chongren disharmony, can not only cure various diseases caused by leprosy, blood cold, abnormal menstruation and sludged blood stagnation of women after postpartum, and also have double drug effects of nourishing body and improving disease resistance, and is worth of clinical promotion and application.

Description

A kind of Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of postpartum syndrome
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicines, is a kind of Chinese medicine preparation can treating women's postpartum syndrome.
Background technology
Postpartum syndrome refers to that women is in puerperal; physical weakness; resistivity is poor; often can cause various disease; as blood wind, cold in blood, blood stasis, cold etc.; thus cause blood fan bruise, have loose bowels, have a headache, numb hand and foot, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, typhoid fever, metrorrhagia, dysentery, skelalgia, constipation, lumbago, apoplexy, get ill from overeating, suffer from abdominal pain, agalactia, the disease such as QI and blood condensation.Some patient symptom not obvious at that time, just sensation is slightly uncomfortable, As time goes on ignore aggravation, have a strong impact on love life quality and happy family life.
No matter be Chinese traditional treatment or western medical treatment postpartum syndrome at present, all there is treatment disease single, the goodish problem of therapeutic effect.Disease instant effect for example more than western medical treatment, patient symptom is controlled very soon, plays the effect that shadow is shown in vertical rod, but there is the drawback of long-term agents dependence, and side effect is larger; Chinese traditional treatment, because puerperal disease morbidity case is many and pathomechanism is comparatively complicated, existing Chinese medicine preparation still can not meet clinical and needs that are market completely, therefore, invent a kind of desirable new Chinese medicine, thorough, quick, healing postpartum syndrome just seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the technical deficiency existed in treatment women's postpartum syndrome at present, provide a kind of determined curative effect, have no side effect, the high and Chinese medicine preparation not easily recurred of cure rate.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of postpartum syndrome, is characterized in that, described Chinese medicine preparation is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Rhizoma Corydalis 20-30 gram, Pollen Typhae 10-20 gram, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride 10-20 gram, Fructus Zanthoxyli 10-20 gram, Resina Toxicodendri 10-20 gram, dense plain 10-20 gram, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 10-20 gram, Cortex Cinnamomi 10-20 gram, pasta ulmi 10-20 gram, Radix Aucklandiae 8-15 gram, Radix Curcumae 8-12 gram, Herba Leonuri 8-12 gram, Cortex Moutan 8-12 gram, Herba Lycopi 8-12 gram, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 8-12 gram, Flos Carthami 8-15 gram.
As this kind of prioritization scheme:
Described Chinese medicine preparation is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Rhizoma Corydalis 20 grams, Pollen Typhae 10 grams, 10 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Zanthoxyli 10 grams, Resina Toxicodendri 10 grams, dense plain 10 grams, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 10 grams, Cortex Cinnamomi 10 grams, pasta ulmi 10 grams, the Radix Aucklandiae 8 grams, Radix Curcumae 8 grams, Herba Leonuri 8 grams, Cortex Moutan 8 grams, Herba Lycopi 8 grams, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 8 grams, 8 grams, Flos Carthami.
As this kind of prioritization scheme:
Described Chinese medicine preparation is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Rhizoma Corydalis 25 grams, Pollen Typhae 15 grams, 15 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Zanthoxyli 15 grams, Resina Toxicodendri 15 grams, dense plain 15 grams, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 15 grams, Cortex Cinnamomi 15 grams, pasta ulmi 15 grams, the Radix Aucklandiae 12 grams, Radix Curcumae 10 grams, Herba Leonuri 10 grams, Cortex Moutan 10 grams, Herba Lycopi 10 grams, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 grams, 12 grams, Flos Carthami.
As this kind of prioritization scheme:
Described Chinese medicine preparation is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Rhizoma Corydalis 30 grams, Pollen Typhae 20 grams, 20 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Zanthoxyli 20 grams, Resina Toxicodendri 20 grams, dense plain 20 grams, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 20 grams, Cortex Cinnamomi 20 grams, pasta ulmi 20 grams, the Radix Aucklandiae 15 grams, Radix Curcumae 12 grams, Herba Leonuri 12 grams, Cortex Moutan 12 grams, Herba Lycopi 12 grams, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 12 grams, 15 grams, Flos Carthami.
The instructions of taking of above-mentioned Chinese medicine preparation is: after being mixed by the raw material Chinese medicine of above-mentioned weight proportion, traditionally the method for fried Chinese medicine gets its medicine juice, every day 1 dose, point morning, late 2 decoction being taken warmly.It within 7 days, was 1 course for the treatment of.
The raw material Chinese medicine of above-mentioned Chinese medicine preparation:
Rhizoma Corydalis, acrid in the mouth, hardship, warm in nature; Return liver, stomach, the heart, lung, spleen channel.There is promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, effect of regulating QI to relieve pain.
Pollen Typhae, sweet in the mouth, property is put down; Return liver, pericardium channel.There is hemostasis with astringents, effect of promoting the circulation of blood blood stasis dispelling.
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, bitter in the mouth, warm in nature; Return liver, gallbladder meridian.There is soothing the liver dispelling the stagnated QI, effect of eliminating stagnation expectorant.
Fructus Zanthoxyli, bitter in the mouth, pungent, warm in nature; Return spleen, stomach, kidney channel.There is warming middle-JIAO to relieve pain, killing parasites for relieving itching, effect of dehumidifying antidiarrheal.
Resina Toxicodendri, acrid in the mouth, hardship, warm in nature; Return liver, stomach warp.There is removing blood stasis, effect of promoting blood circulation to restore menstrual flow.
Dense Piao, bitter in the mouth, slightly warm in nature; Return spleen, stomach warp.There is effect of regulating QI to expel dampness.
Rhizoma Chuanxiong, acrid in the mouth, warm in nature; Return liver, gallbladder, heart channel.There is blood-activating and qi-promoting, effect of wind-expelling pain-stopping.
Cortex Cinnamomi, acrid in the mouth, sweet, warm in nature; Return kidney, spleen, the heart, Liver Channel.There is benefit fire supporing yang, conducting fire back to its origin, dispersing cold for relieving pain, effect of promoting blood circulation to restore menstrual flow.
Pasta ulmi, bitter in the mouth, pungent, warm in nature; Return spleen, stomach warp.There is effect of killing insect and eliminating accumulation.
The Radix Aucklandiae, acrid in the mouth, hardship, warm in nature; Return spleen, stomach, liver, large intestine channel.There are promoting the circulation of QI to relieve pain, effect of strengthening the spleen to promote digestion.
Radix Curcumae, acrid in the mouth, hardship, cold in nature; Return liver, the heart, lung meridian.Have blood-activating and qi-promoting, cooling blood and relieving pain, resolving depression clears away heart-fire, effect of promoting the function of the gallbladder to alleviate jaundice.
Herba Leonuri, bitter in the mouth, pungent, cold nature; Return liver, pericardium channel.There is promoting blood flow to regulate menstruation, effect of inducing diuresis to remove edema.
Cortex Moutan, bitter in the mouth, pungent, cold in nature.Enter the heart, liver, kidney channel.There is clearing away heat and cooling blood, effect of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis.
Herba Lycopi, bitter in the mouth, slightly warm in nature; Return liver, spleen channel.There is blood circulation promoting and blood stasis dispelling, effect of line water detumescence.
Radix Angelicae Sinensis, sweet in the mouth, pungent, warm in nature; Return liver, the heart, spleen channel.There is promoting blood circulation and stopping pain, tonifying blood and regulating menstruation, effect of loosening bowel to relieve constipation.
Flos Carthami, acrid in the mouth, warm in nature; GUIXIN, Liver Channel.There is blood-activating analgetic, effect of promoting blood circulation to restore menstrual flow.
Chinese medicine is thought, postpartum syndrome is because of multiple deficiency and stasis in puerperal, and hundred joints are hollow, caused by the invading of the diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor that receive internal injuries, and lochia with unobstructed be suitable, therefore treat and first catch void and the stasis of blood, reinforcement and elimination in combination, according to the feature of the state of an illness, one is deficiency of nutrient QI and blood, and two is held blood stasis under the arm.
In Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention, Rhizoma Corydalis, Radix Curcumae, Resina Toxicodendri, the Radix Aucklandiae share can promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, promoting the circulation of QI to relieve pain, benefiting vital QI and blood, and reduces whole blood viscosity; Pollen Typhae, Herba Leonuri, Flos Carthami share feasible blood and relieving pain, and blood stasis dispelling is invigorated blood circulation; Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Rhizoma Chuanxiong can soothing the liver circulation of qi promoting, promoting blood circulation and stopping pain; Fructus Zanthoxyli, dense Piao, pasta ulmi can warming middle-JIAO to relieve pain, regulating QI to expel dampness, conditioning viscera function; Cortex Cinnamomi, Cortex Moutan, Herba Lycopi, Radix Angelicae Sinensis share can warming and recuperating the kidney-YANG, and line water detumescence, blood yiqi, improves immunity of organisms.All medicines share, and play QI invigorating righting altogether, blood circulation promoting and blood stasis dispelling, warming and recuperating the kidney-YANG, effect of regulating thoroughfare and controlling vessel, and drug absorption is good, instant effect, can effective enhancing immunity, and resisting fatigue, improves organism adaptation, and blood vessel dilating, improve microcirculation in body.Clinical trial proves, the various diseases that this medicine can treat blood wind that women occurs puerperal, cold in blood, menoxenia, blood stasis stagnate etc. causes, has again nourishing the body, improves the dual drug effect of resistance against diseases, clinic promotion and application.
For investigating clinical efficacy and the safety of medicine of the present invention further, we have selected 80 routine term labors and primiparity women carries out clinical trial, in age 23-45 year, average 38 years old, all have QI and blood deficiency complication in puerperal.Be divided into treatment group and tester at random, often organize 40 examples.All patients all suffer from 1. puerperal blood faints; 2. puerperal abdonimal pain; 3. puerperal hypogalactia; 4. postpartum lochiorrhea; 5. difficulty in defecation after delivery; 6. more than 2 of the symptom such as puerperal spontaneous sweating, wherein treatment group is respectively 5,6,11,9,8,10 examples; Matched group is respectively 4,7,10,8,9,12 examples.Age of two groups of patients, state of an illness symptom isobase data are through statistical analysis, and no significant difference (P > 0.05), has comparability.
Therapeutic Method:
Treatment group: take Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention and implement treatment, traditionally the method for fried Chinese medicine gets its medicine juice, every day 1 dose, point morning, late 2 decoction being taken warmly 7 days were 1 course for the treatment of.Matched group: 1. puerperal blood faints: adopt placebo 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250ml, day 1 time; 2. puerperal abdonimal pain: intravenous drip clindamycin 1.2g, day 1 time; 3. puerperal hypogalactia: adopt acupuncture-moxibustion therapy method, day 1 time; 4. postpartum lochiorrhea: take Herba Leonuri paste (Harbin Pharmaceutical Group's generation one production, the accurate word Z23020206 of traditional Chinese medicines), take 3 day; 5. difficulty in defecation after delivery: adopt glycerin, day 1; 6. puerperal spontaneous sweating: adopt placebo 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250ml, day 1 time; Within equal 7 days, be 1 course for the treatment of above.Two groups all treat 2 courses for the treatment of after judge curative effect.
Criterion of therapeutical effect:
Cure: the symptom such as bruise, abdomen pain, hypogalactia, lochia, constipation, spontaneous perspiration disappears completely, and physical recovery is normal.
Take a turn for the better: the symptom such as bruise, abdomen pain, hypogalactia, lochia, constipation, spontaneous perspiration is obviously improved, the state of an illness has greatly and alleviates.
Invalid: symptom is without improvement, and the state of an illness does not alleviate.
Efficacy result:
1. clinical efficacy result
After treatment, treatment group cures 30 examples, and take a turn for the better 8 examples, invalid 2 examples, and cure rate is 30.0%, and effective percentage is 95.0%; Matched group cures 18 examples, and take a turn for the better 12 examples, invalid 10 examples, cure rate 45.0%, effective percentage 75.0%.The cure rate for the treatment of group, effective percentage are apparently higher than matched group, and between group, comparing difference significantly (P < 0.05), has statistical significance.Detailed results is in table 1.
Table 1: clinical efficacy result synopsis after two groups of treatments
Group Number of cases Cure (%) Take a turn for the better (%) Invalid (%) Total effective rate (%)
Treatment group 40 30(75.0) 8(20.0) 2(5.0) 95
Matched group 40 18(45.0) 12(30.0) 10(25.0) 75
2. point disease efficacy result
After treatment, the improvement rate for the treatment of group in puerperal blood faints, abdomen pain, hypogalactia, lochia, constipation, spontaneous perspiration etc. is apparently higher than matched group, and comparing difference for two groups has significance (P < 0.05).Detailed results is in table 2.
Table 2: clinical efficacy result synopsis after two groups of treatments
Group Bruise Stomachache Hypogalactia Lochia Difficulty in defecation Spontaneous perspiration
Treatment group 4/580.0() 6/6(100.0) 9/11(81.8) 8/9(88.9) 8/8(100.0) 9/10(90.0)
Matched group 1/4(25.0) 3/7(42.9) 7/10(70.0) 5/8(62.5) 4/9(44.4) 3/12(25.0)
Result shows, the syndromes such as the bruise that Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention can occur for women puerperal, abdomen pain, hypogalactia have good efficacy, and cure rate is higher, and this safety of medicine is reliable simultaneously, non-evident effect and incompatibility, clinic promotion and application.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: a kind of Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of postpartum syndrome, choose Rhizoma Corydalis 20 grams, Pollen Typhae 10 grams, 10 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Zanthoxyli 10 grams, Resina Toxicodendri 10 grams, dense plain 10 grams, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 10 grams, Cortex Cinnamomi 10 grams, pasta ulmi 10 grams, the Radix Aucklandiae 8 grams, Radix Curcumae 8 grams, Herba Leonuri 8 grams, Cortex Moutan 8 grams, Herba Lycopi 8 grams, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 8 grams, 8 grams, Flos Carthami.
Embodiment 2: a kind of Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of postpartum syndrome, choose Rhizoma Corydalis 25 grams, Pollen Typhae 15 grams, 15 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Zanthoxyli 15 grams, Resina Toxicodendri 15 grams, dense plain 15 grams, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 15 grams, Cortex Cinnamomi 15 grams, pasta ulmi 15 grams, the Radix Aucklandiae 12 grams, Radix Curcumae 10 grams, Herba Leonuri 10 grams, Cortex Moutan 10 grams, Herba Lycopi 10 grams, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 grams, 12 grams, Flos Carthami.
Embodiment 3: a kind of Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of postpartum syndrome, choose Rhizoma Corydalis 30 grams, Pollen Typhae 20 grams, 20 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Zanthoxyli 20 grams, Resina Toxicodendri 20 grams, dense plain 20 grams, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 20 grams, Cortex Cinnamomi 20 grams, pasta ulmi 20 grams, the Radix Aucklandiae 15 grams, Radix Curcumae 12 grams, Herba Leonuri 12 grams, Cortex Moutan 12 grams, Herba Lycopi 12 grams, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 12 grams, 15 grams, Flos Carthami.
Below by concrete case, Chinese medicine preparation curative effect of the present invention is verified further:
Case 1
Lee, female, 25 years old.Cause overall pain because contacting cold water in 25 days puerperal, puerperal, stagnant blood was made a psychological attack, and time is in a fidget, agonizing, can not contact cold water or cool breeze, even if the summer of sweltering heat, can not use electric fan or air-conditioning, light red tongue, white and thin fur, stringy pulse, with constipation.Though do not heal all the time through multi-treatment, patient pressure is very large, introduces by friend, and take Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention treatment, after 1 course for the treatment of, symptom disappears substantially, and sb.'s illness took a favorable turn, and after 2 courses for the treatment of, physical recovery normality, examination in hospital indices, pulse condition recover normal.Follow up a case by regular visits to half a year without recurrence.
Case 2
History, female, 35 years old.Puerperal is puffiness due to deficiency always, vexed irritability, lethargy, and weary unable, the stomachache of body, menstruation monthly can postpone one week, and amount is many, is sorely distressed.Remove examination in hospital, doctor says it is postpartum syndrome, and acupuncture, Drug therapy a couple of days are invalid.Introduce by friend, take Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention, after taking 10 days, above symptom is improved greatly, and the state of an illness alleviates, and after continuing to take 1 course for the treatment of, above symptom thoroughly disappears, and through lab testing, indices recovers normal.Follow up a case by regular visits to and have no a recurrence in.
Case 3
Zheng, female, 25 years old.One week puerperal had a high fever, and occurred the symptom such as edema, abdomen pain, general joint pain, hypogalactia from head to foot subsequently, was diagnosed as postpartum syndrome on inspection, was in hospital 20 days, had no and be clearly better.By friend's recommendation, take Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention, take swelling after 1 week and disappear, stomachache alleviates, and milk is cumulative many, and after taking 3 courses for the treatment of continuously, symptom disappears completely, and milk amount is many, and condition is better.Follow up a case by regular visits to and have no recurrence half a year.

Claims (4)

1. treat a Chinese medicine preparation for postpartum syndrome, it is characterized in that, the Chinese herb composition of the following weight portion of described Chinese drug-treated group preparation:
Rhizoma Corydalis 20-30 gram, Pollen Typhae 10-20 gram, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride 10-20 gram, Fructus Zanthoxyli 10-20 gram, Resina Toxicodendri 10-20 gram, dense plain 10-20 gram, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 10-20 gram, Cortex Cinnamomi 10-20 gram, pasta ulmi 10-20 gram, Radix Aucklandiae 8-15 gram, Radix Curcumae 8-12 gram, Herba Leonuri 8-12 gram, Cortex Moutan 8-12 gram, Herba Lycopi 8-12 gram, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 8-12 gram, Flos Carthami 8-15 gram.
2. Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Chinese medicine preparation is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Rhizoma Corydalis 20 grams, Pollen Typhae 10 grams, 10 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Zanthoxyli 10 grams, Resina Toxicodendri 10 grams, dense plain 10 grams, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 10 grams, Cortex Cinnamomi 10 grams, pasta ulmi 10 grams, the Radix Aucklandiae 8 grams, Radix Curcumae 8 grams, Herba Leonuri 8 grams, Cortex Moutan 8 grams, Herba Lycopi 8 grams, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 8 grams, 8 grams, Flos Carthami.
3. Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Chinese medicine preparation is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Rhizoma Corydalis 25 grams, Pollen Typhae 15 grams, 15 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Zanthoxyli 15 grams, Resina Toxicodendri 15 grams, dense plain 15 grams, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 15 grams, Cortex Cinnamomi 15 grams, pasta ulmi 15 grams, the Radix Aucklandiae 12 grams, Radix Curcumae 10 grams, Herba Leonuri 10 grams, Cortex Moutan 10 grams, Herba Lycopi 10 grams, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 grams, 12 grams, Flos Carthami.
4. Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Chinese medicine preparation is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Rhizoma Corydalis 30 grams, Pollen Typhae 20 grams, 20 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Zanthoxyli 20 grams, Resina Toxicodendri 20 grams, dense plain 20 grams, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 20 grams, Cortex Cinnamomi 20 grams, pasta ulmi 20 grams, the Radix Aucklandiae 15 grams, Radix Curcumae 12 grams, Herba Leonuri 12 grams, Cortex Moutan 12 grams, Herba Lycopi 12 grams, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 12 grams, 15 grams, Flos Carthami.
CN201410605302.1A 2014-10-31 2014-10-31 Traditional Chinese medicine preparation for curing postpartum syndrome Pending CN104306892A (en)

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Application publication date: 20150128