CN104292638B - 一种可回收的电缆绝缘材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可回收的电缆绝缘材料的制备方法,尤其涉及一种用于输送或分配电能的电缆材料,属于电气材料技术领域。这种电缆料是一种纳米电介质,以热塑性聚合物材料与无机纳米颗粒的混合物为基础。该聚合物材料选自:(i)聚丙烯和橡胶的共混物;(ii)间规聚丙烯;所述的聚合物材料的熔点大于或等于125℃。这种纳米无机颗粒经过特殊的硅烷偶联剂表面处理后,和热塑性聚合物具有很好的相容性,在不显著降低热塑性树脂的热机械性能情况下,提高了直流电阻,并且在达到设计寿命后能够回收利用,不对环境造成破坏。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可回收的电缆绝缘材料的制备方法,尤其涉及一种用于输送或分配电能的电缆材料,属于电气材料技术领域。
背景技术
直流输电技术比交流输电技术有很多优势。首先,直流输电不用考虑电容效应,没有距离的限制。其次,随着距离的增加,直流输电有很好的经济效益。最后,直流输电不存在系统失去同步的情况。随着高压直流输电的飞速发展,特别是跨海峡等水下直流输电工程的兴建以及大城市供电亟待解决线路走廊和城市美观等问题,直流电缆得到了广泛的应用。
国际上欧洲和日本已经在挤出直流电缆方面有很多年的运行经验,我国在直流电缆的研发也投入了很多精力,但是实际的商业应用才刚刚开始。2013年12月25日,南方电网建设的世界第一个多端柔性直流输电示范工程正式投运。依托南澳多端柔性直流输电工程所需直流电缆技术条件,国内第一批±160千伏直流电缆及附件的样品通过了国家电线电缆质量监督检验中心的型式试验。未来,挤出直流电缆将会在大容量、高电压、长距离输电方面发挥重要作用。
直流电缆分为充油电缆、胶浸实心电缆、充气电缆和挤压电缆,其中挤压电缆因为生产安装方便受到广泛关注。为了提高电缆的使用温度,在交流电缆中常采用的是交联聚乙烯和乙丙橡胶。虽然可回收乙烯基电缆取得了一定的效果,但是交联聚乙烯电缆只能工作在70℃以下的温度。随着输电距离和电压等级的进一步提高,输电容量越来越来,这就要求电缆在更高的温度下进行工作。到目前为止,还没有一种具有优异的热机械性能和电气性能的直流电缆覆盖层。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种可回收的电缆绝缘材料的制备方法,采用纳米氧化物改善聚丙烯的电气性能,同时保持其良好的机械性能和热性能,以用于高压直流电缆。
本发明提出的可回收的电缆绝缘材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将等规聚丙烯和橡胶在190~200℃下混炼6~10分钟,转速为40~60r/min混合,混合比例为等规聚丙烯:橡胶=1:(0.3~0.5),得到丙烯基树脂,其中所述的等规聚丙烯的密度为0.90~0.94g/cm3,熔体流动速率为1.7~3.1g/10min,等规度>95%,所述的橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶,其密度为0.85~0.88g/cm3;
(2)将5~10份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份纳米氧化硅颗粒(粒径为5~20nm)在100份甲苯溶液中加热到100℃~120℃,搅拌12~24小时,放入离心机中离心5~10分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥12~24小时,得到经偶联处理的纳米氧化硅;
(3)将上述100份丙烯基树脂或100份间规聚丙烯与上述1~5份经偶联处理的纳米氧化硅加入到密炼机中,在180~200℃下以40~60r/min的转速混炼5~10分钟,得到混炼物;
(4)在步骤(1)得到的混炼物中加入0.5~1份抗氧剂、2~5份阻燃剂和0.5~1份加工助剂,混炼5~10分钟,混炼温度为180~200℃,得到用于高压直流电缆的可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂2246或者抗氧剂264,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化镁、低水硼酸锌、氢氧化铝或三氧化二锑。
本发明提出的可回收的电缆绝缘材料的制备方法,其优点是:
本发明的制备方法中,添加了纳米颗粒,因此提高了聚丙烯的电气性能,同时又不削弱聚丙烯的热机械性能。本发明方法中使用的聚丙烯和橡胶的共混物以及间规聚丙烯,没有经过交联处理,因此在常温下都具有很好的柔性,在高温下具有很好的机械完整性,可以在高达90℃下工作,同时具有很好的电气性能,最后制备的绝缘材料,可以在更高的温度下正常工作,材料老化后可以回收,有利于保护环境。加入的纳米颗粒和聚合物基材之间的高相容性可以通过偶联剂进行表面处理实现,使纳米颗粒在基体中不发生团聚并且分散良好,并且纳米颗粒在聚合物基材内获得微观均相结构,使制备的绝缘材料具有很好的热导率,从而提高高压直流电缆内导体的载流量。
具体实施方式
本发明提出的可回收的电缆绝缘材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将等规聚丙烯和橡胶在190~200℃下混炼6~10分钟,转速为40~60r/min混合,混合比例为等规聚丙烯:橡胶=1:(0.3~0.5),得到丙烯基树脂,其中所述的等规聚丙烯的密度为0.90~0.94g/cm3,熔体流动速率为1.7~3.1g/10min,等规度>95%,所述的橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶,其密度为0.85~0.88g/cm3;
(2)将5~10份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份纳米氧化硅颗粒(粒径为5~20nm)在100份甲苯溶液中加热到100℃~120℃,搅拌12~24小时,放入离心机中离心5~10分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥12~24小时,得到经偶联处理的纳米氧化硅;
(3)将上述100份丙烯基树脂或100份间规聚丙烯与上述1~5份经偶联处理的纳米氧化硅加入到密炼机中,在180~200℃下以40~60r/min的转速混炼5~10分钟,得到混炼物;
(4)在步骤(1)得到的混炼物中加入0.5~1份抗氧剂、2~5份阻燃剂和0.5~1份加工助剂,混炼5~10分钟,混炼温度为180~200℃,得到用于高压直流电缆的可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂2246或者抗氧剂264,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化镁、低水硼酸锌、氢氧化铝或三氧化二锑。
本发明制备方法中,使用抗氧剂的目的是阻止加工或运行过程中被氧化;使用加工助剂的目的是改善电缆覆盖层挤出时加工性能;使用阻燃剂的目的是提高电缆在超高温情况下的运行能力。
本发明制备的电缆绝缘材料,主要应用在电能输送和分配的直流电缆中,但是并不局限于此。在传输信号的电缆中也可以采用这种电缆,同样能够在信号电缆达到设计寿命时减少对环境的影响。
本发明实施例得到的可回收绝缘材料,其力学性能的评价方法采用GB/T 1408-2006标准,直流电阻评价方法采用GB/T 1040-2006标准,热性能评价方法采用GB/T 19466.3-2004标准。
本发明实施例中,等规聚丙烯购买自中石化,牌号为T30s,其密度为0.9g/cm3,熔体流动速率为2.9-3.5g/10min,等规度为96%。橡胶选用陶氏化学的三元乙丙橡胶,密度为0.860g/cm3,乙烯含量为50wt%,丙烯含量为45et%,亚乙基-降冰片烯含量为5wt%。间规聚丙烯采用法国道达尔的聚丙烯,牌号为1471,其密度为0.88g/cm3,熔体流动速率为4g/10min,间规聚丙烯的熔点大于125℃。纳米颗粒采用西格玛奥德里奇的纳米氧化硅,粒径为5~15nm。二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂购买自国药集团,用于纳米颗粒的表面修饰。纳米颗粒采用统一的表面处理方法:首先将5g二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和10g纳米颗粒在100ml甲苯溶液中加热搅拌24小时,放入离心机中离心5分钟,然后再真空干燥箱中干燥24小时。
以下介绍本发明方法的实施例:
实施例一
(1)将5份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份纳米氧化硅颗粒(粒径为10nm)在100份甲苯溶液中加热到100℃,搅拌12小时,放入离心机中离心5分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥12小时;
(2)将100份间规聚丙烯与1份上述经过表面处理的纳米氧化物加入到密炼机中,在180℃下以40r/min的转速混炼5分钟,得到混炼物;
(3)在步骤(1)得到的混炼物中加入0.5份抗氧剂、1份阻燃剂和1份加工助剂,在200℃下混炼6分钟,转速为60r/min,混炼温度为180℃,得到用于高压直流电缆的可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化镁。
其性能见表1.
表1性能参数
从表1可以看出,本发明上述实施实例所得到的可回收绝缘材料,在90℃时仍然具有合适的储能模量,说明其机械性能得到了很大的改善。同时,其体积电阻率也提高了一个数量级,热性能也有所提升。从综合性能来看,该绝缘材料满足电线电缆绝缘的要求,同时该材料制备过程中不需要交联,是一种可回收的热塑性材料,对环境几乎没有污染。
实施例二
(1)将6份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份纳米氧化硅颗粒(粒径为10nm)在100份甲苯溶液中加热到100℃,搅拌12小时,放入离心机中离心5分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥12小时;
(2)将上述100份丙烯基树脂与1份上述经过表面处理的纳米氧化物加入到密炼机中,在180℃下以40r/min的转速混炼5分钟,得到混炼物;
(3)在步骤(1)得到的混炼物中加入0.5份抗氧剂、2份阻燃剂和1份加工助剂,在200℃下混炼6分钟,转速为60r/min,混炼温度为180℃,得到用于高压直流电缆的可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂2246,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为低水硼酸锌。
实施例三
(1)将8份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份纳米氧化硅颗粒(粒径为15nm)在100份甲苯溶液中加热到120℃,搅拌24小时,放入离心机中离心10分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥24小时;
(2)将上述100份丙烯基树脂与5份上述经过表面处理的纳米氧化物加入到密炼机中,在190℃下以40r/min的转速混炼5分钟,得到混炼物;
(3)在步骤(1)得到的混炼物中加入1份抗氧剂、3份阻燃剂和0.5份加工助剂,在200℃下混炼6分钟,转速为60r/min,混炼温度为180℃,得到用于高压直流电缆的可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂264,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化铝。
实施例四
(1)将10份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份纳米氧化硅颗粒(粒径为20nm)在100份甲苯溶液中加热到100℃,搅拌12小时,放入离心机中离心5分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥12小时;
(2)将100份间规聚丙烯与3份上述经过表面处理的纳米氧化物加入到密炼机中,在200℃下以60r/min的转速混炼10分钟,得到混炼物;
(3)在步骤(1)得到的混炼物中加入1份抗氧剂、5份阻燃剂和0.5份加工助剂,在190℃下混炼6分钟,转速为60r/min,得到用于高压直流电缆的可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂264,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为三氧化二锑。
实施例五
(1)将等规聚丙烯和橡胶在190℃下混炼6分钟,转速为40r/min,混合比例为等规聚丙烯:橡胶=1:0.3,得到丙烯基树脂,其中所述的等规聚丙烯的密度为0.90g/cm3,熔体流动速率为1.7g/10min,等规度>95%,所述的橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶,其密度为0.85g/cm3;
(2)将5份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份纳米氧化硅颗粒(粒径为10nm)在100份甲苯溶液中加热到100℃,搅拌12小时,放入离心机中离心5分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥12小时;
(3)将上述100份丙烯基树脂或100份间规聚丙烯与1份的纳米氧化物加入到密炼机中,在180℃下以40r/min的转速混炼5分钟,得到混炼物;
(4)在步骤(1)得到的混炼物中加入0.5份抗氧剂、1份阻燃剂和1份加工助剂,在200℃下混炼6分钟,转速为60r/min,混炼温度为180℃,得到用于高压直流电缆的可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化镁。
实施例六
(1)将等规聚丙烯和橡胶在190℃下混炼6分钟,转速为40r/min,混合比例为等规聚丙烯:橡胶=1:0.4,得到丙烯基树脂,其中所述的等规聚丙烯的密度为0.90g/cm3,熔体流动速率为2g/10min,等规度>95%,所述的橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶,其密度为0.86g/cm3;
(2)将6份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份纳米氧化硅颗粒(粒径为10nm)在100份甲苯溶液中加热到100℃,搅拌12小时,放入离心机中离心5分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥12小时;
(3)将上述100份丙烯基树脂与1份的纳米氧化物加入到密炼机中,在180℃下以40r/min的转速混炼5分钟,得到混炼物;
(4)在步骤(1)得到的混炼物中加入0.5份抗氧剂、2份阻燃剂和1份加工助剂,在200℃下混炼6分钟,转速为60r/min,混炼温度为180℃,得到可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂2246,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为低水硼酸锌。
实施例七
(1)将等规聚丙烯和橡胶在200℃下混炼6分钟,转速为60r/min,混合比例为等规聚丙烯:橡胶=1:0.5,得到丙烯基树脂,其中所述的等规聚丙烯的密度为0.91g/cm3,熔体流动速率为2.5g/10min,等规度>95%,所述的橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶,其密度为0.88g/cm3;
(2)将8份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份纳米氧化硅颗粒(粒径为15nm)在100份甲苯溶液中加热到120℃,搅拌24小时,放入离心机中离心10分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥24小时;
(3)将上述100份丙烯基树脂与5份的纳米氧化物加入到密炼机中,在190℃下以40r/min的转速混炼5分钟,得到混炼物;
(4)在步骤(1)得到的混炼物中加入1份抗氧剂、3份阻燃剂和0.5份加工助剂,在200℃下混炼6分钟,转速为60r/min,混炼温度为180℃,得到可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂264,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化铝。
实施例八
(1)将等规聚丙烯和橡胶在200℃下混炼6分钟,转速为60r/min,混合比例为等规聚丙烯:橡胶=1:0.3,得到丙烯基树脂,其中所述的等规聚丙烯的密度为0.90g/cm3,熔体流动速率为1.7g/10min,等规度>95%,所述的橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶,其密度为0.85g/cm3;
(2)将10份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份纳米氧化硅颗粒(粒径为20nm)在100份甲苯溶液中加热到100℃,搅拌12小时,放入离心机中离心5分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥12小时;
(3)将上述100份丙烯基树脂或100份间规聚丙烯与3份的纳米氧化物加入到密炼机中,在200℃下以60r/min的转速混炼10分钟,得到混炼物;
(4)在步骤(1)得到的混炼物中加入1份抗氧剂、5份阻燃剂和0.5份加工助剂,在190℃下混炼6分钟,转速为60r/min,得到可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂264,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为三氧化二锑。
Claims (1)
1.一种可回收的电缆绝缘材料的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将等规聚丙烯和橡胶在190~200℃下混炼6~10分钟,转速为40~60r/min混合,混合比例为等规聚丙烯:橡胶=1:(0.3~0.5),得到丙烯基树脂,其中所述的等规聚丙烯的密度为0.90~0.94g/cm3,熔体流动速率为1.7~3.1g/10min,等规度>95%,所述的橡胶为三元乙丙橡胶,其密度为0.85~0.88g/cm3;
(2)将5~10份二甲基二氯硅烷偶联剂和5份粒径为5~20nm的纳米氧化硅颗粒,在100份甲苯溶液中加热到100℃~120℃,搅拌12~24小时,放入离心机中离心5~10分钟,然后在真空干燥箱中干燥12~24小时,得到经偶联处理的纳米氧化硅;
(3)将上述100份丙烯基树脂或100份间规聚丙烯与上述1~5份经偶联处理的纳米氧化硅加入到密炼机中,在180~200℃下以40~60r/min的转速混炼5~10分钟,得到混炼物;
(4)在步骤(3)得到的混炼物中加入0.5~1份抗氧剂、2~5份阻燃剂和0.5~1份加工助剂,混炼5~10分钟,混炼温度为180~200℃,得到用于高压直流电缆的可回收绝缘材料,其中所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂2246或者抗氧剂264,所述的加工助剂为润滑剂硬脂酸甘油酯,所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化镁、低水硼酸锌、氢氧化铝或三氧化二锑。
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