CN104288912B - A kind of electronic portal image device and its ray detector, scan method - Google Patents
A kind of electronic portal image device and its ray detector, scan method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104288912B CN104288912B CN201410514532.7A CN201410514532A CN104288912B CN 104288912 B CN104288912 B CN 104288912B CN 201410514532 A CN201410514532 A CN 201410514532A CN 104288912 B CN104288912 B CN 104288912B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of electronic portal image device and its ray detector, scan method, can reduce the non-treatment radiation that patient is subject to.The ray detector includes extending to the track of the other end by one end of scanning area and installs scanning dolly in orbit, scanning dolly is provided with some scanning elements formed by multiple gas ionization chambers in rectangular arrangement, scanning element arranges to form scanning strip along straight line, multiple scanning strips rearrange multiple rows of scanning linear array structure, scanning dolly drives scanning strip to be moved along track, to complete the scanning of whole scanning area.The scan method includes：Scanning dolly of the driving provided with scanning element moves to the other end by one end of scanning area, to complete the scanning to whole scanning area, obtains the image of whole scanning area；The size at patient scan position according to image, a subregion is selected in scanning area, and scan subregion；Subregional data are only obtained, and rebuild subregional image.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medicine technology field, more particularly to a kind of ray detector of electronic portal image device.This
Invention, which further relates to a kind of electronic portal image device with above-mentioned ray detector and electronics launched field, influences the scanning of device
Method.
Background technology
Electronic portal image device (Electronic Portal Imaging Device, abbreviation EPID), main application
In checking of the accelerator before clinical radiotherapy and in therapeutic process to launched field shape and knub position.The system is mainly by preceding
End-fire line detector and back end signal handle two parts composition, and the essential difference of different system is embodied in front end ray detector portion
Point.At present, EPID systems, can be divided into Fluorescence Plate detector, solid semiconductor by the difference according to X-ray detection X species
The types such as flat panel detector, ionization of liquid room.
Fig. 1 is refer to, Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of set-up mode of Fluorescence Plate detector in the prior art.
Fluorescence Plate detector mainly by the inclined speculum 300 of fluorescent screen 200,45° angle of covered metal plate 100, thoroughly
Mirror 400 and video camera 500 form.When photon beam incides metallic plate 100, occurs to interact with it and produces electronics, electricity
Son is got on fluorescent screen 200 and sends fluorescence；The light path that the image that fluorescence is formed forms through speculum 300 and lens 400, which passes to, to be taken the photograph
Camera 500, turn into electronic image after the record of video camera 500, finally pass to the computer of responsible image procossing.
The fluorescent screen 200 of Fluorescence Plate detector is cheap, therefore can be made big, and the coverage field of covering is big,
Image taking speed is fast, and the service life of fluorescent screen 200 is longer.But the elder generation that fluorescent screen 200 is present, and imaging resolution is low, image is fuzzy
Its defect, the inclination plus reflective mirror 300 cause systems bulky, are unfavorable for patient and put position；Furthermore fluorescent screen 200 is to height
Energy ray photons collection efficiency is relatively low.
Solid semiconductor flat panel detector is mainly that the semiconductor linear array made by materials such as non-crystalline silicon, amorphous selenium forms.
Amorphous silicon array is made up of photodiode and FET, is close to metalfluorescent change-over panel, each diode-coupled to one
Individual field-effect transistor.When gathering picture signal, all FET lines keep negative voltage to make whole FET array non-conductive.
Fluorescence is efficiently converted to the electron hole pair of photodiode intrinsic layer, is then collected, is stored in the electric capacity of optical diode
In.After enough signals are acquired for piece image, change all FET that a certain bar FET voltage makes to be located at corresponding line
It is conductive.The signal for being stored in optical diode passes to data wire through FET, and a line digital picture is converted to through external electronic device.With
Afterwards, the voltage of this FET line returns to original state, and the voltage for similarly changing next FET can be to obtain the figure of next line
Picture.Gatherer process is carried out line by line until the signal of all rows is read and obtains entire image.
X ray is directly converted into the electric charge of representative image by the optical conductor made with amorphous selenium array, and the latter can use one
Individual active matrix is read.The lower surface of amorphous selenium layer contacts with active matrix, and its upper surface connects HVB high voltage bias electrode, thus can
To form electric field in amorphous selenium layer.Each pixel of active matrix is by a thin film transistor (TFT), a pixel electrode and one
Electric capacity is stored to form.Horizontally disposed door line opens a line thin film transistor (TFT) every time, image charge is transferred to from pixel electrode
Vertically arranged data wire, then external charge amplifier is passed to through data wire, the parallel letter being finally exaggerated by coaxial cable
Number it is converted into Serial output.Compared with amorphous silicon array imaging, the method does not need metalfluorescent change-over panel, is a kind of more straight
The scan method connect.
The either solid probe of non-crystalline silicon or amorphous selenium array, all with small volume, efficiency high, high resolution,
The advantages that dynamic range is big；But cost is higher, and can not often can only in long-term work under high-energy ray, its service life
Maintain 1 year or so.
Ionization of liquid chamber system as ray detector, is filled using ionization of liquid room matrix between ionisation chamber high-field electrode
Organic solvent is as ionization medium.Gatherer process uses electrostatic by turn switching on the polarizing voltage of every a line ionisation chamber
The ionization current that meter reads this line ionisation chamber is realized.Sweep time of system and spatial resolution shifting pass each other
System, shorter sweep time can be realized by reducing spatial resolution.
Ionization of liquid chamber system small volume, it is compact-sized, conveniently install and use.And each probe unit position is consolidated
Determine, be uniformly distributed, will not make image that geometric distortion occur.But detector ray utilization rate is low, accelerates during image reading
The unstability of device close rate may influence picture quality.
Existing three kinds of detectors have the advantages of respective, while there is also different defects, main flow detector is using solid at present
Body semiconductor flat panel detector, but the type detector cost is high, short life, therefore, how to design a kind of electronics portal imaging
Device and its ray detector, scan method, to reduce cost, increase the service life, and cause its volume ratio fluorescing system
Small, stability is better than detector liquid, is the current technical issues that need to address of those skilled in the art.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of electronic portal image device and its ray detector, and its cost is relatively low, the life-span
It is long, and volume ratio fluorescing system is small, stability is better than detector liquid.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the scan method that a kind of electronics launched field influences device, scanning area can be realized
Washability, to reduce volume of transmitted data and processing time, and then reduce the non-treatment radiation that patient is subject to.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of ray detector of electronic portal image device of present invention offer, including by
One end of scanning area extends to the scanning dolly of the track and installation of the other end on the track, is set on the scanning dolly
There are some scanning elements formed by multiple gas ionization chambers in rectangular arrangement, the scanning element is arranged to be formed along straight line and swept
Band is retouched, multiple scanning strips rearrange multiple rows of scanning linear array structure, and the scanning dolly drives the scanning strip described in
Track moves, to complete the scanning of the whole scanning area.
The ray detector of the present invention, multiple gas ionization chambers are combined to form scanning element, and by scanning element along directly
Line arranges to form scanning strip, then scanning strip can move in scanning area, so as to complete the scanning of whole scanning area.With showing
There is the detector in technology in EPID systems to compare, ray detector of the invention given full play to gas ionization chamber small volume,
The high and cheap advantage of long lifespan, stability；Gas ionization chamber is high to the collection rate of high-energy ray photon, is adapted to application
In accelerator EPID systems, position is put beneficial to patient, improves detection efficiency.What is more important, EPID systems of the invention
In, it is scanned using scanning strip, compared with the detector of the prior art using matrix form, reduces required gas electricity
From the quantity of room, and then largely reduce cost；Furthermore gas ionization chamber can long time continuous working, therefore can be
Real-time continuous pendulum position checking is realized in therapeutic process, improves treatment precision.
Alternatively, the high input voltage of the gas ionization chamber and signal pins are drawn in its afterbody, each gas electricity
Equidistantly arranged at grade from room.
Alternatively, each scanning strip equidistantly arranges, the scanning dolly drive the scanning strip with linear array at intervals of
Distance makees simple scanning motion.
Can include some scanning strips on the scanning dolly of the present invention, scanning dolly drive scanning strip with linear array at intervals of away from
From making simple scanning motion so that each scanning strip is merely responsible for scanning the specific region in linear array interval, so as to greatly improved
Scan efficiency, reduce the non-treatment ray of patient's receiving, and then the quick real-time pendulum position checking realized in therapeutic process, improve
Treat precision.
Alternatively, the scanning strip is vertical with the track, and each scanning strip is distributed in the scanning area.
Alternatively, in addition to the driving actuator that is moved along the track of scanning dolly.
Alternatively, the actuator includes motor and the leading screw extended in the same direction with the track, and the scanning is small
Car is spirally connected with the leading screw, and the motor drives the leading screw to rotate, to drive the scanning dolly to be moved along the track
It is dynamic.
The present invention also provides a kind of electronic portal image device, including ray detector and the processing that is connected with its signal
Device, the ray detector are the ray detector described in any of the above-described, and the scanning element connects with the processor signal
Connect, so that the scan data that the processor obtains according to the scanning element carries out image reconstruction.
Because the electronic portal image device of the present invention includes the ray detector described in any of the above-described, thus it is any of the above-described
Technique effect caused by ray detector described in is applied to the electronic portal image device of the present invention, no longer superfluous herein
State.
Alternatively, the scan data includes the strength information and position signalling of signal, and the scanning element is read using SCD
Go out circuit and read the scan data.
Alternatively, the track is provided with the position sensor for being used for detecting the small truck position of scanning, and the position passes
Sensor is connected with the processor signal, so that the processor scans number according to the station location marker of the scanning dolly
According to.
The present invention is identified according to the position of scanning dolly to scan data, so that effectively reconstruction image, is improved
The positioning precision of image.
The present invention also provides a kind of scan method of electronic portal image device, comprises the following steps：
11) scanning dolly of the driving provided with scanning element moves to the other end by one end of scanning area, to complete to whole
The scanning of individual scanning area, obtain the image of whole scanning area；
12) size at the patient scan position according to described image, a subregion is selected in the scanning area
Domain, and scan the subregion；
13) the subregional data are only obtained, and rebuild the subregional image.
The scan method of the present invention carries out prescan to scanning area first, to obtain an image substantially, Ran Hougen
According to needing to select subregion to carry out fine scanning, and subregional data are only obtained, and then rebuild subregional precise image.Using
Above-mentioned scan method, on the one hand, the scanning element on whole scanning dolly is both powered up being operated, unified high voltage supply mode
It ensure that the uniformity of each scanning element；On the other hand, the data of the other parts beyond subregion do not upload, so as to larger
Reduce volume of transmitted data in degree, alleviate the burden of processing data, saved the data-analysis time and patient receives to sweep
The time retouched.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of set-up mode of Fluorescence Plate detector in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of the electronic portal image device provided by the present invention in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is a kind of knot of the ray detector of electronic portal image device provided by the present invention in embodiment
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is a kind of close-up schematic view of set-up mode of scanning element provided by the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of SCD reading circuits in scanning element provided by the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the ray detector of electronic portal image device provided by the present invention in another embodiment
Structural representation；
Fig. 7 is the contrast schematic diagram being scanned using ray detector shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of gas ionization chamber array arrangement；
Fig. 9 is the principle schematic diagram of gas ionization chamber.
In Fig. 1：
Metallic plate 100, fluorescent screen 200, speculum 300, lens 400, video camera 500
In Fig. 2-9：
Track 1, scanning dolly 2, scanning element 3, gas ionization chamber 31, passive electrode 311, high-field electrode 312, protection ring
313rd, insulator 314, scanning strip 4, actuator 5, motor 51, leading screw 52, position sensor 6, accelerator 7, sigmatron
71st, patient 8, therapeutic bed 9, ray detector 10
Embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention program, with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description
The present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 2 is refer to, Fig. 2 is a kind of structure of the electronic portal image device provided by the present invention in embodiment
Schematic diagram.
In a kind of embodiment, electronic portal image device of the invention (Electronic Portal
Imaging Device, abbreviation EPID), accelerator 7 is mainly used in before clinical radiotherapy and in therapeutic process to launched field
The checking of shape and knub position, including ray detector 10 and the processor that is connected with its signal, processor are used to handle institute
State the scan data of the acquisition of ray detector 10.
As shown in Fig. 2 patient 8 lies low in therapeutic bed 9, the sigmatron 71 that accelerator 7 discharges is carried out to patient 8
Scanning, ray detector 10 is provided with the position of the lower section face scanning area of bed board；The scanning area refers to that high energy is penetrated
The scope that line is covered when being scanned to patient 8.When EPID works, X ray is irradiated to ray spy through patient 8 and bed board
Survey on device, because tissue density is different, then project the dosage difference of the X ray on each small detector module,
That is the transmitted intensity received by each ray detector module is different；Due to the location of each detector module
It is to determine, and can determine the particular location of received ray, i.e., ray detector 10 of the invention, which can measure, sweeps
The specific launching position of the quantity of X-rays X of each position and ray in region is retouched, these information are that ray detector 10 scans when institute
The scan data of acquisition.After ray detector 10 obtains scan data, scan data can be passed to processor, processor can
To carry out image reconstruction according to the scan data of reception, the pendulum position information of patient 8 is obtained, and then compared with CT images, really
Recognize set-up deviation, realize EPID pendulum position authentication function.
Signal connection specifically described herein refers to, realizes a kind of connection side of signal transmission in wired or wireless manner
Formula.
Please further combined with Fig. 3-5, Fig. 3 is the ray detector of electronic portal image device provided by the present invention in one kind
Structural representation in embodiment；Fig. 4 is that a kind of partial enlargement of set-up mode of scanning element provided by the present invention shows
It is intended to；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of SCD reading circuits in scanning element provided by the present invention.
The ray detector of the present invention includes the scanning dolly 2 of track 1 and installation on path 1, and track 1 is by scanning area
One end extend to the other end, scanning dolly 2 can move along track 1, and the movement includes one-way movement, also include back and forth transporting
It is dynamic；Scanning dolly 2 is provided with some scanning elements 3, and each scanning element 3 forms by multiple gas ionization chambers 31, and each scanning is single
Member 3 is arranged along straight line, to form linear scanning strip 4, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.When scanning dolly 2 moves along track 1,
Drive scanning strip 4 to be moved in scanning area, and then complete the scanning to whole scanning area.
The one end of track 1 along scanning area extends to the other end and refers to that track 1 can run through whole scanning area, to sweep
Retouch dolly 2 along track 1 move when, scanning strip 4 can be scanned to whole scanning area.
The ray detector of the present invention, exploring block is used as using gas ionization chamber 31, gas ionization chamber 31 has good
Energy response, higher sensitivity and spatial resolution, its dosage it is linear also preferably, the repeatability and stability of dosage
Can position within 0.5%；Meanwhile exploring block is used as using gas ionization chamber 31 so that X-ray detection X of the invention
Utensil has the advantages of simple in construction, dependable performance and cost are cheap, the anxiety of no service life.
What is more important, ray detector of the invention, multiple gas ionization chambers 31 are formed into scanning element 3, then
Scanning element 3 is formed into scanning strip 4 along arranged in a straight line；When being scanned, driving scanning dolly 2 moves along track 1, you can completes
The scanning of whole scanning area, obtains all scan datas；With each detecting module is arranged in array in the prior art
Compared in whole scanning area, saved the quantity of detecting module, largely saved cost；Meanwhile using more
Individual gas ionization chamber 31 forms scanning element 3, and scanning accuracy is guaranteed.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in EPID systems, after ray detector is completed to scan, will scan
Data transfer is to processor, so that processor carries out image reconstruction according to scan data, then when ray detector uses above-mentioned knot
During structure, be specifically scanned using scanning element 3, and obtain scan data, then can by the scanning element 3 of ray detector with
Processor signal connects, so as to which scan data is directly passed into processor.
Multiple gas ionization chambers 31 in the scanning element 3 can be arranged in matrix, so as to corresponding scanning
Effectively scanned in region；More preferable, the matrix can be square formation, i.e. its line number and columns can be with equal.
Furthermore gas ionization chamber 31 has high input voltage pin and signal pins, can draw its high input voltage and signal
Pin is drawn by the afterbody of gas ionization chamber 31, for example, can be drawn from the bottom of gas ionization chamber 31, then gas ionization chamber 31
Surface is more smooth, and each gas ionization chamber 31 can arrange in the same plane, and can equidistantly arrange.Similarly, each scanning
Unit 3 can also be arranged equidistantly in the plane, form the scanning strip 4 of wire arrangement, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
In addition, scanning flat board can be set on scanning dolly 2, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, gas ionization chamber 31 can be pressed
Scanning element 3 is formed according to matrix arrangement, then each close-packed arrays of scanning element 3 are in line, a scanning strip 4 is formed, may be used also
With by some scanning strips 4 equidistantly distribute scanning flat board on form whole Scan Architecture, be specifically referred to hereafter and
The description as described in multiple rows of scanning linear array structure in Fig. 6.The inside of scanning flat board can be made up of high voltage power supply and Acquisition Circuit, high
Voltage source is used for the working power for providing each gas ionization chamber 31, and Acquisition Circuit is used for the scanning number for gathering each scanning element 3
According to the scan data of scanning element 3 can be read by reading circuit first, then Acquisition Circuit can directly gather reading circuit
Read-out data.
Specifically, scanning element 3 can include shell, gas ionization chamber 31, insulator (carrying blast pipe), internal support
Plate, electrode slice and reading circuit, wherein, reading circuit is used for the scan data for reading gas ionization chamber 31 in whole unit,
The scan data includes the strength information and positional information of signal.As shown in figure 5, according to gravity model appoach principle, reading circuit can
Think SCD (Symmetric Charge Division) reading circuit, and using SCD therein (Symmetric Charge
Division) readout scheme reads the data of whole scanning element 3.When using SCD, only four need to be set in scanning element 3
Individual signal outlet, the signal intensity sum of four signal outlets are the primary signal detected by whole scanning element 3
Strength information；According to centre-of-gravity principle, position letter can be calculated by the signal intensity size of four signal outlet outputs
Breath, as shown in figure 5, so that gas ionization chamber 31 is arranged in the matrix form of four rows four row as an example, with the direction where the AB in scheming
For transverse axis X, using the direction where CD as longitudinal axis Y, then below equation can be used to obtain coordinate position：
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that when using SCD reading circuits, accordingly, accelerator target head needs
One coaxial concentric gamma radiographic source is provided.
Please further combined with Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, Fig. 6 is that the ray detector of electronic portal image device provided by the present invention exists
Another structural representation in embodiment；Fig. 7 is pair being scanned using ray detector shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 6
Compare schematic diagram.
The ray detector of the present invention can also include some scanning strips 4 be arrangeding in parallel, as shown in fig. 6, each scanning strip 4
Equidistantly arrangement, to form multiple rows of scanning linear array structure, i.e., multiple rows of scanning strip 4 equidistantly arranges according to linear array structure；Can root
The spacing between the bar number and two neighboring scanning strip 4 of scanning strip 4 is set according to the size of scanning area, will entirely to scan
Region segmentation is equal-sized sub- scanning area；Due to the small volume of each scanning element 3, and some scanning elements 3 are close
Arrangement form scanning strip 4, scanning strip 4 can be analogized to the straightway of no width, as shown in fig. 7, then every sub- scanning area
The area in domain is equal to the length L0 of the spacing L1 and scanning strip 4 between two adjacent scanning strips 4 product.
When setting some scanning strips 4, each scanning strip 4 can also arrange at grade, as described above, can be with
It is arranged on scanning flat board.Now, whole scanning area is divided into sub- scanning area by scanning strip 4, and driving scanning is got off movement
Spacing between inswept two adjacent scan bands 4 can complete the scanning of sub- scanning area, that is, realize the scanning of whole scanning area；
For example, the spacing between two adjacent scan bands 4 can be the width of two scanning strips 4, then 2, dolly of scanning need to move two and sweep
The scanning of whole scanning area can be completed by retouching the width of band 4.
Reference picture 7 is understood, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, can be set a scanning strip 4, be swept now it is necessary to drive
The scanning of whole scanning area can be realized by retouching dolly 2 and being moved to the other end by one end of scanning area along track 1, single to sweep
Retouch that the workload of band 4 is larger, and scan efficiency is relatively low；When setting some scanning strips 4, single scanning strip 4 need to scan one
Individual sub- scanning area, scan efficiency can be greatly improved, reduce the non-treatment ray that patient 8 is subject to.
Generally, scanning area is in the region of a rectangle or square, as shown in Fig. 2 orientation herein
State when being scanned using patient 8 is reference, and under the direction close to ground is, the direction away from ground is upper；Scanning area is usual
Parallel to ground in other words parallel to therapeutic bed 9, using the length direction of therapeutic bed 9 as longitudinal direction, in the vertical, with close to accelerator
Before 7 direction is, after the direction away from accelerator 7 is；In scanning area, the direction being transversely to the machine direction is horizontal, with patient 8
When lying in therapeutic bed 9, the direction of its right-hand side is the right side, and the direction of left-hand side is a left side, then is laterally left and right directions.
Track 1 can extend longitudinally, and can also include two point of rail roads 1 being parallel to each other, two point of rail roads 1 may be at
The left and right sides, then the left and right sides for scanning dolly 2 can be connected with the point of rail road 1 in both sides respectively, it is small to improve scanning
The robust motion of car 2.
The scanning strip 4 scanned on dolly 2 can also be vertically arranged with track 1, then when scanning dolly 2 drives scanning strip 4
When being moved along track 1, you can complete the scanning of whole scanning area；Certainly, scanning dolly 2 can be according to scanning demand along track
1 moves back and forth, to improve scanning accuracy.
It should be noted that the moving direction of scanning dolly 2 can move in the longitudinal direction as shown in figs. 3 and 6,
When the setting direction conversion of track 1, the direction of motion of scanning dolly 2 also changes therewith, as long as whole scanning area can be realized
The scanning in domain；For example, track 1 substantially can also extend in the horizontal, then drive scanning to get off and move in the vertical；Or
Person can set the angle that track 1 is relatively transverse or fore-and-aft tilt is certain, and then driving scanning dolly 2 is perpendicular to track 1
Side move up, or driving scanning dolly 2 moved according to certain rule, to complete the scanning of whole scanning area.
Meanwhile scanning strip 4 can be uniformly distributed in scanning area, as described above, scanning strip 4 can be by scanning area
Equal-sized sub- scanning area is divided into, to realize the synchronous scanning of each sub- scanning area.
On the basis of the above, actuator 5 can also be set, drive scanning dolly 2 to be moved along track 1 by actuator 5.Drive
Moving part 5 can use various driving structures of the prior art, it is for instance possible to use motor 51 and coupled leading screw
52, leading screw 52 can extend in the same direction with track 1, then be threadedly coupled scanning dolly 2 with leading screw 52, then motor 51 drives
Leading screw 52 rotates, the rectilinear movement for being converted into scanning dolly 2 of leading screw 52 so that scanning dolly 2 moves along track 1, enters
And scanning strip 4 is driven to complete scanning.
It is contemplated that other power sources such as hydraulic pressure can also be used, gear drive etc. can also be used to realize small to scanning
The driving of car 2；Obviously, driving precision can be improved when being driven using leading screw 52, is easy to scanning dolly 2 to be moved back and forth along track 1.
Further, the present invention can be small due to scanning for detecting the position of scanning dolly 2 with set location sensor 6
Car 2 is in moving process, and the position that each scanning element 3 is scanned can change, therefore can be with set location sensor
6, and position sensor 6 is connected with processor signal, the positional information for scanning dolly 2 is passed into processor, to handle
Device completes scanning and the image reconstruction of respective regions according to the station location marker scan data of scanning dolly 2.
It is contemplated that other modes can also be used to be scanned the marks of data, for example, can according to scanning sequency,
Sweep time etc. is scanned the mark of data.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are refer to, Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the array arrangement of gas ionization chamber 31；Fig. 9 is gas ionization chamber 31
Principle schematic diagram.
The ray detector of the present invention can be formed gas ionization chamber 31 according to array arrangement, as shown in figure 8, can incite somebody to action
Gas ionization chamber 31 is used for EPID systems, to reduce cost, increases its service life, solves solid probe for a long time using easy
The problem of damage, can real time imagery over the course for the treatment of, to improve treatment precision.
But it is more using the quantity of gas ionization chamber 31 needed for the structure of array, therefore can use the above
Some scanning strip 4 realizes scanning；Scan efficiency is not only taken into account when being scanned using some scanning strips 4, also larger
The quantity of gas ionization chamber 31 used by being reduced in degree.For example, when using 1024 × 1024 array, need altogether
1048576 gas ionization chambers 31, if using 64 scanning strips 4, the quantity of gas ionization chamber 31 is 1024 × 64, i.e.,
65536 gas ionization chambers 31, it is 1/16th of gas ionization chamber 31 needed for array structure.
It is specifically described herein it is some be that exponential quantity is uncertain multiple, usually more than three.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 9, the structure and principle of gas ionization chamber 31 are illustrated.
Gas ionization chamber 31 generally has two types, and a kind of is the pulse ionization chamber for recording single radiating particle, be can be used for
Measure the energy and intensity of heavy charged particle；Another kind is to record the current ionization chamber of a large amount of radiating particle average effects and add up
The accumulative ionisation chamber of effect, it is mainly used in measuring X, γ, β and neutron intensity or dosage, the former is employed herein.
Gas ionization chamber 31 is mainly made up of the electrode in different potentials, and the shape of electrode is essentially arbitrary, but
Using it is upper be parallel-plate and cylinder mostly.Separated between electrode with insulator 314, and be sealed in the container of certain gas
It is interior.When radiating particle is by gas between electrode, electronics caused by ionization and cation just respectively along with against space
The direction motion of electric field, finally is collected.Wherein, the electrode being connected with register instrument is called passive electrode 311, and it is logical
Overload resistance eutral grounding.Another electrode then adds hundreds of to several kilovoltages, is high-field electrode 312.In the He of passive electrode 311
Also a protection ring 313, its current potential are identical with passive electrode 311 between high-field electrode 312.Between the electrode of protection ring 313 and two
And separated by insulator 314, the effect of protection ring 313 is the leakage current from high-field electrode 312 to ground is not passed through collection
Electrode 311, and keep the electric field at the edge of passive electrode 311 not distort and keep uniform.So, can have gas ionization chamber 31
Clear and definite sensitive volume.If without compound and diffusion loss, the whole ion pairs formed in sensitive volume all will be by two
Electrode is collected.
In order to avoid measurement error caused by electrical leak between electrodes, the technique of the most critical of gas ionization chamber 31 be ensure electrode it
Between insulation effect.Can typically the insulating materials of function admirable be selected to have quartz, aluminum oxide, polystyrene etc..
In addition, the gas ionization chamber 31 of the present invention could be arranged to slim-lined construction, i.e., similar to the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes, such a mode can be with
Detector array is made close, to improve its resolution ratio and sensitivity；On gas ionization chamber 31 other parts and
Acquisition Circuit etc. is referred to prior art, as space is limited, repeats no more herein.
It should be noted that the part that electronic portal image device includes is more, the structure of each part is complex, herein
Only its ray detector is illustrated, other parts refer to prior art, and here is omitted.
Present invention also offers the scan method that a kind of electronics launched field influences device, comprise the following steps：
11) scanning dolly 2 of the driving provided with scanning element 3 moves to the other end by one end of scanning area, with completion pair
The scanning of whole scanning area, obtain the image of whole scanning area；
12) according to the size at patient scan position in described image, a subregion is selected in the scanning area, is led to
A subregion can be often selected by linear array vertical direction circle, and fine scanning is carried out to the subregion, realizes sector scanning
Function；
13) the subregional data are only obtained, and rebuild the subregional precise image.
The image obtained in step 11) can be an image substantially, can substantially reflect the big of scanning area
Cause situation.Generally, patient 8 is what is required is simply that the irradiation of some position or specific region, and in general EPID can be to entirely sweeping
Retouch region to be scanned, position information is put to provide patient 8.Increase sector scanning function in the present invention, medical personnel can basis
The scanned position of patient 8, a subregion is selected in the image centre circle obtained, and can be with to other extraneous areas in scanning area
Ignore.
In detail, encoder can be used to be operated the control of performance to the scanning element 3 of each ranks：It can exist in advance
The software centre circle of console selects the location detection region of patient 8, i.e., described subregion, computer is by way of tabling look-up by subregion
The coding of scanning element 3 is issued in encoder corresponding to interior, the work of each gas ionization chamber 31 of scanning element 3 in the domain of control partition
Whether make.Accordingly, the subregional scan data of circle choosing can be only uploaded, the scanning element 3 for being not involved in work does not upload number
According to.Transmitted data amount can so be reduced, computer processing data burden is alleviated, saved data-analysis time and patient
8 sweep times.
Because gas ionization chamber 31 lasts a long time, working stability, so, it is generally the case that do not have in sector scanning mode
The necessary power supply mode to gas ionization chamber 31 does regional choice, that is to say, that although using sector scanning mode, entirely sweeps
The all gas ionisation chamber 31 retouched on dolly 2 can work on power simultaneously, simply selectively data be selected, i.e., only
Upload the scan data in the subregion of circle choosing；Unified high voltage supply mode can ensure the consistent of each gas ionization chamber 31
Property, improve scanning accuracy and accuracy.
Electronic portal image device provided by the present invention and its ray detector, scan method have been carried out in detail above
Introduce.Specific case used herein is set forth to the principle and embodiment of the present invention, the explanation of above example
It is only intended to help the core concept for understanding the present invention.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art,
Without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement and modification can also be carried out to the present invention, these are improved and modification also falls
Enter in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ray detector of electronic portal image device, it is characterised in that including being extended to by one end of scanning area
The track (1) of the other end and the scanning dolly (2) on the track (1), it is described scanning dolly (2) be provided with it is some by
Multiple gas ionization chambers (31) are arranged to be formed in the rectangular scanning element (3) for arranging and forming, the scanning element (3) along straight line
Scanning strip (4), multiple scanning strips (4) rearrange multiple rows of scanning linear array structure, the scanning area include with it is each described
Some sub- scanning areas corresponding to scanning strip (4), the scanning dolly (2) drive the scanning strip (4) to be moved along the track (1)
It is dynamic so that the single scanning strip (4) scans the corresponding sub- scanning area, to complete the whole scanning area
Scanning.
2. ray detector as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the high input voltage of the gas ionization chamber (31) and
Signal pins are drawn in its afterbody, and each gas ionization chamber (31) equidistantly arranges at grade.
3. ray detector as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that each scanning strip (4) equidistantly arranges, described to sweep
Retouching dolly (2) drives the scanning strip (4) to make simple scanning motion at intervals of distance with linear array.
4. ray detector as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the scanning strip (4) is vertical with the track (1),
Each scanning strip (4) is distributed in the scanning area.
5. the ray detector as described in claim any one of 1-4, it is characterised in that also include driving the scanning dolly
(2) along the mobile actuator (5) of the track (1).
6. ray detector as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the actuator (5) include motor (51) with
And the leading screw (52) extended in the same direction with the track (1), the scanning dolly (2) are spirally connected with the leading screw (52), the driving
Motor (51) drives the leading screw (52) to rotate, to drive the scanning dolly (2) mobile along the track (1).
7. a kind of electronic portal image device, including ray detector and the processor that is connected with its signal, it is characterised in that institute
Ray detector is stated as the ray detector described in the claims any one of 1-6, the scanning element (3) and the processing
Device signal connects, so that the scan data that the processor obtains according to the scanning element (3) carries out image reconstruction.
8. electronic portal image device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the scan data includes the intensity of signal
Information and position signalling, the scanning element (3) read the scan data using SCD reading circuits.
9. electronic portal image device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the track (1), which is provided with, to be used to detect
The position sensor (6) of described scanning dolly (2) position, the position sensor (6) are connected with the processor signal, so as to
Processor scan data according to the station location marker of the scanning dolly (2).
10. a kind of scan method of electronic portal image device, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
11) scanning dolly of the driving provided with scanning element moves to the other end by one end of scanning area, to complete to entirely sweeping
The scanning in region is retouched, obtains the image of whole scanning area；
Wherein, the scanning dolly is provided with some scanning elements, and the scanning element arranges to form scanning strip along straight line,
Multiple scanning strips rearrange multiple rows of scanning linear array structure；If the scanning area includes corresponding with each scanning strip
Sub- scanning area is done, the scanning dolly drives one end to the other end of the scanning strip along the scanning area to move so that
The single scanning strip scans the corresponding sub- scanning area, to obtain the image of whole scanning area；
12) size at the patient scan position according to described image, a subregion is selected in the scanning area, and
Scan the subregion；
13) the subregional data are only obtained, and rebuild the subregional image.
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| CN201410514532.7A CN104288912B (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | A kind of electronic portal image device and its ray detector, scan method |
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| CN201410514532.7A CN104288912B (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | A kind of electronic portal image device and its ray detector, scan method |
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| CN110389372B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2022-10-21 | 广州瑞多思医疗科技有限公司 | Portal calculation method and system |
| CN112494829A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-03-16 | 苏州雷泰医疗科技有限公司 | EPID with automatic imaging dose control, radiotherapy apparatus and method |
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| SE524380C2 (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2004-08-03 | Xcounter Ab | Exposure control in scanner-based detection of ionizing radiation |
| NL1024724C2 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2005-05-04 | Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc | System and method for measuring a local lung function using electron beam CT. |
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| EP1747799A1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-01-31 | Ion Beam Applications S.A. | Dosimetry device for verification of a radiation therapy apparatus |
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