CN103040480A - Digital X-ray medical treatment image system - Google Patents
Digital X-ray medical treatment image system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103040480A CN103040480A CN201210529759XA CN201210529759A CN103040480A CN 103040480 A CN103040480 A CN 103040480A CN 201210529759X A CN201210529759X A CN 201210529759XA CN 201210529759 A CN201210529759 A CN 201210529759A CN 103040480 A CN103040480 A CN 103040480A
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Abstract
A digital X-ray medical treatment image system belongs to the technical field of medical treatment X-ray image devices. The system is composed of an X-ray generator, a collimator, a digital detector, a scanning mechanism and a computer. X-ray generated by the X-ray generator passes through the collimator to form a planar sector beam and penetrates through a human body to reach the digital detector, a distribution condition of the ray intensity is directly detected by the digital detector, and a line of signal data is obtained. The signal data is scanned line by line through a line scanning method, and lines of pixel data are obtained. The lines of pixel data are transmitted to the computer and processed by the computer to obtain a required complete digital image. The X-ray generator comprises a ball pipe and a high pressure generator. The digital detector is a gas-filled ionization chamber detector array. The system achieves direct digital imaging and imaging by reducing radiation dosage; saves cost; is suitable for babies, teenagers, pregnant women and feeble and sick people, improves comprehensive competitiveness of hospitals; and has wide market prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Digitized X-ray medical imaging system, relate in particular to a kind of ultra low-volume Digitized X-ray image system, belong to medical x-ray image documentation equipment technical field.
Background technology
Medical apparatus industry is the new industry that is related to human body health and lives safety, and its product gathers and incorporated the last word of a large amount of modern science and technology, and many products are new and high technology products that medical science combines with multiple subject.In the Medical Device Market share of the whole world, the U.S. accounts for more than 40%, and Europe accounts for about 30%, and Japan accounts for 15%～18%, and China only accounts for 2%.At present, China's advanced medical image documentation equipment market is almost monopolized by offshore companies such as GE, SIEMENS.Under the huge market demand, correlation technique is being researched and developed and improving with all strength in countries in the world all, to contend the more and more fierce advanced medical equipment Market of competition.Therefore, the critical bottleneck technology in China this field in the urgent need to address for the national enterprise that develops oneself provides strong technical support, and drives the development of whole industry with this.
The mainstream development direction of International Medical X ray image equipment is Direct Digitalization and reduces radiation dose.
In recent years, X-ray treatment for radiation-caused disease harm that health is brought is subject to people's attention day by day.X-ray shooting causes lesion tissue and induced tumor, leukemic report is of common occurrence.In western countries, use and radiological dose that X-ray is made a video recording all have the pressure standard.
Ministry of Public Health has explicitly pointed out the importance of radiating medical safety in " the sanitary standard Eleventh Five-Year Plan " promulgated in 2007, lay special stress on is formulated radiation health protection, radiation protection evaluation and medical radiation access and relevant standard thereof.
At present the digital X ray machine produced of China core devices---detector all depends on import, can not autonomous production; In addition, existing digital X ray machine is not suitable for infant, teenager, anemia of pregnant woman and valetudinarian owing to radiation dose is high.According to statistics, there are 330,000 medical institutions in China, and nearly ten thousand of large-scale medical institutions and MECs have approximately 120,000 of common X-ray production apparatus, and model change market is huge when the time comes.Therefore, accelerate research and development and the industrialization of domestic low dosage digital medical X-ray machine extremely urgent.
In addition, in in the past China patient x-ray diagnosis, whether illly all to go out film, and wherein really ill also just account for 30%, a large amount of films have been wasted thus, general large hospital whenever is only the film expense just up to ten thousand yuan of 200-300, and wherein be meaningless waste mostly, after using ultra low-volume digitized x-ray medical imaging equipment, there is not ill not slice, perhaps store first, access again when by the time needing to use, so just saved a large amount of expenses, this equipment will directly solve the digitized problem of common radiation by the digitized photography system with classic, improve the synthesized competitiveness of hospital, when bringing good economic benefits to hospital, also created good social effect.
The exploitation of " Digital Medical Equipment " is clearly put forward as key task in National Medical Devices scientific and technological industry " the 12 " ad hoc planning of a few days ago announcing, " exploitation of low dosage digitized X-ray machine technology and product " also listed national science and technology Long-and Medium-term Development planning (novel therapeutic and conventional diagnostic equipment, digital medical technology) in.
Only have in the world a few countries such as the U.S., France, Japan, Canada, Russia to have the production technology of the critical component of digital medical x-ray image documentation equipment.Wherein:
Flat panel detector: only have in the world U.S. HOLIGIC, Japanese CANON, several the enterprises such as French TRIXELL SAS, U.S. GE to produce.
The dull and stereotyped ccd detector of fluorescence: there are Switzerland SWISSRAY company, Canadian IDC LLC in the enterprise that releases the dull and stereotyped ccd detector of fluorescence.
Line sweep detector: in the world, it is reported the core technology of Russia's grasp high sensitivity one dimension gas filled ionization chamber detector is only arranged and use it for digitized image equipment DR.The line sweep detector is compared its cost less than 1/10th with the flat board that technical performance approaches with the fluorescence flat panel detector.
The invention belongs to modern digitalization medical treatment Core equipment and key technology area.In today that this art level of China falls behind relatively, the meaning of this project is particularly outstanding.Not only can effectively drive the development of the related disciplines such as China's high sensitivity nuclear physics detecting technology, high-resolution radiant image technology, also to the integrated application level that improves China's nuclear technology, promote China's related industry development significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultra low-volume Digitized X-ray image system.
(1) the invention provides a kind of ultra low-volume Digitized X-ray image system
A kind of ultra low-volume Digitized X-ray image system, this system is comprised of x ray generator, collimator, digital detector, sweep mechanism and computer system;
The X ray that is sent by x ray generator becomes the plane sector bundle through behind the collimator, pass human body and arrive digital detector, the distribution situation of transmitted intensity is digitized the detector direct-detection out, obtain " delegation " signal data, described sweep mechanism makes x ray generator, collimator, digital detector at the uniform velocity mobile from bottom to top, remain at grade, line by line scan in the line sweep mode, obtain pixel data line by line; Pixel data line by line is transferred to computer, and machine is processed, is rebuild as calculated, obtains the complete digitized video that needs.
Described x ray generator comprises bulb and high tension generator;
Described collimator is the slit collimator, and described slit height is 0.6mm;
Described digital detector is the gas filled ionization chamber detector array;
Described sweep mechanism is mechanical leading screw linear guides or motor belt drive structure.
Described as calculated machine process, be redeveloped into (by/namely) the Direct Digital technology, be image pixel value with the X ray conversion of signals, thereby, guarantee under the prerequisite of minimum radiation dose, obtain the complete digitized video of needs.
Described gas filled ionization chamber detector array comprises ionization chamber shell (1); Incident ray conduit (2); Ka band batten (3); Positive plate (4); Change sensitive amplify device (5); Many clumps of modules (6); Analog-digital converter (7); Single file recorder and connection circuit board (8); Electronic counter and power supply (9);
The ionization chamber that ionization chamber shell (1) surrounds contains incident ray conduit (2), Ka band batten (3), positive plate (4); Change sensitive amplify device (5), many clumps of modules (6), analog-digital converter (7), single file recorder and connection circuit board (8);
The high pressure of positive plate (4) connection+1kV, negative electrode is the band batten, each tape of negative electrode links to each other with Change sensitive amplify device (5); Change sensitive amplify device (5) is by many clumps of modules (6), analog-digital converter (7), single file recorder and connect that circuit board (8) is final to link with electronic counter, electronic counter connection power supply;
Being full of pressure in the ionization chamber that ionization chamber shell (1) surrounds is 15 atmospheric pure xenons; X ray enters ionization chamber through incident ray conduit (2), and light guide and guarantees along the entrance window short transverse it is uniform so that the blind area minimizes;
Behind the atomic interaction of x-ray photon and working gas, be ionized to the gas that comprises electronics and ion, under the effect of electric field, electric charge is free to corresponding ionization chamber electrode, and the Change sensitive amplify device (5) that the electric charge of assembling at the tape of each Ka band batten (3) is attached thereto amplifies; Change sensitive amplify device (5) is by many clumps of modules (6), analog-digital converter (7), single file recorder and connect the electronic counter that circuit board (8) is finally given the outside, electronic counter connects computer, then computer is counted, and radioscopic image carries out obtaining after the synchronous scanning to the examinee by detector and radiation source like this.
768 of described gas filled ionization chamber detector array gas filled ionization chamber tape quantity, tape interval 1.06mm, tape length 60mm, 0.125ms when the acquisition time 2.5ms of every row, reading blind, channel capacity γ 16384, Electronics noice, δ≤5 γ; The lowest charge scale γ 1.4 of the automatic electronic counter device ADU of detector, xenon gas pressure, 15 atmospheric pressure, anode voltage ,+1kV.
Why to adopt the gas filled ionization chamber detector?
(1) the gas filled ionization chamber detector does not have dark current, that is to say the fluctuating that does not have them.Simultaneously, corresponding each charge number (being about 2000 electronics) that is recorded photon is enough to make background noise (γ photon) little, and can not increase actual statistical noise.
(2) call wire of (1mm) gas filled ionization chamber detector is continuous when spatial resolution is enough high, does not need to adopt interpolation method " stitching ", does not also have the blind area.
(3) the gas filled ionization chamber detector does not contain the element that affected by X ray and fail.This detector good reliability that high-quality produces, service free and maintenance can be used a lot of years continuously.
Described sweep mechanism when scanning light beam should be minimum with respect to the rocking of central authorities of digital detector window.Should be within ± 0.9mm in surplus in the desirable adjustment situation.Consider many factors (non-accurate adjustment, the non-straight of collimator and digital detector window, the runout of bulb anode), this does not rock and should exceed ± 0.2mm.
Described computer system also links to each other with described sweep mechanism by the CAN network.In addition, the rotation of the motor speed that (, slit collimator, digital detector) rises so that x ray generator is that the speed of 40cm/s is rational to us.
The present invention is the X ray conversion of signals image pixel value, thereby is guaranteeing to obtain the digitized image without information dropout under the minimum radiation dose prerequisite.
In addition, why adopt system's scan mode that at the uniform velocity is synchronized with the movement from bottom to top about the present invention: the existing system scan mode has several---and radiographic source can move or be static, digital detector can horizontal or vertically be placed, and can do parallel or circular arc moves.The present invention takes the digital detector horizontal positioned, and realizes the plane parallel scan mode.This scan mode of the present invention has following advantage: a) length is short, also is the digital detector of relative simple cheap therefore; B) image does not have geometric distortion fully along the human body longitudinal direction, and laterally distortion is very little, because item sizes is wanting little several times along this horizontal direction.C) the image quality impact of the involuntary movement of human body in the process that can not be subjected to an examination.This movement can be found out on image, and (see Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the image fault that the present invention allows but do not affect its quality.) because as long as this direction of motion that occurs is vertical with the scanning direction, so just can not affect image in scanning process." every delegation " pixel of image is all finished in a short period of time one by one, even therefore produce motion in gatherer process, picture quality is still clear.
Simultaneously, described digital detector: one of basic operating conditions that can obtain minimum radiation dose namely is the window that all rays that pass person under inspection's health all enter digital detector.The present invention uses multichannel ionization chamber detector, and the height of its window is 3mm.
A) rational width of digital detector window is 800mm.The person under inspection can loosen and stands when images acquired like this, and also has surplus from the left and right sides.Therefore, when focal spot to the distance of digital detector was about 2000mm, the irradiation of guarantee detector window was even, and the distortion of image along continuous straight runs is less.The vertical placement of x ray generator bulb is because can improve like this irradiation uniformity of detector window.
B) inspection chamber need to occupy the part among the 2000mm, and its rational width should be 700mm.When width during greater than this numerical value, the change of the beam sizes in the digital detector plane (vertically) is large, can decrease along the resolution of this coordinate.For keeping certain resolution, need to correspondingly reduce the height of collimator slit, and this can increase the heating degree of bulb.Therefore, given inspection chamber width is 700mm, and so corresponding collimator to the distance of digital detector window is 750mm.
C) if the height of collimator is 0.6mm, focal spot size vertically also is 0.6mm, and the height of light beam on the digital detector plane then is 1.2mm so.So just be enough to guarantee the necessary resolution of vertical direction, and the upper and lower of light beam all respectively there is the surplus of 0.9mm.And this surplus is that to guarantee that in scanning process light beam does not reach the upper and lower edge of digital detector window necessary.If have contact, the striped of horizontal direction will occur at image.The imperfection of mechanical mechanism (motion is not harmonized, the vibration of collimator, bulb or digital detector, the perhaps runout of bulb anode) all can cause vertically rocking at digital detector window place's light beam.That collimator or digital detector window are not that desirable straightened condition has more increased the weight of this situation.
D) according to the regulation of IEC336 standard to the bulb focal spot size, if the focal spot vertical direction is of a size of 0.6mm, so in fact this size only has high-end bulb can reach 0.9mm in the 0.91.3mm scope.In order to obtain the 0.6mm of our expectation, approximately 5 degree can recede bulb.
(2) injectivity optimizing (reducing)
On the human body image that the present invention obtains, the photon numbers that the passage of corresponding waist records is minimum.And want high times in the photon numbers that passage corresponding to cervical region, pulmonary and shank records, that is to say, the contrast sensitivity at these positions of human body is higher a lot (for example than waist, every recordable quantity of passage of corresponding pulmonary reaches 3500 photons, can altogether only record approximately 75 photons simultaneously in every passage of corresponding waist).Therefore, total the radiation dose for reducing, we adjust radiant intensity with scan procedure (vertically) in suggestion, so that the radiant intensity of x-ray transmission in every delegation is different.Because every row information is to be transferred to successively computer, therefore this adjustment is feasible.If corresponding human body to be detected " the passage photon numbers may be too high, namely can send the instruction that reduces the bulb electric current.Certainly, electric current reduces to postpone several row, but this is unimportant to reducing this task of dosage.After scanning is finished, for the treatment of converting normal form to by the normalization of corresponding row with the image that shows.
The method be except reducing radiation dose, also can reduce and on average stablize scattered power etc. and bring the effect in a series of fronts.
The present invention has realized Direct Digitalization and has reduced radiation dose.
Our selected x ray generator high tension generator of the present invention, bulb and scan method and digital detector all are in order to guarantee minimum radiation dose and the highest image quality.We have also proposed requirement to sweep mechanism simultaneously, and its reliability has determined the reliability of whole system to a great extent, also is in order to guarantee to detect effect.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention has reduced radiation dose, has guaranteed image quality, and is significant in the development of the correlation techniques such as China's high sensitivity nuclear physics detecting technology.
The present invention can also, do not have ill not slice, saved a large amount of expenses; Simultaneously, improve the synthesized competitiveness of hospital.In addition, use the low X-ray machine of radiation dose, preferably to infant, teenager, anemia of pregnant woman and valetudinarian.Have more wide market future.According to statistics, there are 330,000 medical institutions in China, and nearly ten thousand of large-scale medical institutions and MECs have approximately 120,000 of common X-ray production apparatus, and model change market is huge.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is logical schematic of the present invention.The omission picture removes the connecting line between computer and the detector among the figure.
Fig. 2 is the image fault that the present invention allows.
Fig. 3 is principle of the invention schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is X ray optical system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is gas filled ionization chamber panel detector structure schematic diagram.Wherein, 1-ionization chamber shell, 2-incident ray conduit, 3-Ka band batten, 4-positive plate, 5-Change sensitive amplify device, many clumps of modules of 6-, 7-analog-digital converter, 8-single file recorder and connection circuit board, 9-electronic counter and power supply.
Fig. 6 is Scan Architecture of the present invention (leading screw-linear guides-annular cingulum) structural representation.Wherein, 11-X ray generator, 12-linear guides column, 13-collimator, 14-motor, 15-detector.
Fig. 7 is Scan Architecture of the present invention (leading screw-linear guides-track) structural representation.
Fig. 8 is Scan Architecture of the present invention (metal tape-electromotor-wheel hub) structural representation.Among the figure, the 16-metal tape.
Fig. 9 is Scan Architecture of the present invention (post shore-metal tape-electromotor-wheel hub) structural representation.The 14-motor, 16-metal tape, 17-metallic cable.
The specific embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Some of system (great majority) elements can obtain by direct purchase, such as high tension generator, bulb, computer and display etc.The present invention only provides a specific embodiment, and parts are equal to replacement equally within protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of ultra low-volume Digitized X-ray image system, this system is comprised of x ray generator (comprising bulb, high tension generator), slit collimator, digital detector, sweep mechanism and computer system; The X ray that is sent by x ray generator X-ray bulb becomes the plane sector bundle behind collimator, then pass human body and arrive the gas filled ionization chamber detector array, and the distribution situation of transmitted intensity by direct-detection out obtains " delegation " signal data.Under the help of sweep mechanism (error is no more than 100 μ m in the span scope of moving assembly at 2m), bulb, collimator and digital detector are parallel at the uniform velocity mobile, line by line scan in the line sweep mode, obtain pixel data line by line, obtain a complete digital picture through after the Computer Processing.The present invention is the X ray conversion of signals image pixel value, thereby is guaranteeing to obtain the digitized image without information dropout under the minimum radiation dose prerequisite.
Described x ray generator comprises high tension generator and bulb.
The generator model of the specification requirement of described high tension generator, recommendation:
Native system can use one of generator of those industrialized mass production that are used for the medical X-ray imaging device.When selecting high tension generator, need to meet the following conditions:
1, the All Time of opening must not surpass the 2s clock.Trackslip voltage and pre-thermal voltage at the anode of this bulb should appearance in the 0.5s after sending " startups " instruction, and high pressure is then after 1 second.
2, the high-voltage pulse time is 3.5～5 seconds (relevant with person under inspection's height), and can not surpass 200ms settling time.The stability of high pressure is not less than 0.5% during this period.
3, high-pressure pulsating can not surpass 0.5%.
4, voltage is 100～140kV, and that sets is spaced apart 5kV.
5, electric current can be spaced apart the setting of 1mA in 5 to 30mA scopes;
6, the time of execution electric current change instruction can not surpass 2ms/1mA (this parameter is laid the groundwork for further reduction in future dosage).
7, the peak power in exit is 5kW.
8, maximum mAs is 200.
9, open, close and the setting of electric current and voltage all should be finished according to the instruction that computer sends by standard port.Do not need manual setting device.
Simultaneously:
A, adjusting electric current are in order to reduce dosage.For the thinner people of stature, electric current can so reduce, even the x-ray absorbtivity is few, but will keep the load of abdomen area constant.Correspondingly, the radiation dose that is subject to of human body reduces.
B, when needs carry out heavy dose of inspection (when the suspicious state of an illness is carried out scanography), certainly, for generator and the bulb of realizing that this inspection required power is larger.Even like this, also there is the industrialization generator of batch production available.
C, can buy world-renowned " Sedecal " or the manufacturer's of Korea S " Poscom " generator.We think, the generator that Korea S produces be first-selection:
1, current, " Poscom " generator wants preferential many than the price of " Sedecal ";
2, the generator of " Poscom " company is widely used in scan-type medical X-ray imaging system, and its product has been fit to the various requirement of similar medical system.
Described bulb, when checked that quantity reaches the 1000 routine left and right sides every day, even best bulb also only has the service life of some months, another selection may be to use the industrialization bulb that fixed anode and water-cooled or oil cooling are arranged.Here, the high-quality medical bulb that our recommend adoptions Italy IAE company produces, all fault is very little up to now for the very reliable and product of its product.
Described bulb:
The RTM101 type bulb that Italy IAE company produces satisfies above-mentioned requirements fully.
(going out port filter and should be able to removing soft rays in the radiation of x ray generator can realize by the Copper Foil that uses 100 μ m.)
In addition, again when can strengthening radiation dose to special suspicion, the RTM103MAX0.3/0.6 type bulb that for this reason can use Italian IAE company to produce, in the situation that keep resolution and scanning speed constant it dosage can be enlarged to 10 μ Sv and check.
Described collimator is the slit collimator, and described slit height is 0.6mm, and length can be 800mm.(as long as length is greater than a people front Breadth Maximum.)
Described gas filled ionization chamber detector array comprises ionization chamber shell (1); Incident ray conduit (2); Ka band batten (3); Positive plate (4); Change sensitive amplify device (5); Many clumps of modules (6); Analog-digital converter (7); Single file recorder and connection circuit board (8); Electronic counter and power supply (9);
The ionization chamber that ionization chamber shell (1) surrounds contains incident ray conduit (2), Ka band batten (3), positive plate (4); Change sensitive amplify device (5), many clumps of modules (6), analog-digital converter (7), single file recorder and connection circuit board (8);
The high pressure of positive plate (4) connection+1kV, negative electrode is the band batten, each tape of negative electrode links to each other with Change sensitive amplify device (5); Change sensitive amplify device (5) is by many clumps of modules (6), analog-digital converter (7), single file recorder and connect that circuit board (8) is final to link with electronic counter, electronic counter connection power supply;
Being full of pressure in the ionization chamber that ionization chamber shell (1) surrounds is 15 atmospheric pure xenons; X ray enters ionization chamber through incident ray conduit (2), and light guide and guarantees along the entrance window short transverse it is uniform so that the blind area minimizes;
Behind the atomic interaction of x-ray photon and working gas, be ionized to the gas that comprises electronics and ion, under the effect of electric field, electric charge is free to corresponding ionization chamber electrode, and the Change sensitive amplify device (5) that the electric charge of assembling at the tape of each Ka band batten (3) is attached thereto amplifies; Change sensitive amplify device (5) is by many clumps of modules (6), analog-digital converter (7), single file recorder and connect the electronic counter that circuit board (8) is finally given the outside, electronic counter connects computer, then computer is counted, and radioscopic image carries out obtaining after the synchronous scanning to the examinee by detector and radiation source like this.
768 of described gas filled ionization chamber detector array gas filled ionization chamber tape quantity, tape interval 1.06mm, tape length 60mm, 0.125ms when the acquisition time 2.5ms of every row, reading blind, channel capacity γ 16384, Electronics noice, δ≤5 γ; The lowest charge scale γ 1.4 of the automatic electronic counter device ADU of detector, xenon gas pressure, 15 atmospheric pressure, anode voltage ,+1kV.
Described digital detector: one of basic operating conditions that can obtain minimum radiation dose namely is the window that all rays that pass person under inspection's health all enter digital detector.The present invention uses multichannel ionization chamber detector, and the height of its window is 3mm.
A) rational width of digital detector window is 800mm.The person under inspection can loosen and stands when images acquired like this, and also has surplus from the left and right sides.Therefore, when focal spot to the distance of digital detector was about 2000mm, the irradiation of guarantee digital detector window was even, and the distortion of image along continuous straight runs is less.The vertical placement of x ray generator bulb is because can improve like this irradiation uniformity of detector window.
B) inspection chamber need to occupy the part among the 2000mm, and its rational width should be 700mm.When width during greater than this numerical value, the change of the beam sizes in the digital detector plane (vertically) is large, can decrease along the resolution of this coordinate.For keeping certain resolution, need to correspondingly reduce the height of collimator slit, and this can increase the heating degree of bulb.Therefore, given inspection chamber width is 700mm, and so corresponding collimator to the distance of digital detector window is 750mm.
C) if the height of collimator is 0.6mm, focal spot size vertically also is 0.6mm, and the height of light beam on the digital detector plane then is 1.2mm so.So just be enough to guarantee the necessary resolution of vertical direction, and the upper and lower of light beam all respectively there is the surplus of 0.9mm.And this surplus is that to guarantee that in scanning process light beam does not reach the upper and lower edge of digital detector window necessary.If have contact, the striped of horizontal direction will occur at image.The imperfection of mechanical mechanism (motion is not harmonized, the vibration of collimator, bulb or digital detector, the perhaps runout of bulb anode) all can cause vertically rocking at digital detector window place's light beam.That collimator or digital detector window are not that desirable straightened condition has more increased the weight of this situation.
D) according to the regulation of IEC336 standard to the bulb focal spot size, if the focal spot vertical direction is of a size of 0.6mm, so in fact this size only has high-end bulb can reach 0.9mm in the 0.91.3mm scope.In order to obtain the 0.6mm of our expectation, approximately 5 degree can recede bulb.
We also provide other reference parameters of digital detector simultaneously: described digital detector length 814mm highly is 3mm; 768 of tape quantity, tape interval 1.06mm, tape length 60mm, 0.125ms when the acquisition time 2.5ms of every row, reading blind, channel capacity γ 16384, Electronics noice, δ≤5 γ; The lowest charge scale γ 1.4 of the auto-counter ADU of digital detector, xenon gas pressure, Xe-15 atmospheric pressure, anode voltage ,+1kV.
Apply+high pressure of 1kV for described positive plate, and each tape of Ka band batten link with the electronic counting passage; Being full of pressure in the ionization chamber is 15 atmospheric pure xenons.Ray enters ionization chamber through light guide, and the structure of light guide and has guaranteed that ray is uniform along the entrance window short transverse so that the blind area minimizes.Produce primary ionization behind the atomic interaction of x-ray photon and working gas, the ionization composition is to the drift electrode of correspondence.Consequent electric charge partly carries out record by electronics.
Described sweep mechanism is take the linear guides of industrial ball-lead screw pair as the basis, being synchronized with the movement by bringing the leading screw that drives linear guides to be guaranteed by same electromotor through identical annular tooth of x ray generator, collimator and digital detector;
Described sweep mechanism error in the span scope of 2m is no more than 100 μ m.
Described sweep mechanism is for reference:
(scheme 1) is take the linear guides of industrial ball-lead screw pair as basis (Fig. 6).Being synchronized with the movement by bringing the leading screw that drives linear guides to be guaranteed by same electromotor through identical annular tooth of x ray generator, collimator and digital detector.
(scheme 2) (see Fig. 7, parts identical with Fig. 6 among the figure just identify again, and are lower same.) difference is the linear guides design of x ray generator.The track of guide rail upright columns both sides is symmetrical with respect to x ray generator.This structure has obviously reduced the probability that collimator twists and vibrates.This orbit distribution also has suitability for industrialized production in the linear guides of both sides.
Below two schemes come pull strength in the conversion equipment component movement with the pulley of metal tape and relevant position.
The metal tape (16) of (scheme 3) (seeing Fig. 8) equal length is wrapped on the wheel hub of electromotor, comes the synchronicity of two component movement of assurance equipment with this.
(scheme 4) (as shown in Figure 9), built is on independent column respectively for the identical metal tape of length, and section's metal tape connects as one and is fixed on the same metallic cable (17) within it, and this rope is wrapped on the wheel hub of electromotor.Guaranteed like this synchronicity of equipment moving parts.
In all schemes, for preventing occurring unfavorable vibration in the scanning process, all adopt the close mechanical connected mode between the free end of linear guides.Every kind of scheme has the pluses and minuses of oneself.
Can learn by contrast screw type and metal band type transmission scheme:
The screw type linear actuator is ripe industrialization product, and belted reliability is then relevant with the quality of Design and manufacture with the life-span.
The screw type actuating device has the characteristics of self-retention, and belt does not then have, therefore in the situation that need special safety with fracture.
The relative screw type of noise level of tape drive mechanism low.
Tape drive mechanism is lower than screw type cost.
The service life of screw type actuating device with safeguard that (regular lubricated and maintenance) is closely related, belt drive then need not such maintenance.
Here, we provide described sweep mechanism motor acceleration, deceleration proposed parameter scheme:
Wherein, V-scanning speed; The t acceleration, deceleration time; S acceleration, deceleration stroke; A-acceleration, deceleration degree.
From user's viewpoint, the first scheme is more attractive certainly, and overall sweep time and device height are little.And to maker, first scheme is more easily realized, because the acceleration, deceleration degree will hang down one times.The speed of 40cm/s is fully reasonable concerning us.That is to say, check that the people of 2 meters of heights can finish with interior at 5 seconds, the shorter required time of stature is also relatively short.Simple this speed that improves does not have too large practical significance, because this can increase the load of mechanical mechanism.
Therefore, the type that our selected scan method and X-ray are learned system has all guaranteed minimum radiation dose and the highest image quality, and the while has also proposed strict requirement to sweep mechanism, and its reliability has determined the reliability of whole system to a great extent.
Described computer system also links to each other with described sweep mechanism by the CAN network.
Described as calculated machine is processed, is rebuild by the Direct Digital technology, is image pixel value with the X ray conversion of signals, thereby, guarantee under the prerequisite of minimum radiation dose, obtain the complete digitized video that needs.
The present invention can carry out injectivity optimizing under a stable condition.The present invention is carried out injectivity optimizing (reducing): on the human body image that the present invention obtains, the photon numbers that the passage of corresponding waist records is minimum.And want high times in the photon numbers that passage corresponding to cervical region, pulmonary and shank records, that is to say, the contrast sensitivity at these positions of human body is higher a lot (for example than waist, every recordable quantity of passage of corresponding pulmonary reaches 3500 photons, can altogether only record approximately 75 photons simultaneously in every passage of corresponding waist).Therefore, total the radiation dose for reducing, we adjust radiant intensity with scan procedure (vertically) in suggestion, so that the radiant intensity of x-ray transmission in every delegation is different.Because every row information is to be transferred to successively computer, therefore this adjustment is feasible.If corresponding human body to be detected " the passage photon numbers may be too high, sends the instruction (described high tension generator electric current being spaced apart the setting of 1mA in 5 to 30mA scopes) that reduces the bulb electric current.Certainly, electric current reduces to postpone several row, but this is unimportant to reducing this task of dosage.After scanning is finished, for the treatment of converting normal form to by the normalization of corresponding row with the image that shows.
Opening device of the present invention, X ray by high tension generator, bulb emission becomes the plane sector bundle behind collimator, then pass human body and arrive the gas filled ionization chamber detector array, the distribution situation of transmitted intensity by direct-detection out obtains " delegation " signal data.X ray generator, collimator, digital detector are moved together by sweep mechanism, from the bottom up, at the uniform velocity mobile take sweep mechanism speed as 40cm/s speed, line by line scan in the line sweep mode, obtain pixel data line by line, be transferred to computer, obtain a complete digital picture through after the Computer Processing.
The present invention guaranteeing under the minimum radiation dose prerequisite, and the X ray conversion of signals is obtained digitized image without information dropout.
The present invention has realized Direct Digitalization and has reduced radiation dose.
The present invention is significant in the development of the correlation techniques such as China's high sensitivity nuclear physics detecting technology.Saved a large amount of expenses; Preferably to infant, teenager, anemia of pregnant woman and valetudinarian, improved the synthesized competitiveness of hospital.Have more wide market future.
Claims (10)
1. a Digitized X-ray image system is characterized in that, this Digitized X-ray image system is comprised of x ray generator, collimator, digital detector, sweep mechanism and computer system;
The X ray that described x ray generator sends becomes the plane sector bundle through behind the collimator, passes human body and arrives digital detector, and the distribution situation of transmitted intensity is digitized the detector direct-detection out, obtains " delegation " signal data; Described sweep mechanism makes x ray generator, collimator, digital detector at the uniform velocity mobile from bottom to top, remains at grade, lines by line scan in the line sweep mode, obtains pixel data line by line; Pixel data line by line is transferred to computer, after machine is processed as calculated, obtains the complete digitized video that needs.
2. a kind of Digitized X-ray image system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described x ray generator comprises bulb and high tension generator.
3. a kind of Digitized X-ray image system according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described bulb is the RTM103MAX0.3/0.6 type bulb that the RTM101 type bulb produced of Italian IAE company or Italian IAE company produce;
Described high tension generator need meet the following conditions at least: the high-voltage pulse time is 3.5～5 seconds, and can not surpass 200ms settling time, and the stability of high pressure is not less than 0.5%; Electric current can be spaced apart the setting of 1mA in 5 to 30mA scopes.
4. a kind of Digitized X-ray image system according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described high tension generator is the manufacturer's of Korea S " Poscom " generator.
5. a kind of Digitized X-ray image system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described collimator is the slit collimator, and described slit height is 0.6mm.
6. a kind of Digitized X-ray image system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described sweep mechanism is mechanical leading screw linear guides or motor belt drive structure.
7. a kind of Digitized X-ray image system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described sweep mechanism rate of climb is 40cm/s.
8. a kind of Digitized X-ray image system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described digital detector is the gas filled ionization chamber detector array.
9. a kind of Digitized X-ray image system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described gas filled ionization chamber detector array comprises ionization chamber shell (1); Incident ray conduit (2); Ka band batten (3); Positive plate (4); Change sensitive amplify device (5); Many clumps of modules (6); Analog-digital converter (7); Single file recorder and connection circuit board (8); Electronic counter and power supply (9);
The ionization chamber that ionization chamber shell (1) surrounds contains incident ray conduit (2), Ka band batten (3), positive plate (4); Change sensitive amplify device (5), many clumps of modules (6), analog-digital converter (7), single file recorder and connection circuit board (8);
The high pressure of positive plate (4) connection+1kV, negative electrode is the band batten, each tape of negative electrode links to each other with Change sensitive amplify device (5); Change sensitive amplify device (5) is by many clumps of modules (6), analog-digital converter (7), single file recorder and connect that circuit board (8) is final to link with electronic counter, electronic counter connection power supply;
Being full of pressure in the ionization chamber that ionization chamber shell (1) surrounds is 15 atmospheric pure xenons; X ray enters ionization chamber through incident ray conduit (2), and light guide and guarantees along the entrance window short transverse it is uniform so that the blind area minimizes;
Behind the atomic interaction of x-ray photon and working gas, be ionized to the gas that comprises electronics and ion, under the effect of electric field, electric charge is free to corresponding ionization chamber electrode, and the Change sensitive amplify device (5) that the electric charge of assembling at the tape of each Ka band batten (3) is attached thereto amplifies; Change sensitive amplify device (5) is by many clumps of modules (6), analog-digital converter (7), single file recorder and connect the electronic counter that circuit board (8) is finally given the outside, electronic counter connects computer, then computer is counted, and radioscopic image carries out obtaining after the synchronous scanning to the examinee by detector and radiation source like this.
10. a kind of Digitized X-ray image system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, 768 of described gas filled ionization chamber tape quantity, tape interval 1.06mm, tape length 60mm, the acquisition time 2.5ms of every row, 0.125ms during reading blind, channel capacity γ 16384, Electronics noice, δ≤5 γ; The lowest charge scale γ 1.4 of the automatic electronic counter device ADU of detector, xenon gas pressure, 15 atmospheric pressure, anode voltage ,+1kV.
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| CN112071405A (en) * | 2020-10-18 | 2020-12-11 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | Method, system and device for marking detection area of ionization chamber |
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