CN104285716A - Unit cultivation device - Google Patents
Unit cultivation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104285716A CN104285716A CN201410580080.2A CN201410580080A CN104285716A CN 104285716 A CN104285716 A CN 104285716A CN 201410580080 A CN201410580080 A CN 201410580080A CN 104285716 A CN104285716 A CN 104285716A
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- cultivation
- cultivation unit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
- A01G13/0212—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants for individual plants, e.g. for plants in pots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/021—Pots formed in one piece; Materials used therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a unit cultivation device. The main body of the unit cultivation device is a cultivation facility or a cultivation container which can enable a cultivation unit to be obviously distinguished from the external environment. The unit cultivation device comprises a cover, and/or a hood, and/or at least one root control device and/or at least one ventilation device. The size of the cover enables the cover to enough cover the cultivation unit and to prevent rainwater from naturally falling into the cultivation unit. The hood can at least wrap no less than one half of a tree crown and at least wrap the portion from the largest perimeter position to the top of the tree crown. The root control device can affect a root system in a blocking, or wrapping, or limiting or guiding mode. The ventilation device is of a non-sealed cavity structure or made of porous materials. The cultivation unit where inside matter can not seep out and outside matter can not seep in can be adopted by the main body according to needs. A plant cultivation body can be manufactured through the unit cultivation device. The unit cultivation device can solve the problems that according to an existing cultivation device, water and fertilizer are prone to loss, the device is prone to being affected by the external environment, and container cultivation can not be widely applied to production type cultivation, and reduces constraint of agricultural production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to a kind of blocking culturing device.
Background technology
It is the most frequently used plant cultivation mode that ground plants, by the constraint of the natural conditions such as soil with influence each other larger with the external world, the moisture in simultaneously cultivating and nutrient loss larger.Soil determines to a great extent can the kind of cultivated plant and output, drought, flood, desertify, saline and alkaline, barren, pollute or soil that other is not suitable for for cultivated plant soil for growth, just be not suitable for the plant that cultivated plant or cultivation are wanted to cultivate, if must the cultivating soil cost that needs Overall Reconstruction to transform also higher.In plant cultivation process, deforest and reclamation, fill out to build up fields in lake (wetland), applying pesticides chemical fertilizer, excessively to cultivate etc. and also may environment be worked the mischief, as destroyed the ecosystem, the contaminated environment and reduction soil fertility etc. of original vegetation and composition thereof, this has become global ecological problem.External environment and weather etc. are also very large for the impact of plant cultivation simultaneously, the natural calamities such as drought, flood, strong wind, extreme temperature, desertification or ecocatastrophe have very large negative effect for plant cultivation, the underproduction is even had no harvest, in addition due to industrialization, urbanization and the pollution for water source and soil caused also has a strong impact on the quality of food plant and the growth of cultivated plant, impact particularly for food plant quality much cannot distinguish on the surface, once the harm of the edible life and health for people is very large.The comprising losss, evaporation (moisture that particularly surface evaporation of plant itself and transpiration cause evaporates) and to be administered to outside Absorbable rod scope of moisture during ground plants and the approach of nutrient loss, not only may increase unnecessary cost, but also may contaminated environment destroy ecological, especially cause planting with carrying out difficulty under the severe natural conditions such as arid, barren very large, be difficult in these situations carry out carry out yielding ability cultivation.Yielding ability cultivation essence acts on cultivation for the purpose of product (edible mushroom etc. just do not need photosynthesis) to pursue fruit, seed, branch, dry, leaf or plant itself etc. by photosynthate or other, as the production of grain, vegetables, water/dry fruit, yule logs/timber/medicinal material etc., contaminated soil is not suitable for the production of edible medicinal plant product, is then applicable to the production of any plant product under the severe natural conditions such as arid, barren hardly.
Blocking cultivation refers to that one makes this cultivation unit obviously distinguish over external environment by cultivating facility or cultivating container, can carry out cultivation management meticulous more individually and control, then based on the cultivation that above-mentioned condition is implemented thus to cultivation unit.Container culturing is a kind of common blocking cultivation, thus cultivation condition is more controlled moves with being more convenient for, obviously reduce by constraints such as soil and comparatively planting with the interactional degree in the external world, moisture and nutrient loss also obviously reduce, but still have moisture and nutrient to be run off by bottom outlet and surface evaporation equal loss situation, and have easy ponding, root system misgrowth, the three large problems such as airtight to cause sizable application cultivating in yielding ability, general only for nursery and ornamental plants cultivation; Although water-tight vessel cultivation water saving joint fertile (because can not run off from bottom outlet) more, easily ponding, root system misgrowth, the three large problems such as airtight are more serious, so the occasion of use is less.
The application for a patent for invention plant cultivation method of same inventor, cultivation unit and commercial use (number of patent application is 201310004371.2) and other related application, because 201310004371.2 persons of being investigated are not with apparent creative for by rejecting (inventor does not agree to that this is rejected its reason but is at a complete loss as to what to do), so other Patents also Recall voluntarily in succession, then the innovation in patent application is in the past refined in combing again, emphasis easily loses for existing cultivation liquid manure, easily to be affected by the external environment and container culturing can not be widely used in the problems such as yielding ability cultivation and proposes a comparatively perfect solution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve existing cultivation liquid manure and easily lose, to be easily affected by the external environment and container culturing can not be widely used in the problems such as yielding ability cultivation.For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of blocking culturing device.This device on the basis of existing cultivating facility and cultivating container, easily lose for liquid manure, be easily affected by the external environment, root system misgrowth, the situation such as airtight and set up different functional devices, thus this blocking culturing device of common composition.
Ponding is the subject matter affecting most plants growth, be not only the plant of container culturing, the plant of planting also often be subject to the puzzlement of ponding, ponding affects except plant growth except itself, excess moisture is overflowed also can cause nutrient loss, in addition, if the acid rain caused due to pollution etc. do not add process and directly let alone pouring also directly can injure plant, add a lid therefore can to the cultivation unit of cultivated plant, prevent rainwater etc. from too much entering cultivation unit, can also prevent the evaporation of soil table, its technical scheme is as follows simultaneously:
Can perforate be the cultivation unit of planting supporting plant to outgrowth reserve position or perforate be that the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting reserves position to outgrowth, its size enough hides this cultivation unit can stop that rainwater falls into except tapping naturally, though and its can not collect rainwater or can collect rainwater that rainwater can make to be collected can not from comprising tapping, any position of cultivation unit at edge flows into this cultivation unit.Cover perforate to be that the plant growth of the cultivation unit of planting supporting reserves necessary position, as adopted plastics, lid that foam material is made can cut a hole when needed or tear an a hole (easy to handle cavernous structure so also can reserving in advance, process easily when needing and can form such hole), thus reserve necessary position for the plant growth of the cultivation unit of planting supporting; Also can in advance perforate be that the plant growth of the cultivation unit of planting supporting reserves necessary position.The size of lid enough hides supporting cultivation unit and stops that rainwater falls in hidden cultivation unit naturally, except can from reserving necessary position falls into naturally for plant to outgrowth, generally to be defined as to fall into and be no more than the former rainwater that naturally can fall into 5% of total amount of supporting cultivation unit, that is the position reserved can not be too large, its size is generally maximum can not exceed 5% of cultivation unit upper surface, can be larger after plant grows up, because the cane of plant itself is filled with again the space of this position, general enough plant growths need, because position size is limited, and add filling up of plant itself, therefore, it is possible to the rainwater naturally fallen into greatly reduces, in order to reduce extraneous rain water mitigation as far as possible, preferably allow to the rainwater that nature falls into and be no more than 5%.Only naturally do not fall into rainwater not enough, also to limit its shape and structure, the shape and structure can not collecting the rainwater that nature falls into can be should be, shape and structure as raised up comprises the funnel turned around, if can collect rainwater, collected rainwater equally likely makes to occur the situations such as ponding in cultivation unit; Rainwater that nature falls into can be collected though also can be but can make these rainwater be collected can not from comprising for plant to flow into the shape and structure of supporting cultivation unit to any position that outgrowth reserves necessary position, a such as funnel but the openning of funnel are outside cultivation unit, although can rainwater be collected like this but rainwater has flowed to beyond cultivation unit, if when non-container culturing, be generally the waterway flowed to beyond cultivating facility, so naturally also just do not affect.
The transpiration of plant self is consume the topmost mode of moisture for a lot of plant, accounting is generally more than 60%, and the transpiration that transpiration is mainly blade (on tree crown) accounts for the overwhelming majority, the moisture accounting that the transpiration of cane and other parts consumes is very little, but for there is no plant that blade or blade are very little as edible mushroom and cactus plant, although transpiration is not undertaken by blade, but sometimes also need the moisture loss that minimizing further brings because of transpiration, therefore can make like this for the cover of blocking cultivation, tree crown (referring to its acrial part for edible mushroom and cactus plant) to covering, the steam that transpiration is evaporated runs into this cover will be stopped, thus humidity in this scope is increased, reduce transpiration, part steam can condense into aqueous water for stop simultaneously, recoverable is reused for the plant that irrigation is planted, therefore a kind of cover for hiding tree crown is proposed here, its technical scheme is:
Light transmittance be not less than 20% and can stop vaporous water through, at least can cover the supporting cultivation unit institute cultivated plant being no less than 1/2nd tree crown and at least comprise from tree crown maximum perimeter to top; Or light transmittance is not less than 20%, it is at least provided with a transom or hole, remainder except these transoms or hole can stop vaporous water through, at least can cover the supporting cultivation unit institute cultivated plant being no less than 1/2nd tree crown and at least comprise from tree crown maximum perimeter to top.Adopt printing opacity to cross rate and be not less than 20% and the impervious material of vaporous water is made, sunlight is that photosynthesis is necessary, so material can not complete shading, but runs away due to the vaporous water that will prevent transpiration from producing, therefore will vaporous water can be stoped to pass through.Cover size shape structure at least can wrap up be no less than 1/2nd tree crown and at least comprise tree crown maximum perimeter place and with upper part, because vaporous water is generally advanced from lower to upper, therefore this cover mainly will block the outlet that vaporous water is run away up, tree crown maximum perimeter place is at least comprised and with upper part so preferably wrap up, although the better effects if that parcel that can be completely tight stops vaporous water to be run away, but cost may be with while increasing and serve side effect, such as dispel the heat bad, therefore can consider that only parcel is no less than the tree crown of 1/2nd, sometimes parcel may be needed to be no less than the tree crown of 2/3rds, if when temperature is higher, if parcel causes internal temperature too high, the growth of plant also can be affected, therefore need on basis above, it can establish one or more transom or hole, generally opening down, smaller for the influential effect stoping vaporous water to be run away like this, when condensed water is too much, can establish the guiding device of one or more condensed water in cover, such as mozzle, flow-guiding bar etc., when needing again to irrigate planted plant, can absorb part by condensate water guide to plant.
Root system misgrowth is the problem often run in container culturing, this problem is also that container culturing can not apply to yielding ability and cultivates topmost reason, research and develop such as chemical root control for this reason, the control root technology of physics control root (pruning control root as utilized air) etc., comprise the technology that some have applied to cultivating container, namely patent document CN00817365.6 proposed invention patent is a kind of cultivating container or its part of being pruned realization control root by air, but this invention is the control root for root system whole in cultivating container, and according to research display, most plants has redundancy root system in fact, that is plant growth does not need so many root systems, a kind of control root device for blocking cultivation that the present invention proposes, its technical scheme is as follows:
Can with stop, parcel, restriction, guiding etc. wherein a kind of or any various ways affect the root system of the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting, and at least can by whole root system or more than 80% main root system be limited in be no more than this cultivation unit available capacity 2/3rds growing space in, or at least the part root system being no more than 80% can be limited in be no more than this cultivation unit available capacity 1/2nd growing space in.This control root installed capacity general (if three-dimensional shape then containing the space surrounded, such as the device of a hollow ball-shape then refers to whole ball) be no more than 50% of supporting cultivation unit and can put into wherein, its shape and structure is ring-type, sieve-like or other is containing hole hither plane shape and structure, these are also three-dimensional strictly, but due to flakiness shape, so look like one plane, also can be a part for sphere, namely be not exclusively plane, here hither plane shape is referred to as, hither plane shape can be used for stopping that root system grows to certain direction, may be used for isolating root system, then in turn the root system of zones of different is cut by force, the growth (also having half not prune) simultaneously substantially not affecting again plant in very large space can not be dispersed in control whole root system.Hole is to allow root pass through, can the size of restricted root and the direction of growth; Also can be that non-fully closed hollow bulk, non-fully closed hollow tubulose, non-fully closed hollow are spherical, non-fully closed hollow helical form or other non-fully closed hollow three-dimensional shape structure, here solid is corresponding with plane above, refer to that those non-flakes obviously have the three-dimensional shape of certain volume shape, non-totally-enclosed referring to has at least a hole to allow root pass through, root system can wrap up by above-mentioned situation, and restriction guide root system grow in a limited space.Single control root device is like this general only for affecting part root system in supporting cultivation unit and not all root system, so much less than supporting cultivation unit, such as main root, one or several side root or wherein a part or the lower face of the whole system of fibrous root grade, such one is have flexibility can realize selectively controlling root more accurately, and two is to remove the root system of redundancy in conjunction with root system pruning thus to reduce that the total amount of root is simultaneously guaranteed has enough root systems can meet plant growth needs; Control root device as ring-type can entangle a root, for thickness and the direction of growth of restricted root, sieve-like then can simultaneously to entangle a root (root in a general hole), for limiting thickness and the direction of growth of many roots; The tubulose control root device of the equal opening in two ends can the thickness of more accurate restricted root and the direction of growth, if the tubulose control root device that the equal opening in two ends made by the empiecement adopting patent document CN00817365.6 to propose (utilizing air to prune principle) wraps up a side root, then can also inspire radicula, if adopt the control root device of spiral (pipe) shape, the space that cultivation unit is limited can be utilized more fully.The material of control root device is not limit, generally there is some strength, the size of restricted root is generally just with such material, sometimes also can not require for intensity, as long as affect the growth of root is in need, such as when adopting chemical root control, the chemical substance can controlling root also can as copper oxide gel is coated on soft material.
Airtight is also the major reason affecting plant growth, except cause because of ponding airtight except, it is modal one that soil (or other cultivation medium) hardens airtight, in order to improve gas permeability, here propose a kind of gas permeable devices for blocking cultivation, its technical scheme is as follows:
Make nonocclusive cavity structure, or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and the porous material that the hole of more than 80% is not closed pore make, or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and nonocclusive cavity structure made by the porous material that the hole of more than 80% is not closed pore, have a part at least during use and the hole that this part contains nonocclusive cavity or non-closed pore is embedded in the cultivation medium of supporting cultivation unit.The capacity (not containing the space surrounded) of gas permeable devices is no more than 30% of supporting cultivation unit and can puts into wherein.Directly can increase gas permeability with nonocclusive cavity structure device, such as two does not block closed permeability cell, inserts in medium and can increase gas permeability.Employing porous material is made or structure is loose structure and porosity is not less than 50%.Porous material a kind ofly forms the material of network structure by through or blind bore hole mutually, and the border of hole or surface are made up of pillar or flat board.Typical pore structure has: a kind of is assemble by a large amount of polygonal hole the two-dimensional structure formed in the plane; " honeycomb " material is called as because its shape is similar to the hexagonal structure of honeycomb; More generally the three-dimensional structure formed at space clustering by hole polyhedron-shaped in a large number, is referred to as " foam " material usually.If the solid forming hole is only present in the border (namely communicating between hole) of hole, be then called perforate; If hole surface is also solid, namely each hole and surrounding hole separate completely, be then called closed pore; Some hole is then half perforate semi-closure hole.Loose structure then refers to the structure having a lot of hole each other that granular solids mutually bonds or sinters and formed, other is identical with porous material character, here require that hole is mainly non-closed pore, more than at least 80% is not closed pore, otherwise does not have ventilative effect.If pore surface is hydrophobic, so aperture little to a certain extent after, water just cannot enter hole, thus can continue to keep gas permeability, therefore, on basis above, the pore surface it being not less than 50% can be made as required to be hydrophobic, when can remain on water logging like this, still to keep gas permeability, also the pore surface being not less than 50% can be made as required to be hydrophilic, at this moment can be used for carrying moisture.The gas permeable devices that this porous material is made can insert in medium also can all bury in people's medium increases gas permeability.Also can make nonocclusive cavity structure with above-mentioned material, two kinds of ventilative functions all have so simultaneously.
Above-mentioned control root device and gas permeable devices can unite two into one, and propose a kind of control root gas permeable devices for blocking cultivation thus, its technical scheme is as follows:
Make nonocclusive cavity structure or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and the hole of more than 80% is not the porous material of closed pore, with stop, parcel, restriction, guiding etc. wherein a kind of or any various ways affect the root system of the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting, and at least can by whole root system or more than 80% main root system be limited in be no more than cultivation unit available capacity 2/3rds growing space in, or at least the part root system being no more than 80% can be limited in be no more than cultivation unit available capacity 1/2nd growing space in.What corresponding explanation participation was correlated with above describes, and repeats no more here.
There is four kinds, foremost device, just can form one can solve existing cultivation liquid manure and easily lose, easily to be affected by the external environment and container culturing can not be widely used in the blocking culturing device of the problems such as yielding ability cultivation, main body is cultivating facility or the cultivating container that this cultivation unit can be made obviously to distinguish over external environment, namely plant is planted in such cultivating facility or cultivating container, any one cultivation unit that is existing or that have in the future, not restriction, but for the selection of above-mentioned four kinds of devices, four kinds can be selected simultaneously, also can select wherein a kind of, two or three, specifically can be decided according to the actual requirements, this actual needs may be the needs of institute's cultivated plant itself, also can be the needs that relevant cultivation condition causes, its concrete technical scheme is as follows:
Comprise one for hiding the lid of cultivation unit, can perforate be the cultivation unit of planting supporting plant to outgrowth reserve position or perforate be that the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting reserves position to outgrowth, its size enough hides this cultivation unit can stop that rainwater falls into except tapping naturally, though and its can not collect rainwater or can collect rainwater that rainwater can make to be collected can not from comprising tapping, any position of cultivation unit at edge flows into this cultivation unit;
Simultaneously/or comprise one for hiding the cover of cultivation unit institute cultivated plant tree crown, light transmittance be not less than 20% and can stop vaporous water through and at least can cover the supporting cultivation unit institute cultivated plant being no less than 1/2nd tree crown and at least comprise from tree crown maximum perimeter to top, or light transmittance is not less than 20%, it is at least provided with a transom or the hole remainder except these transoms or hole can stop vaporous water through and at least can cover the supporting cultivation unit institute cultivated plant being no less than 1/2nd tree crown and at least comprise from tree crown maximum perimeter to top.
Simultaneously/or comprise at least one control root device of cultivating for blocking, can with stop, parcel, restriction, guiding etc. wherein a kind of or any various ways affect the root system of the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting, and at least can by whole root system or more than 80% main root system be limited in be no more than this cultivation unit available capacity 2/3rds growing space in, or at least the part root system being no more than 80% can be limited in be no more than this cultivation unit available capacity 1/2nd growing space in;
Simultaneously/or comprise at least one gas permeable devices of cultivating for blocking, this device makes nonocclusive cavity structure, or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and the porous material that the hole of more than 80% is not closed pore make, or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and nonocclusive cavity structure made by the porous material that the hole of more than 80% is not closed pore, have a part at least during use and the hole that this part contains nonocclusive cavity or non-closed pore is bought in the cultivation medium of supporting cultivation unit;
Simultaneously/or comprise at least one control root gas permeable devices of cultivating for blocking, this device make nonocclusive cavity structure or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and the hole of more than 80% is not the porous material of closed pore, to stop, parcel, restriction, guidings etc. wherein a kind of or any various ways affect the root system of the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting, and at least can by whole root system or more than 80% main root system be limited in be no more than cultivation unit available capacity 2/3rds growing space in, or at least the part root system being no more than 80% can be limited in be no more than cultivation unit available capacity 1/2nd growing space in.
Aforesaid blocking culturing device, in order to avoid external influence and avoid impact extraneous, can to wherein as main body make this cultivation unit obviously distinguish over the cultivating facility of external environment or cultivating container is transformed, its technical scheme is as follows:
Make that its inner material can not seepage be gone out, exterior materials can not permeate, run off to prevent water fertilizer and influence each other with the external world.Seepage and infiltration all refer to by abiogenous seepage and infiltrations such as Action of Gravity Field, capillarity, natural siphons, but not by human intervention if the people such as extruding, siphon, initiatively filling are the seepage and infiltration that cause, and the ability avoiding the ability of seepage and infiltration also naturally to have with main part itself is limited.If the atresia cultivating container (being exactly generally main part alleged here) of a cultivated plant is all sunk to water (or sewage) or imbeds in the rubbish heap of pollution, due to water (or sewage) or rubbish drowned, therefore may infiltrate from the junction retaining plant growth position or main part and cover part, certainly inevitable external substance likely can permeate, in addition when the material being full of main part exceedes its capacity, moisture and the nutrient be dissolved in wherein of its inside also can overflow, and these are not in solution scope of the present invention.In reality, the top edge of cultivating container (being exactly generally main part alleged here) is generally smooth, and therefore the ability of this main part is limited to top edge, all seepage and/or infiltration does not occur below edge; And the cultivating container top edge of some abnormity is not neat, so according to Bucket Principle, the ability of this cultivating container is limited to top edge lowest part (hole of any position does not all include edge, and namely the main part alleged by this method should be all atresia within the scope of its accommodation below this lowest part).Above-mentioned feature realizes by cultivating facility or cultivating container itself, as made of materials such as plastics, pottery, metal, glass, only require short-term reach above-mentioned requirements also can adopt earth add straw and similar material normal temperature air-dry making atresia cultivation module (this material easily dry and cracked, meet moisture can soften, but a small amount of water in a short time again can not seepage, can use in a short time, and be easy to manual intervention, water and can shorten its life-span).But sometimes need to absorb water and nutrient from the external world or get rid of inner too much moisture and nutrient, but worry flow out or flow into too much, at this moment just can take to design like this: when cultivation unit internal liquid level determines position lower than certain, inner material can not seepage be gone out, or exterior materials can not permeate when cultivation unit internal liquid level determines position higher than certain, this can adopt check valve to realize, its position of installing is exactly above-mentionedly determine position, close when liquid level determines position lower than this when controlling to flow out time control system check valve from inside to outside, close when liquid level determines position higher than this when wanting the fashionable control of control flow check check valve from outside to inside, so just can reach above-mentioned effect.
When having the facilities protection of other routine of cooperation and/or taking conventional cultivation and control measures, facility is as greenhouse, booth etc., cultivation and control measures such as drainage trenching prevent outside ponding, control liquid manure is used and is guaranteed to gather to exceeding minimum permeable seam, be placed directly in outdoor not by the ground that ponding etc. affects, even outside when not having the medium conventional measure of the cultivation pit of permeable moisture can guarantee that outside does not have a more impact on rack or on husky bed, realize non-leakage and impermeable also matching with cultivation medium by cultivation module to realize, water-holding capacity by cultivation medium self and the guidance capability to moisture, can reduce for the non-leakage requirement of main part itself, as outer cultivation medium by moisture guiding bottom and not transverse movement time, can cultivation module only need be kept to comprise a part below bottom non-leakage.Above-mentioned cultivation inside modules can not seepage be gone out, outside can not be permeated the material of coming in and only refer to non-gaseous matter in the ordinary course of things, because generally foot end needs air, the plant growth position simultaneously retained also can allow some gaseous materials enter, wherein cultivate inside modules and also only can not can refer to moisture by the seepage material of going out, nutrient and cultivation medium, hydrophobic permeable membrane on the market, the materials such as waterproof ventilated membrane just can accomplish this point, because what pay close attention to most in plant cultivation is exactly liquid manure, this is related to plant growth and production cost, liquid manure can not seepage go out just can ensure as much as possible plant growth need and reduce production cost, and other material can without the need to paying close attention to.Main part can be made by non-leakage and infiltration material such as plastics, pottery, metal, glass or other nonmetallic materials, also can add the straw normal temperature main part making short-period used such as air-dry by earth; Can be formed by two or more cultivation unit combination, cultivation unit can be cultivating container, cultivating facility (combination containing cultivating container and cultivating facility) etc., the size, shape, capacity, structure etc. of cultivation unit depending on floristics, cultivate object, the concrete condition such as cultivation step that cultivation medium, preparation are taked.
The entirety that the plant of said units of planting culturing device is formed together with this element culturing device and other content thereof (as cultivation medium, other puts into device wherein), it is exactly the plant cultivation body of a kind of blocking cultivation, can as the base unit of plant cultivation, also can directly as a kind of plant cultivation commodity.(may still be planted in now in cultivation unit, at this moment attachment comprises cultivation unit and other content thereof to the entirety that the whole life cycle of this plant, single growth cycle, whole sales stage, whole interim cultivation stage or other any cultivation stage being no less than 1 minute are formed together with its current attachment together with this by the plant of said units culturing device of planting; Also may not have, only also have soil or other cultivation medium of some attachments, at this moment attachment only comprises soil or other cultivation medium of attachment), also belong to scope of the present invention.
The above-mentioned lid for hiding cultivation unit, for hiding the cover of cultivation unit institute cultivated plant tree crown, for the control root device of blocking cultivation, for the gas permeable devices of blocking cultivation, for the control root gas permeable devices of blocking cultivation, also can be used in the non-blocking cultivation except said unitsization cultivation or for acting on accordingly except for playing it in the non-blocking plant cultivation body except claim elementization cultivation, such as lid may be used for hiding any one needs the region hidden to prevent ponding and surface evaporation etc., cover can be used for the plant of non-blocking cultivation to reduce transpiration, collect the steam that transpiration produces, control root device, gas permeable devices, control root gas permeable devices may be used for the control root in other situation, ventilative, control root is breathed freely.
The present invention can solve existing cultivation liquid manure and easily lose, easily to be affected by the external environment and container culturing can not be widely used in the problems such as yielding ability cultivation, thus greatly reduce the suffered soil of agricultural production, weather, the constraints such as pollution, also be simultaneously container culturing particularly bottomless pore volume device be widely used in yielding ability cultivation and become, simultaneously due to blocking, to cultivate its cultivation condition controlled, liquid manure needs less, cultivation management is simpler, thus can reduce cultivation cost and be suitable for carrying out factorial praluction, thus greatly can improve the degree that becomes more meticulous of agricultural production and mechanization degree and production cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of lid for hiding cultivation unit.1. lid is 2. position that plant growth reserves;
Fig. 2 is a kind of control root device for blocking cultivation.1. tubular body, 2. one end open;
Fig. 3 is a kind of cover for hiding tree crown.1. cover body;
Fig. 4 is a kind of gas permeable devices for blocking cultivation.1. hole, 2. cuboid main body;
Fig. 5 is a kind of blocking culturing device.1. cover, 2. control root device, 3. cover, 4. gas permeable devices, 5. cultivate unit 6. plant;
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Garden cultivated peppers unit therefor culturing device, concrete technical scheme following (being described with reference to figure 5):
A, to prepare up big and down small end diameter be the main body that namely flowerpot that on 20cm, diameter is 25cm height is 30cm cultivates as cultivation unit 5(), wherein cultivate unit bottom water storage part height 5cm(and be positioned at bottom cultivation unit 5, Fig. 5 does not mark).It is 30cm that lid 1 makes funnel-form (being combined into by two one side of something) maximum gauge with durable hard plastics, and on back-off cultivation unit 1 (namely bottom outlet upward), this bore dia is 5cm, and the stem of pepper plant 6 is thus to outgrowth;
B, make with the empiecement that patent document CN00817365.6 proposes the tubulose control root device 2 that an internal diameter is 5cm, one end open upward, one end down adopt the thin slice scribbling copper oxide gel, then wrap the lower end of pepper plant 6 main root; Preferred embodiment is the tubulose making spiral, with in the limited space of cultivation unit 5 for main root provides larger growing space
C, with airtight (certain steam can not through) but the polyethylene film of light transmittance more than 60% makes the nearly hemisphere face shield 3 that diameter is 45cm, covers on pepper plant 6, cover can be arranged the ventilation hole of some under sheds;
D, adopt length, width and height be the cork of 5 × 3 × 30cm as gas permeable devices 4, insert cultivation unit 5 in soil in; If the gas permeability of soil in cultivation unit 5 is good, then this device can omit.
Claims (10)
1. one kind for hide cultivation unit lid, it is characterized in that: can perforate be the cultivation unit of planting supporting plant to outgrowth reserve position or perforate be that the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting reserves position to outgrowth, its size enough hides this cultivation unit can stop that rainwater falls into except tapping naturally, though and its can not collect rainwater or can collect rainwater that rainwater can make to be collected can not from comprising tapping, any position of cultivation unit at edge flows into this cultivation unit.
2., for hiding a cover for cultivation unit institute cultivated plant tree crown, it is characterized in that:
Light transmittance be not less than 20% and can stop vaporous water through, at least can cover the supporting cultivation unit institute cultivated plant being no less than 1/2nd tree crown and at least comprise from tree crown maximum perimeter to top;
Or light transmittance is not less than 20%, it is at least provided with a transom or hole, remainder except these transoms or hole can stop vaporous water through, at least can cover the supporting cultivation unit institute cultivated plant being no less than 1/2nd tree crown and at least comprise from tree crown maximum perimeter to top.
3. the control root device for blocking cultivation, it is characterized in that: can with stop, parcel, restriction, guiding etc. wherein a kind of or any various ways affect the root system of the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting, and at least can by whole root system or more than 80% main root system be limited in be no more than this cultivation unit available capacity 2/3rds growing space in, or at least the part root system being no more than 80% can be limited in be no more than this cultivation unit available capacity 1/2nd growing space in.
4., for a gas permeable devices for blocking cultivation, it is characterized in that:
Make nonocclusive cavity structure, or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and the porous material that the hole of more than 80% is not closed pore make, or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and nonocclusive cavity structure made by the porous material that the hole of more than 80% is not closed pore, have a part at least during use and the hole that this part contains nonocclusive cavity or non-closed pore is embedded in the cultivation medium of supporting cultivation unit.
5. the control root gas permeable devices for blocking cultivation, it is characterized in that: make nonocclusive cavity structure or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and the hole of more than 80% is not the porous material of closed pore, to stop, parcel, restriction, guidings etc. wherein a kind of or any various ways affect the root system of the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting, and at least can by whole root system or more than 80% main root system be limited in be no more than cultivation unit available capacity 2/3rds growing space in, or at least the part root system being no more than 80% can be limited in be no more than cultivation unit available capacity 1/2nd growing space in.
6. a blocking culturing device, main body is cultivating facility or the cultivating container that this cultivation unit can be made obviously to distinguish over external environment, it is characterized in that:
Comprise a lid for hiding cultivation unit according to claim 1, can perforate be the cultivation unit of planting supporting plant to outgrowth reserve position or perforate be that the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting reserves position to outgrowth, its size enough hides this cultivation unit can stop that rainwater falls into except tapping naturally, though and its can not collect rainwater or can collect rainwater that rainwater can make to be collected can not from comprising tapping, any position of cultivation unit at edge flows into this cultivation unit;
Simultaneously/or comprise a cover for hiding cultivation unit institute cultivated plant tree crown according to claim 2, light transmittance be not less than 20% and can stop vaporous water through and at least can cover the supporting cultivation unit institute cultivated plant being no less than 1/2nd tree crown and at least comprise from tree crown maximum perimeter to top, or light transmittance is not less than 20%, it is at least provided with a transom or the hole remainder except these transoms or hole can stop vaporous water through and at least can cover the supporting cultivation unit institute cultivated plant being no less than 1/2nd tree crown and at least comprise from tree crown maximum perimeter to top,
Simultaneously/or comprise at least one control root device for blocking cultivation according to claim 3, can with stop, parcel, restriction, guiding etc. wherein a kind of or any various ways affect the root system of the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting, and at least can by whole root system or more than 80% main root system be limited in be no more than this cultivation unit available capacity 2/3rds growing space in, or at least the part root system being no more than 80% can be limited in be no more than this cultivation unit available capacity 1/2nd growing space in;
Simultaneously/or comprise at least one gas permeable devices for blocking cultivation according to claim 4, this device makes nonocclusive cavity structure, or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and the porous material that the hole of more than 80% is not closed pore make, or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and nonocclusive cavity structure made by the porous material that the hole of more than 80% is not closed pore, have a part at least during use and the hole that this part contains nonocclusive cavity or non-closed pore is embedded in the cultivation medium of supporting cultivation unit;
Simultaneously/or comprise at least one control root gas permeable devices for blocking cultivation according to claim 5, this device make nonocclusive cavity structure or adopt porosity be not less than 50% and the hole of more than 80% is not the porous material of closed pore, to stop, parcel, restriction, guidings etc. wherein a kind of or any various ways affect the root system of the plant of the cultivation unit of planting supporting, and at least can by whole root system or more than 80% main root system be limited in be no more than cultivation unit available capacity 2/3rds growing space in, or at least the part root system being no more than 80% can be limited in be no more than cultivation unit available capacity 1/2nd growing space in.
7. blocking culturing device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: wherein as main body this cultivation unit is obviously distinguished over the cultivating facility of external environment or cultivating container inner material can not seepage be gone out, exterior materials can not permeate, or inner material can not seepage be gone out when cultivation unit internal liquid level determines position lower than certain, or exterior materials can not permeate when cultivation unit internal liquid level determines position higher than certain.
8. blocking culturing device according to claim 7, is characterized in that: wherein make this cultivation unit obviously distinguish over the cultivating facility of external environment or cultivating container seepage can not to go out and maybe can not permeate the material of coming in and only refer to non-gaseous matter as main body.
9. a plant cultivation body for blocking cultivation, is characterized in that: the entirety that the plant of the blocking culturing device described in claim of planting 6,7 or 8 is formed together with this element culturing device and other content thereof;
Or the entirety that whole life cycle, single growth cycle, whole sales stage, whole interim cultivation stage or other any cultivation stage being no less than 1 minute are formed together with its current attachment by the plant of the blocking culturing device of planting described in claim 6,7 or 8.
10. in the non-blocking cultivation except claim 6,7,8 or except the related device described in the claim 1,2,3,4 or 5 playing its respective action in the plant cultivation body for the non-blocking cultivation except claim 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410580080.2A CN104285716A (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2014-10-27 | Unit cultivation device |
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| CN201410580080.2A CN104285716A (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2014-10-27 | Unit cultivation device |
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| CN104285716A true CN104285716A (en) | 2015-01-21 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110291902A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-01 | 江苏永联现代农业发展有限公司 | A kind of stackable seedling growth device |
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