CN104283460B - Multi-direction vibrational energy harvester - Google Patents

Multi-direction vibrational energy harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104283460B
CN104283460B CN201410536393.8A CN201410536393A CN104283460B CN 104283460 B CN104283460 B CN 104283460B CN 201410536393 A CN201410536393 A CN 201410536393A CN 104283460 B CN104283460 B CN 104283460B
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piezoelectric
spring beam
mass
pedestal
arcuate plate
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CN104283460A (en
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杨征保
祖武争
张伟
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

Multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, the device include piezoelectric, arcuate plate, mass, spring beam, pedestal, and with piezoelectric as symmetrical centre, remaining component is symmetrically distributed in piezoelectric both sides to the described structure;The piezoelectric is linked together by arcuate plate with the mass of both sides;Mass is linked together by spring beam with pedestal;The first order amplification of power is completed by spring beam.Spring beam and the connected mode of mass, pedestal are to be fixedly connected or chain connection or globe joint are connected;The second level amplification of power is completed by arcuate plate.The present invention can produce the electric energy of the more than one order of magnitude under equivalent environment than transmission energy collecting device.The vibrational energy on different directions can be collected.

Description

Multi-direction vibrational energy harvester
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electricity energy harvester, more particularly to a kind of multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, belong to section Can technology and regenerated environment protecting new energy field.
Background technology
Communication equipment, sensor network, wearable electronic, medical implant device etc. are played in the modern life More and more important effect.Generally all small volume, compact conformation and the power supply supplies for needing long-time lasting of these equipment.Example Such as, forest fire monitoring system generally by many sensor groups into and distribution area is very big.Replace and keep in repair so many biography Sensor is extremely expensive and time-consuming.In order to meet to high-energy-density, light weight, the demand of the energy source of life-span length, this patent are carried A self-powered solution is supplied.
Instantly the self-powered solution for existing be based on using the energy of the various ways in surrounding environment realizing, For example, solar energy, heat energy and mechanical vibrational energy.Wherein, vibrational energy is the energy of unique not affected by environment and generally existing Source.Instantly mainly there are three kinds of modes to realize the collection of vibrational energy:Electromagnetic type, electrostatic and piezoelectric type.Piezoelectric type has height Conversion efficiency, size are easily controlled and do not need the advantage of additional power supply, therefore have obtained more concerns.
The device for previously having carried out energy acquisition with piezoelectric principle is that, based on cantilever beam structure, its structure includes cantilever Beam, the mass positioned at cantilever beam end and invest the piezoelectric material layer on cantilever beam.It is due to its weaker mechanical strength, this The energy collecting device being operated under mode of flexural vibration is easy to produce fatigue crack.Adopt to strengthen mechanical strength some systems ' hairpin cymbal ' formula structure.Its structure includes a mass, two female caps and a piezoresistive material charging tray.Piezoresistive material charging tray is by metal Female cap is clipped in the middle.This ' hairpin cymbal ' formula structure only effectively could work under strong vibration excitation, and its resonant frequency is remote Far above the vibration in surrounding environment.
Except the problem that efficiency is low, frequency band is narrow, conventional energy collector also exist effectively can only gather single direction vibration Problem.But vibration source, such as human motion, mechanical oscillation are not always maintained in a fixed direction, but in difference Direction real-time change.So, with can absorb multiple directions vibration ability be particularly important to vibration energy collector.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve three problems of prior art presence:Low-yield efficiency, working band be narrow, can only Using single direction vibrational energy.The spring beam of the present invention is transformed into axially vibration while being also exaggerated power;Then, Li Bei centers Bending stretch element further amplifies.The lower resonant frequency feature of this multiplication amplification principle and spring beam is cleverly merged In the middle of this invention, so the faint vibration of low frequency can be efficiently collected in this invention.The device can solve conventional energy and adopt Storage only utilizes the problem of the vibrational excitation in single set direction.Multistage power is amplified mechanism and is developed, the machinery for realizing The conversion of electric energy can be arrived.The invention effectively can be collected from multidirectional low-frequency vibration, can be used medical implant device, In wearable electronic and wireless sensor network.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention be multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, the device bag Include piezoelectric 1, arcuate plate 2, mass 3, spring beam 4, pedestal 5, the described structure with piezoelectric 1 as symmetrical centre, its Remaining component is symmetrically distributed in 1 both sides of piezoelectric;The piezoelectric 1 is connected to one by arcuate plate 2 with the mass 3 of both sides Rise;Mass 3 is linked together by spring beam 4 with pedestal 5;Pad can be provided between arcuate plate 2 and pressure material 1, with Avoid not expected impact failure piezoelectric 1;Spring beam 4 and pedestal 5 can arrange cushion, to absorb axial vibration. Piezoelectricity original paper 1 and two arcuate plates 2 together form center curvature and uphold element.
Pedestal 5 is that, for fixing whole mechanism, it can be the object of any motion in practice, such as bridge, is flown Row device, vehicle, pacemaker etc..
The piezoelectric 1 be piezoelectric ceramics (PZT), PVDF, quartz, monocrystal material or other there is good piezoelectricity effect The material of energy.Piezoelectric 1 is individual layer or two-layer or sandwich construction;Piezoelectric 1 can in different piezoelectricity MODE of operation, Such as d31, d33, d15.
Present invention employs two-stage power amplification principle.The first order amplification of power is completed by spring beam 4.Spring beam 4 and quality Block 3, the connected mode of pedestal 5 are to be fixedly connected or chain connection or globe joint connection;Amplify by arcuate plate 2 second level of power Complete.
Described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, which can cause vibration by the excitation of pedestal 5, or vibrate sharp Encourage and be applied directly on center curvature extension element arcuate plate 2 or mass 3.
Described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, wherein center curvature uphold element can various deformation such as circle 21 or square hairpin cymbal type 22 of hairpin cymbal type or cydariform hairpin cymbal type 23;The tilt angle theta of arcuate plate 22It is positive angle, zero angle or negative Angle;Multiple center curvatures uphold elements can serial or parallel connection together, between a pair of spring beams 4;5 vibrational excitation of pedestal Series connection or parallel connection arcuate plate 2 vibrates, and then produces electric energy by piezo-electric effect.
The position of mass 3 is at the edge or center of arcuate plate 2.The purpose of addition mass 3 is to reduce resonance Frequency and the more inertia energies of absorption;(e.g., there are application or the directly excitation center of strict restriction to quality in some cases The working method or central piezoelectric material and arcuate plate of element is weighed enough), also can be without mass 3;Two quality Block 3 can be arbitrary shape coordinating different working conditions, such as airfoil type to carry out Collection utilization fluid oscillation energy.
The spring beam 4 can change non-homogeneous shape, such as S-shaped spring beam 41 or spring 42, to obtain difference Stiffness coefficient;Spring beam 4 is simple metal material, and such as aluminium, or nonmetallic materials such as elastopolymer or alloy are such as SMA;Two spring beams 4 are to be arranged in parallel or have certain angle, and carrying out balancing gravity affects or strengthen angle symmetrical direction Vibration;The length of two spring beams 4 is identical or different;Prestressing force along 4 axial direction of spring beam compresses or stretches, Ke Yitong Overregulate prestressed size to obtain different dynamic performances.
This multi-direction efficient energy conversion device not only extends frequency range, improves efficiency.And solve and generally deposit It is the difficult problem in existing energy collecting device:The vibrational energy of single direction can only be gathered.Vibration in surrounding environment generally exists One very wide frequency band.So vibrational energy converter should be designed to have very wide working band with this come adapting to week Enclose the vibration of change.It is a method for effectively extending frequency range to introduce non-linear.This device effectively can be hardened with axial force Or soften the rigidity of structure, and then frequency range is expanded, adjust resonant frequency.It is non-linear to pass through to introduce magnetic field, with non-thread Property spring or nonlinear material are realizing.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that.
1st, high efficiency:One new multistage power amplification mechanism is developed and is implanted in this invention.The present invention is than transmission energy Amount collector can produce the electric energy of the more than one order of magnitude under equivalent environment.
2nd, good reliability:Most of energy collecting device is operated in beam mode.Beam mode is easy to cause piezoelectricity Material it is tired and damaged.This patent works in a compressed mode, and its intensity is to be higher by ten times than the intensity of other mode of operations More than.The presence of arcuate metallic plate also plays the effect of certain protection piezoelectric.
3rd, the vibrational energy on different directions can be collected.
4th, lower resonant frequency:The vibration stimulus source that resonant frequency can be adjusted to less than 100Hz to match surrounding.
5th, wide working band:Frequency band can be by introducing non-linear being widened.Present configuration itself just has very Strong is non-linear.It is non-linear by adding axial preload or nonlinear spring and non-linear magnetic field to be adopted further Strengthen.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the working state figure of the present invention.Dotted line is original state;
Fig. 3 A are the force diagrams of one-level force amplificatory structure spring beam;
Fig. 3 B are the force analysis figures that second order force enlarger center curvature upholds element arcuate plate;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of spring beam in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structure chart that center curvature upholds element;
Fig. 6 is that schematic diagram describes multiple center curvatures extension element tandem working figures;
Fig. 7 is that schematic diagram describes multiple center curvatures extension element in parallel work sheets;
Fig. 8 tradition hairpin cymbal energy collecting devices;
The voltage responsive of Fig. 9 this device.External drive is 0.5g, outer meeting resistance 300K Ω;
The Performance comparision of this device of Figure 10 and conventional energy collector.
In figure:1st, piezoelectric, 2, arcuate plate, 3, mass, 4, spring beam, 5, pedestal, 21, circular hairpin cymbal type, 22, side Shape hairpin cymbal type, 23, drum type structure, 41, S-shaped spring beam, 42, spring.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figs. 1-7, multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, the device include piezoelectric 1, arcuate plate 2, mass 3rd, spring beam 4, pedestal 5, with piezoelectric 1 as symmetrical centre, remaining component is symmetrically distributed in 1 liang of piezoelectric to the described structure Side;The piezoelectric 1 is linked together by arcuate plate 2 with the mass 3 of both sides;Mass 3 passes through spring beam with pedestal 5 4 link together;Pad can be provided between arcuate plate 2 and piezoelectric 1, to avoid not expected impact failure piezoresistive material Material 1;Spring beam 4 and pedestal 5 can arrange cushion, to absorb axial vibration.Piezoelectric 1 and two arcuate plates 2 structure together Element is upheld into center curvature.
Pedestal 5 is that, for fixing whole mechanism, it can be the object of any motion in practice, such as bridge, is flown Row device, vehicle, pacemaker etc..
The piezoelectric 1 be piezoelectric ceramics (PZT), PVDF, quartz, monocrystal material or other there is good piezoelectricity effect The material of energy.Piezoelectric 1 is individual layer or two-layer or sandwich construction;Piezoelectric 1 can in different piezoelectricity MODE of operation, Such as d31, d33, d15.
The first order amplification of power is completed by spring beam 4.Spring beam 4 is the company of fixation with mass 3, the connected mode of pedestal 5 Connect or chain connection or globe joint connection;The second level amplification of power is completed by arcuate plate 2, and which act as the angle of mechanical conversion device Color, for changing and amplifying axial force to radial load.
Described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, which can cause vibration by the excitation of pedestal 5, or vibrate sharp Encourage and be applied directly on center curvature extension element or mass 3.
Described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, wherein center curvature uphold element can be circular hairpin cymbal type 21 or Square hairpin cymbal type 22 or drum organization 23;The tilt angle theta of arcuate plate 22It is positive angle, zero angle or negative angle;Multiple bendings are stretched Element can serial or parallel connection together, between a pair of spring beams 4;5 vibrational excitation of pedestal series connection or parallel connection bow Template 2 vibrates, and then produces electric energy by piezo-electric effect.
The position of mass 3 is at the edge or center of arcuate plate 2.The purpose of addition mass 3 is to reduce resonance Frequency and the more inertia energies of absorption;(e.g., there are application or the directly excitation center of strict restriction to quality in some cases The working method or central piezoelectric material and arcuate plate of element is weighed enough), also can be without mass 3;Two quality Block 3 can be arbitrary shape coordinating different working conditions, such as airfoil type to carry out Collection utilization fluid oscillation energy.
The spring beam 4 can change non-homogeneous shape, such as S-shaped spring beam 41 or spring 42, to obtain difference Stiffness coefficient;Spring beam 4 is simple metal material, and such as aluminium, or nonmetallic materials such as elastopolymer or alloy are such as SMA;Two spring beams 4 are to be arranged in parallel or have certain angle, and carrying out balancing gravity affects or strengthen angle symmetrical direction Vibration;The length of two spring beams 4 is identical or different;Prestressing force along 4 axial direction of spring beam compresses or stretches, Ke Yitong Overregulate prestressed size to obtain different dynamic performances.
The device action process is as follows, and the present invention is fixed on pedestal 5 by spring beam 4 first.Pedestal 5 vibrates, vibration Upheld element and absorbed by the mass 3 positioned at center, and center curvature by spring beam 4 first.Mass 3 and center are curved It is bent to uphold vibration of element, and then cause the bending and extension of spring beam 4.Stretcher strain inside spring beam 4 causes arcuate plate 2 Bending deformation.Finally, the bending deformation of bow beam 2 causes the piezoelectric element 1 at center to be subject to compressive load to produce electric energy.At this During the direction encouraged change twice:The vibration of first time vertical direction is passed and is changed into along 4 level side of spring beam To pulling force;Pulling force in second horizontal direction spring beam 4 is passed the compression stress being converted in piezoelectric element 1.At this In conversion, the intensity of excitation is also exaggerated twice.
Fig. 3 A-3B explain multistage power amplification principle.Spring beam and horizontal direction angle theta1Vibration causes.Arcuate plate Angle, θ2It is pre-designed.It is also with vibration change.
For one-level structure for amplifying is spring beam 4, power F caused by vibrationvWith power F along beam axial directionbRelation can To be expressed as follows:
2×sinθ1×Fb=Fv (1)
Input power F of two grades of enlargers (center curvature extension element)yPerpendicular to arcuate plate 2.Fy=Fbcosθ1.Institute So that one-level magnifying power is:
According to kinematical theory and principle of conservation of energy, obtain
Fx×va=Fy×vb (3)
Wherein, FyIt is input power, in y directions.FxBe it is equivalent in piezoelectric make a concerted effort, by input power FyCause, in x directions. O points are the instantaneous of firm body AB.If transient state rotational angular velocity is w.So,
va=w × ly;vb=w × lx (4)
The magnifying power of two grades of enlargers is:
Total magnifying power of this two-stage enlarger is:
Rtotal=R1×R2=cot θ1×cotθ2/2 (6)
If setting θ12=5 °, magnifying power just about 66.Thus the magnifying power of this multiplication enlarger can be very Greatly.Multistage power amplifies effective piezoelectric modulus that the application of mechanism significantly improves electricity energy harvester.
Embodiment
One prototype is produced out for verifying this invention.PZT-5A(40×15×0.5mm3) it is used as prototype The piezoelectric of machine.The total quality of mass is 100g.Spring beam is aluminium, and its size is 50 × 4 × 0.38mm3.Spring beam One end is fixed on pedestal, and the other end is fixed on center curvature and upholds on element.Center curvature upholds element includes a PZT- 5A plates and two arch aluminium sheets (thickness 0.5mm).Arch aluminium sheet is fixed on PZT plates by epoxy.Prototype is pacified It is mounted on a vibration test table, is connected to outward the resistance of a 300K Ω.Excited vibration is 10-30Hz, the acceleration of 0.5g.It is defeated Go out voltage to be recorded by a digital oscilloscope.Energy output is output voltage square divided by external resistance.
In order to prove that the superiority of the present invention, prototype and traditional hairpin cymbal energy collecting device (Fig. 8) are compared. Two contrast objects are made using duplicate material, are tested under duplicate test environment.
Fig. 9-10 illustrates the result of comparative test.As shown in figure 9, the resonance point of the present invention is in 21Hz or so, which is much Less than conventional energy collector resonant frequency (>1KHz).The present invention also shows very wide working band and high-energy is defeated Output capacity.The output of prototype ceiling capacity is 19mW, and this is higher by two orders of magnitude than conventional energy collector, and (traditional energy is adopted Storage about exports energy for 20 μ W), as shown in Figure 10.This energy fan-out capability micro- electricity many enough more than 10mW The application of sub- original paper.Although however, the ability of this high-energy output is satisfactory, never representing the best water of the present invention It is flat.This is because the piezoelectric PZT-5A for adopting is not the material with high tension electricity coefficient.Prototype is in laboratory craft Complete.Therefore with the presence of very big damping and imbalance.These all have very big infringement to final energy output.
Experiment demonstrates the superiority of the present invention.The present invention can be used in low-frequency vibration environment such as implantable medical device On part, wireless sensor network and removable microelectronic component.

Claims (2)

1. multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, it is characterised in that:The device includes piezoelectric (1), arcuate plate (2), quality Block (3), spring beam (4), pedestal (5), with piezoelectric (1) as symmetrical centre, remaining component is symmetrically distributed in piezoelectricity to the device Material (1) both sides;The piezoelectric (1) is linked together by arcuate plate (2) with the mass (3) of both sides;Mass (3) Linked together by spring beam (4) with pedestal (5);Pad can be provided between arcuate plate (2) and piezoelectric (1), to keep away Exempt from not expected impact failure piezoelectric (1);Spring beam (4) and pedestal (5) can arrange cushion, axially shake to absorb It is dynamic;Piezoelectric (1) and two arcuate plates (2) together form center curvature and uphold element;
Pedestal (5) is that, for fixing whole mechanism, it can be the object of any motion in practice;
The piezoelectric (1) is piezoelectric ceramics, PVDF, quartz, monocrystal material or other there is the material of good piezoelectricity efficiency Material;Piezoelectric (1) is individual layer or two-layer or sandwich construction;Piezoelectric (1) can be in different piezoelectricity MODE of operation;
The first order amplification of power is completed by spring beam (4);Spring beam (4) is solid with mass (3), the connected mode of pedestal (5) Fixed connection or chain connection or globe joint connection;The second level amplification of power is completed by arcuate plate (2);
Described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, which causes vibration by pedestal (5) excitation or vibrational excitation directly applies Uphold on element or mass (3) in center curvature;
It is circular hairpin cymbal type (21) or square hairpin that described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, wherein center curvature uphold element Cymbal type (22) or drum type structure (23);The tilt angle theta of arcuate plate (2)2It is positive angle, zero angle or negative angle;Multiple centers are curved It is bent uphold element can serial or parallel connection together, between a pair of spring beams (4);Pedestal (5) vibrational excitation series connection or Arcuate plate (2) vibration in parallel, and then electric energy is produced by piezo-electric effect;
The position of mass (3) is at the edge or center of arcuate plate (2);The purpose of addition mass (3) is to reduce altogether Vibration frequency and the more inertia energies of absorption;There are the application of strict restriction or the working method of directly excitation center part to quality Or in the case of central piezoelectric material and arcuate plate are weighed enough, also can be without mass (3);Two masses (3) are Arbitrary shape is coordinating different working conditions;
The spring beam (4) changes non-homogeneous shape, and this is shaped as S-shaped spring beam (41) or spring (42), to obtain Different stiffness coefficients;Spring beam (4) is simple metal material;Two spring beams (4) are to be arranged in parallel or have certain angle, are come Balancing gravity affects or strengthens the vibration in angle symmetrical direction;The length of two spring beams (4) is identical or different;Along spring beam (4) axial prestressing force compresses or stretches, and can obtain different kinetics by adjusting prestressed size Energy.
2. multi-direction vibrational energy harvester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The device action process is such as Under, it is fixed on pedestal (5) by spring beam (4) first;Pedestal (5) vibrates, during vibration is located at first by spring beam (4) The mass (3) of heart position, and center curvature extension element absorption;Mass (3) and center curvature uphold vibration of element, and then Cause the bending and extension of spring beam (4);The internal stretcher strain of spring beam (4) causes the bending deformation of arcuate plate (2);Most Afterwards, the bending deformation of arcuate plate (2) causes the piezoelectric (1) at center to be produced electric energy by compressive load;In this course The direction of excitation changes twice:The vibration of first time vertical direction is passed and is changed into along spring beam (4) horizontal direction Pulling force;Pulling force in second horizontal direction spring beam (4) is passed the compression stress being converted in piezoelectric (1);At this In conversion, the intensity of excitation is also exaggerated twice.
CN201410536393.8A 2014-10-11 2014-10-11 Multi-direction vibrational energy harvester Expired - Fee Related CN104283460B (en)

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