CN104283460B - Multi-direction vibrational energy harvester - Google Patents
Multi-direction vibrational energy harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN104283460B CN104283460B CN201410536393.8A CN201410536393A CN104283460B CN 104283460 B CN104283460 B CN 104283460B CN 201410536393 A CN201410536393 A CN 201410536393A CN 104283460 B CN104283460 B CN 104283460B
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Abstract
Multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, the device include piezoelectric, arcuate plate, mass, spring beam, pedestal, and with piezoelectric as symmetrical centre, remaining component is symmetrically distributed in piezoelectric both sides to the described structure；The piezoelectric is linked together by arcuate plate with the mass of both sides；Mass is linked together by spring beam with pedestal；The first order amplification of power is completed by spring beam.Spring beam and the connected mode of mass, pedestal are to be fixedly connected or chain connection or globe joint are connected；The second level amplification of power is completed by arcuate plate.The present invention can produce the electric energy of the more than one order of magnitude under equivalent environment than transmission energy collecting device.The vibrational energy on different directions can be collected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electricity energy harvester, more particularly to a kind of multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, belong to section
Can technology and regenerated environment protecting new energy field.
Background technology
Communication equipment, sensor network, wearable electronic, medical implant device etc. are played in the modern life
More and more important effect.Generally all small volume, compact conformation and the power supply supplies for needing long-time lasting of these equipment.Example
Such as, forest fire monitoring system generally by many sensor groups into and distribution area is very big.Replace and keep in repair so many biography
Sensor is extremely expensive and time-consuming.In order to meet to high-energy-density, light weight, the demand of the energy source of life-span length, this patent are carried
A self-powered solution is supplied.
Instantly the self-powered solution for existing be based on using the energy of the various ways in surrounding environment realizing,
For example, solar energy, heat energy and mechanical vibrational energy.Wherein, vibrational energy is the energy of unique not affected by environment and generally existing
Source.Instantly mainly there are three kinds of modes to realize the collection of vibrational energy：Electromagnetic type, electrostatic and piezoelectric type.Piezoelectric type has height
Conversion efficiency, size are easily controlled and do not need the advantage of additional power supply, therefore have obtained more concerns.
The device for previously having carried out energy acquisition with piezoelectric principle is that, based on cantilever beam structure, its structure includes cantilever
Beam, the mass positioned at cantilever beam end and invest the piezoelectric material layer on cantilever beam.It is due to its weaker mechanical strength, this
The energy collecting device being operated under mode of flexural vibration is easy to produce fatigue crack.Adopt to strengthen mechanical strength some systems
' hairpin cymbal ' formula structure.Its structure includes a mass, two female caps and a piezoresistive material charging tray.Piezoresistive material charging tray is by metal
Female cap is clipped in the middle.This ' hairpin cymbal ' formula structure only effectively could work under strong vibration excitation, and its resonant frequency is remote
Far above the vibration in surrounding environment.
Except the problem that efficiency is low, frequency band is narrow, conventional energy collector also exist effectively can only gather single direction vibration
Problem.But vibration source, such as human motion, mechanical oscillation are not always maintained in a fixed direction, but in difference
Direction real-time change.So, with can absorb multiple directions vibration ability be particularly important to vibration energy collector.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve three problems of prior art presence：Low-yield efficiency, working band be narrow, can only
Using single direction vibrational energy.The spring beam of the present invention is transformed into axially vibration while being also exaggerated power；Then, Li Bei centers
Bending stretch element further amplifies.The lower resonant frequency feature of this multiplication amplification principle and spring beam is cleverly merged
In the middle of this invention, so the faint vibration of low frequency can be efficiently collected in this invention.The device can solve conventional energy and adopt
Storage only utilizes the problem of the vibrational excitation in single set direction.Multistage power is amplified mechanism and is developed, the machinery for realizing
The conversion of electric energy can be arrived.The invention effectively can be collected from multidirectional low-frequency vibration, can be used medical implant device,
In wearable electronic and wireless sensor network.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention be multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, the device bag
Include piezoelectric 1, arcuate plate 2, mass 3, spring beam 4, pedestal 5, the described structure with piezoelectric 1 as symmetrical centre, its
Remaining component is symmetrically distributed in 1 both sides of piezoelectric；The piezoelectric 1 is connected to one by arcuate plate 2 with the mass 3 of both sides
Rise；Mass 3 is linked together by spring beam 4 with pedestal 5；Pad can be provided between arcuate plate 2 and pressure material 1, with
Avoid not expected impact failure piezoelectric 1；Spring beam 4 and pedestal 5 can arrange cushion, to absorb axial vibration.
Piezoelectricity original paper 1 and two arcuate plates 2 together form center curvature and uphold element.
Pedestal 5 is that, for fixing whole mechanism, it can be the object of any motion in practice, such as bridge, is flown
Row device, vehicle, pacemaker etc..
The piezoelectric 1 be piezoelectric ceramics (PZT), PVDF, quartz, monocrystal material or other there is good piezoelectricity effect
The material of energy.Piezoelectric 1 is individual layer or two-layer or sandwich construction；Piezoelectric 1 can in different piezoelectricity MODE of operation,
Such as d31, d33, d15.
Present invention employs two-stage power amplification principle.The first order amplification of power is completed by spring beam 4.Spring beam 4 and quality
Block 3, the connected mode of pedestal 5 are to be fixedly connected or chain connection or globe joint connection；Amplify by arcuate plate 2 second level of power
Complete.
Described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, which can cause vibration by the excitation of pedestal 5, or vibrate sharp
Encourage and be applied directly on center curvature extension element arcuate plate 2 or mass 3.
Described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, wherein center curvature uphold element can various deformation such as circle
21 or square hairpin cymbal type 22 of hairpin cymbal type or cydariform hairpin cymbal type 23；The tilt angle theta of arcuate plate 22It is positive angle, zero angle or negative
Angle；Multiple center curvatures uphold elements can serial or parallel connection together, between a pair of spring beams 4；5 vibrational excitation of pedestal
Series connection or parallel connection arcuate plate 2 vibrates, and then produces electric energy by piezo-electric effect.
The position of mass 3 is at the edge or center of arcuate plate 2.The purpose of addition mass 3 is to reduce resonance
Frequency and the more inertia energies of absorption；(e.g., there are application or the directly excitation center of strict restriction to quality in some cases
The working method or central piezoelectric material and arcuate plate of element is weighed enough), also can be without mass 3；Two quality
Block 3 can be arbitrary shape coordinating different working conditions, such as airfoil type to carry out Collection utilization fluid oscillation energy.
The spring beam 4 can change non-homogeneous shape, such as S-shaped spring beam 41 or spring 42, to obtain difference
Stiffness coefficient；Spring beam 4 is simple metal material, and such as aluminium, or nonmetallic materials such as elastopolymer or alloy are such as
SMA；Two spring beams 4 are to be arranged in parallel or have certain angle, and carrying out balancing gravity affects or strengthen angle symmetrical direction
Vibration；The length of two spring beams 4 is identical or different；Prestressing force along 4 axial direction of spring beam compresses or stretches, Ke Yitong
Overregulate prestressed size to obtain different dynamic performances.
This multi-direction efficient energy conversion device not only extends frequency range, improves efficiency.And solve and generally deposit
It is the difficult problem in existing energy collecting device：The vibrational energy of single direction can only be gathered.Vibration in surrounding environment generally exists
One very wide frequency band.So vibrational energy converter should be designed to have very wide working band with this come adapting to week
Enclose the vibration of change.It is a method for effectively extending frequency range to introduce non-linear.This device effectively can be hardened with axial force
Or soften the rigidity of structure, and then frequency range is expanded, adjust resonant frequency.It is non-linear to pass through to introduce magnetic field, with non-thread
Property spring or nonlinear material are realizing.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that.
1st, high efficiency：One new multistage power amplification mechanism is developed and is implanted in this invention.The present invention is than transmission energy
Amount collector can produce the electric energy of the more than one order of magnitude under equivalent environment.
2nd, good reliability：Most of energy collecting device is operated in beam mode.Beam mode is easy to cause piezoelectricity
Material it is tired and damaged.This patent works in a compressed mode, and its intensity is to be higher by ten times than the intensity of other mode of operations
More than.The presence of arcuate metallic plate also plays the effect of certain protection piezoelectric.
3rd, the vibrational energy on different directions can be collected.
4th, lower resonant frequency：The vibration stimulus source that resonant frequency can be adjusted to less than 100Hz to match surrounding.
5th, wide working band：Frequency band can be by introducing non-linear being widened.Present configuration itself just has very
Strong is non-linear.It is non-linear by adding axial preload or nonlinear spring and non-linear magnetic field to be adopted further
Strengthen.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the working state figure of the present invention.Dotted line is original state；
Fig. 3 A are the force diagrams of one-level force amplificatory structure spring beam；
Fig. 3 B are the force analysis figures that second order force enlarger center curvature upholds element arcuate plate；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of spring beam in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structure chart that center curvature upholds element；
Fig. 6 is that schematic diagram describes multiple center curvatures extension element tandem working figures；
Fig. 7 is that schematic diagram describes multiple center curvatures extension element in parallel work sheets；
Fig. 8 tradition hairpin cymbal energy collecting devices；
The voltage responsive of Fig. 9 this device.External drive is 0.5g, outer meeting resistance 300K Ω；
The Performance comparision of this device of Figure 10 and conventional energy collector.
In figure：1st, piezoelectric, 2, arcuate plate, 3, mass, 4, spring beam, 5, pedestal, 21, circular hairpin cymbal type, 22, side
Shape hairpin cymbal type, 23, drum type structure, 41, S-shaped spring beam, 42, spring.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figs. 1-7, multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, the device include piezoelectric 1, arcuate plate 2, mass
3rd, spring beam 4, pedestal 5, with piezoelectric 1 as symmetrical centre, remaining component is symmetrically distributed in 1 liang of piezoelectric to the described structure
Side；The piezoelectric 1 is linked together by arcuate plate 2 with the mass 3 of both sides；Mass 3 passes through spring beam with pedestal 5
4 link together；Pad can be provided between arcuate plate 2 and piezoelectric 1, to avoid not expected impact failure piezoresistive material
Material 1；Spring beam 4 and pedestal 5 can arrange cushion, to absorb axial vibration.Piezoelectric 1 and two arcuate plates 2 structure together
Element is upheld into center curvature.
Pedestal 5 is that, for fixing whole mechanism, it can be the object of any motion in practice, such as bridge, is flown
Row device, vehicle, pacemaker etc..
The piezoelectric 1 be piezoelectric ceramics (PZT), PVDF, quartz, monocrystal material or other there is good piezoelectricity effect
The material of energy.Piezoelectric 1 is individual layer or two-layer or sandwich construction；Piezoelectric 1 can in different piezoelectricity MODE of operation,
Such as d31, d33, d15.
The first order amplification of power is completed by spring beam 4.Spring beam 4 is the company of fixation with mass 3, the connected mode of pedestal 5
Connect or chain connection or globe joint connection；The second level amplification of power is completed by arcuate plate 2, and which act as the angle of mechanical conversion device
Color, for changing and amplifying axial force to radial load.
Described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, which can cause vibration by the excitation of pedestal 5, or vibrate sharp
Encourage and be applied directly on center curvature extension element or mass 3.
Described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, wherein center curvature uphold element can be circular hairpin cymbal type 21 or
Square hairpin cymbal type 22 or drum organization 23；The tilt angle theta of arcuate plate 22It is positive angle, zero angle or negative angle；Multiple bendings are stretched
Element can serial or parallel connection together, between a pair of spring beams 4；5 vibrational excitation of pedestal series connection or parallel connection bow
Template 2 vibrates, and then produces electric energy by piezo-electric effect.
The position of mass 3 is at the edge or center of arcuate plate 2.The purpose of addition mass 3 is to reduce resonance
Frequency and the more inertia energies of absorption；(e.g., there are application or the directly excitation center of strict restriction to quality in some cases
The working method or central piezoelectric material and arcuate plate of element is weighed enough), also can be without mass 3；Two quality
Block 3 can be arbitrary shape coordinating different working conditions, such as airfoil type to carry out Collection utilization fluid oscillation energy.
The spring beam 4 can change non-homogeneous shape, such as S-shaped spring beam 41 or spring 42, to obtain difference
Stiffness coefficient；Spring beam 4 is simple metal material, and such as aluminium, or nonmetallic materials such as elastopolymer or alloy are such as
SMA；Two spring beams 4 are to be arranged in parallel or have certain angle, and carrying out balancing gravity affects or strengthen angle symmetrical direction
Vibration；The length of two spring beams 4 is identical or different；Prestressing force along 4 axial direction of spring beam compresses or stretches, Ke Yitong
Overregulate prestressed size to obtain different dynamic performances.
The device action process is as follows, and the present invention is fixed on pedestal 5 by spring beam 4 first.Pedestal 5 vibrates, vibration
Upheld element and absorbed by the mass 3 positioned at center, and center curvature by spring beam 4 first.Mass 3 and center are curved
It is bent to uphold vibration of element, and then cause the bending and extension of spring beam 4.Stretcher strain inside spring beam 4 causes arcuate plate 2
Bending deformation.Finally, the bending deformation of bow beam 2 causes the piezoelectric element 1 at center to be subject to compressive load to produce electric energy.At this
During the direction encouraged change twice：The vibration of first time vertical direction is passed and is changed into along 4 level side of spring beam
To pulling force；Pulling force in second horizontal direction spring beam 4 is passed the compression stress being converted in piezoelectric element 1.At this
In conversion, the intensity of excitation is also exaggerated twice.
Fig. 3 A-3B explain multistage power amplification principle.Spring beam and horizontal direction angle theta1Vibration causes.Arcuate plate
Angle, θ2It is pre-designed.It is also with vibration change.
For one-level structure for amplifying is spring beam 4, power F caused by vibrationvWith power F along beam axial directionbRelation can
To be expressed as follows：
2×sinθ1×Fb=Fv (1)
Input power F of two grades of enlargers (center curvature extension element)yPerpendicular to arcuate plate 2.Fy=Fbcosθ1.Institute
So that one-level magnifying power is：
According to kinematical theory and principle of conservation of energy, obtain
Fx×va=Fy×vb (3)
Wherein, FyIt is input power, in y directions.FxBe it is equivalent in piezoelectric make a concerted effort, by input power FyCause, in x directions.
O points are the instantaneous of firm body AB.If transient state rotational angular velocity is w.So,
va=w × ly；vb=w × lx (4)
The magnifying power of two grades of enlargers is：
Total magnifying power of this two-stage enlarger is：
Rtotal=R1×R2=cot θ1×cotθ2/2 (6)
If setting θ1=θ2=5 °, magnifying power just about 66.Thus the magnifying power of this multiplication enlarger can be very
Greatly.Multistage power amplifies effective piezoelectric modulus that the application of mechanism significantly improves electricity energy harvester.
Embodiment
One prototype is produced out for verifying this invention.PZT-5A(40×15×0.5mm3) it is used as prototype
The piezoelectric of machine.The total quality of mass is 100g.Spring beam is aluminium, and its size is 50 × 4 × 0.38mm3.Spring beam
One end is fixed on pedestal, and the other end is fixed on center curvature and upholds on element.Center curvature upholds element includes a PZT-
5A plates and two arch aluminium sheets (thickness 0.5mm).Arch aluminium sheet is fixed on PZT plates by epoxy.Prototype is pacified
It is mounted on a vibration test table, is connected to outward the resistance of a 300K Ω.Excited vibration is 10-30Hz, the acceleration of 0.5g.It is defeated
Go out voltage to be recorded by a digital oscilloscope.Energy output is output voltage square divided by external resistance.
In order to prove that the superiority of the present invention, prototype and traditional hairpin cymbal energy collecting device (Fig. 8) are compared.
Two contrast objects are made using duplicate material, are tested under duplicate test environment.
Fig. 9-10 illustrates the result of comparative test.As shown in figure 9, the resonance point of the present invention is in 21Hz or so, which is much
Less than conventional energy collector resonant frequency (>1KHz).The present invention also shows very wide working band and high-energy is defeated
Output capacity.The output of prototype ceiling capacity is 19mW, and this is higher by two orders of magnitude than conventional energy collector, and (traditional energy is adopted
Storage about exports energy for 20 μ W), as shown in Figure 10.This energy fan-out capability micro- electricity many enough more than 10mW
The application of sub- original paper.Although however, the ability of this high-energy output is satisfactory, never representing the best water of the present invention
It is flat.This is because the piezoelectric PZT-5A for adopting is not the material with high tension electricity coefficient.Prototype is in laboratory craft
Complete.Therefore with the presence of very big damping and imbalance.These all have very big infringement to final energy output.
Experiment demonstrates the superiority of the present invention.The present invention can be used in low-frequency vibration environment such as implantable medical device
On part, wireless sensor network and removable microelectronic component.
Claims (2)
1. multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, it is characterised in that：The device includes piezoelectric (1), arcuate plate (2), quality
Block (3), spring beam (4), pedestal (5), with piezoelectric (1) as symmetrical centre, remaining component is symmetrically distributed in piezoelectricity to the device
Material (1) both sides；The piezoelectric (1) is linked together by arcuate plate (2) with the mass (3) of both sides；Mass (3)
Linked together by spring beam (4) with pedestal (5)；Pad can be provided between arcuate plate (2) and piezoelectric (1), to keep away
Exempt from not expected impact failure piezoelectric (1)；Spring beam (4) and pedestal (5) can arrange cushion, axially shake to absorb
It is dynamic；Piezoelectric (1) and two arcuate plates (2) together form center curvature and uphold element；
Pedestal (5) is that, for fixing whole mechanism, it can be the object of any motion in practice；
The piezoelectric (1) is piezoelectric ceramics, PVDF, quartz, monocrystal material or other there is the material of good piezoelectricity efficiency
Material；Piezoelectric (1) is individual layer or two-layer or sandwich construction；Piezoelectric (1) can be in different piezoelectricity MODE of operation；
The first order amplification of power is completed by spring beam (4)；Spring beam (4) is solid with mass (3), the connected mode of pedestal (5)
Fixed connection or chain connection or globe joint connection；The second level amplification of power is completed by arcuate plate (2)；
Described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, which causes vibration by pedestal (5) excitation or vibrational excitation directly applies
Uphold on element or mass (3) in center curvature；
It is circular hairpin cymbal type (21) or square hairpin that described multi-direction vibrational energy harvester, wherein center curvature uphold element
Cymbal type (22) or drum type structure (23)；The tilt angle theta of arcuate plate (2)2It is positive angle, zero angle or negative angle；Multiple centers are curved
It is bent uphold element can serial or parallel connection together, between a pair of spring beams (4)；Pedestal (5) vibrational excitation series connection or
Arcuate plate (2) vibration in parallel, and then electric energy is produced by piezo-electric effect；
The position of mass (3) is at the edge or center of arcuate plate (2)；The purpose of addition mass (3) is to reduce altogether
Vibration frequency and the more inertia energies of absorption；There are the application of strict restriction or the working method of directly excitation center part to quality
Or in the case of central piezoelectric material and arcuate plate are weighed enough, also can be without mass (3)；Two masses (3) are
Arbitrary shape is coordinating different working conditions；
The spring beam (4) changes non-homogeneous shape, and this is shaped as S-shaped spring beam (41) or spring (42), to obtain
Different stiffness coefficients；Spring beam (4) is simple metal material；Two spring beams (4) are to be arranged in parallel or have certain angle, are come
Balancing gravity affects or strengthens the vibration in angle symmetrical direction；The length of two spring beams (4) is identical or different；Along spring beam
(4) axial prestressing force compresses or stretches, and can obtain different kinetics by adjusting prestressed size
Energy.
2. multi-direction vibrational energy harvester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The device action process is such as
Under, it is fixed on pedestal (5) by spring beam (4) first；Pedestal (5) vibrates, during vibration is located at first by spring beam (4)
The mass (3) of heart position, and center curvature extension element absorption；Mass (3) and center curvature uphold vibration of element, and then
Cause the bending and extension of spring beam (4)；The internal stretcher strain of spring beam (4) causes the bending deformation of arcuate plate (2)；Most
Afterwards, the bending deformation of arcuate plate (2) causes the piezoelectric (1) at center to be produced electric energy by compressive load；In this course
The direction of excitation changes twice：The vibration of first time vertical direction is passed and is changed into along spring beam (4) horizontal direction
Pulling force；Pulling force in second horizontal direction spring beam (4) is passed the compression stress being converted in piezoelectric (1)；At this
In conversion, the intensity of excitation is also exaggerated twice.
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| CN201410536393.8A CN104283460B (en) | 2014-10-11 | 2014-10-11 | Multi-direction vibrational energy harvester |
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| CN101272109A (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2008-09-24 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Broad-band piezoelectricity oscillating generating set |
| DE102008041132B4 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2021-02-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bending transducers for generating electrical energy from mechanical deformations |
| CN101412020B (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-12-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Combined wide-band actuator system and actuator thereof |
| DE102010019739A1 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Overload protected piezoelectric energy converter |
| US8866317B2 (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2014-10-21 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Broadband vibrational energy harvesting |
| CN103532433B (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-08-19 | 重庆大学 | Multi-direction broadband energy collecting device |
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| CN109936308A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-06-25 | 珠海澳大科技研究院 | Two-dimensional piezoelectric energy recycle device and method |
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