CN104279012A - Nuclear power peak shaving system based on cryogenic energy storage - Google Patents
Nuclear power peak shaving system based on cryogenic energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN104279012A CN104279012A CN201310279616.2A CN201310279616A CN104279012A CN 104279012 A CN104279012 A CN 104279012A CN 201310279616 A CN201310279616 A CN 201310279616A CN 104279012 A CN104279012 A CN 104279012A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
- F01K3/181—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters using nuclear heat
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nuclear power peak shaving system based on cryogenic energy storage. The nuclear power peak shaving system comprises a nuclear electric power generation subsystem, an air liquefaction subsystem, a liquid air energy release subsystem and a cold storage unit. In the first period when the required user load is lower than the rated load of a nuclear power system, spare electric energy generated by the nuclear electric power generation subsystem is converted into cryogenic energy through the air liquidation process to be stored in liquid air; in the second period when the required user load is higher than the rated load of the nuclear power system, energy of liquefied air stored in the air liquidation subsystem is converted into electric power; the cold storage unit enables cold energy released during re-gasification of the liquid air in the liquid air energy release subsystem to be stored in the mode of sensible heat in the second period when the required user load is higher than the rated load of the nuclear power system, and the stored cold energy is used for air liquefaction of the air liquefaction subsystem in the first period when the required user load is lower than the rated load of the nuclear power system. The nuclear power peak shaving system based on cryogenic energy storage can greatly improve the power generation efficiency and the net work quantity of nuclear reactor heat energy in the power consumption peak period of the nuclear power system and achieve the purpose of peak load shifting, and has high energy storage efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Large Copacity (high-power, long-time) power storage and the management domain of power industry, more specifically, relate to a kind of nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage.
Background technique
The feature of nuclear energy power generation is that system investments is high but operating cost is low, thus the cost of unit quantity of electricity and nuclear power generating equipment year hours of operation and average load factor closely related.Although nuclear energy power generation is all based on base lotus over a long period of time, and has ensured nuclear power high load with this, run for a long time continuously, along with the continuous lifting of nuclear power electric motor power, partial electric grid is probably difficult to dissolve at low power consumption its output at full capacity.53% of such as France's nuclear power electric motor power in recent years its total installation of generating capacity temporary, and the electricity produced by nuclear power is more up to 79%.In this case, low power consumption nuclear power produce excrescent electric power otherwise by electric power conveying outlet to the country of periphery and user, supporting Large Copacity energy storage device just must be had to absorb this part electricity, and in the peak of power consumption period, this part electricity stored is discharged, the object of the peak load that disappears is reached with this.The equilibrium of supply and demand of low power consumption period can certainly be realized by the mode of the stressor reducing nuclear power generating sets, but do the cost that not only greatly can improve unit electric power like this, variable parameter operation more can reduce the life-span of nuclear power generating sets greatly simultaneously, and can bring more potential safety hazard.
For solving the peaking problem that brings of nuclear energy power generation, the new technology that some have a Large Copacity energy storage except traditional energy storage technology that draws water causes the concern of people just more and more, comprising high temperature and high pressure steam storing technology, and extensive hydrogen storage technology etc.But these technology all can not improve generating efficiency and the cleared-out merit amount of nuclear reactor heat energy greatly.
Summary of the invention
Based on above problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage, unnecessary electric power is converted into deep cooling by unique air liquefaction process at low power consumption and can be stored in liquid air by this system, and be electric power in the peak of power consumption period by the Conversion of Energy of the liquefied air of storage, greatly can improve generating efficiency and the cleared-out merit amount of nuclear reactor heat energy.
For reaching this object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
Based on a nuclear power peak regulation system for deep cooling energy storage, comprising:
Nuclear energy power generation subtense angle, this subtense angle is less than the first period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, requires oepration at full load according to the rated load of nuclear power system, and its unnecessary electric energy produced is used for driving air liquefaction subtense angle to produce liquid air;
Air liquefaction subtense angle, this subtense angle is less than the first period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, the unnecessary electric energy that nuclear energy power generation subtense angle produces is converted into deep cooling by air liquefaction process and can be stored in liquid air;
Liquid air releases energy subtense angle, and this subtense angle is greater than the second period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, is electric power by the Conversion of Energy of the liquefied air stored in air liquefaction subtense angle;
Cold-storage unit, heat exchanging fluid is had in it, described heat exchanging fluid is greater than the second period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, liquid air is released the cold of release when liquid air gasifies again in energy subtense angle to store with the form of sensible heat, be less than the first period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, the cold of storage be used for the air liquefaction of air liquefaction subtense angle.
As preferably, described nuclear energy power generation subtense angle and liquid air are released and can be connected by pipeline between subtense angle, the second period of nuclear power system rated load is greater than in customer charge demand, released by pipeline flow-direction liquid air can subtense angle along with medium for the heat that the nuclear power generating sets reactor of described nuclear energy power generation subtense angle produces, and is directly used in heating high-pressure air.
As preferably, the nuclear power generating sets reactor of described nuclear energy power generation subtense angle is connected with two pipelines, be respectively the steam outlet pipe for being exported by steam and be used for the first reflow pipe of being returned by steam, described steam outlet pipe is all connected with steam turbine with the other end of the first reflow pipe, steam turbine is connected with the first generator, described first reflow pipe is connected with cooling tower and the first pump in turn.
As preferably, described air liquefaction subtense angle comprises exsiccator, described exsiccator and compressor bank, 6th heat exchanger, low temperature turbine, liquid-air tank is connected successively, described 6th heat exchanger and described cold-storage unit carry out exchange heat, and the described 6th is also connected with the second reflow pipe between heat exchanger and liquid-air tank, the dried air of dried device is successively through compressor bank, 6th heat exchanger, after the effect of low temperature turbine, be generated liquid part and gaseous parts, liquid part flows into liquid-air tank, gaseous parts flows back to the 6th heat exchanger by the second reflow pipe.
As preferably, described compressor bank comprises the first compressor and the second compressor.
As preferably, be connected with the 5th heat exchanger between described first compressor and the second compressor, be also connected with the 3rd reflow pipe between described 6th heat exchanger and the 5th heat exchanger, described gaseous parts also flows back to the 5th heat exchanger by the 3rd reflow pipe.
As preferably, described liquid air is released and can be comprised cryopump by subtense angle, the entrance of described cryopump is connected with the outlet of liquid-air tank, described low temperature delivery side of pump is connected with the second heat exchanger, the 3rd heat exchanger, air turbine group, the second generator successively, described second heat exchanger also carries out exchange heat with described cold-storage unit, also be connected with the 4th reflow pipe between described air turbine group and the 3rd heat exchanger, the tail gas that described 4th reflow pipe is used for air turbine group produces sends backheat in the 3rd heat exchanger back to.
As preferably, described air turbine group comprises two or more air turbine.
As preferably, the outlet of described 3rd heat exchanger, entrance the respectively with four heat exchanger of each air turbine are connected; The ingress of described steam turbine and the ingress of the first water pump are separately installed with a three-way valve, and described two three-way valve are by two pipeline communication the 4th heat exchangers; Be greater than the second period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, the heat energy that nuclear power generating sets reactor produces flows to the 4th heat exchanger along with medium by three-way valve, generates electricity for driving air turbine group.
As preferably, the described 3rd is also connected with the 5th reflow pipe between heat exchanger and exsiccator, and described 5th reflow pipe is used for the tail gas after backheat to send back in exsiccator.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention is by providing a kind of nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage, this system adopts deep cooling energy storage technology, when low power consumption, unnecessary electric power is converted into deep cooling by unique air liquefaction process can be stored in liquid air, and be electric power in the peak of power consumption period by the Conversion of Energy of the liquefied air of storage, the carrier of to be liquid air the be energy storage of the feature due to deep cooling energy storage technology is again the cycle fluid of peak of power consumption period generating.Because the transition point of air well below water vapour, thus will can improve generating efficiency and the cleared-out merit amount of nuclear reactor heat energy using it as cycle fluid in the peak of power consumption period greatly.The heat being converted into nuclear power generating sets reactor in the process of electric power due to native system at liquefied air is not used to drive vapor recycle generating, but is directly used in heating high-pressure air to improve its output power.In this exoergic process, high-pressure air turbine set go out 3 times that merit amount is about steam circulation under the same terms, thus substantially increase the net power output of unit in the peak of power consumption period.Due to heat in energy storage (air liquefaction) and exoergic process conversion and transmit relatively rationally and effectively loss of energy is less, the energy storage efficiency of entire system can reach more than 70%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the nuclear power peak regulation system structural drawing based on deep cooling energy storage that the specific embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 2 is that the air that provides of the specific embodiment of the invention is as heat-exchange working medium specific heat at constant pressure at various pressures and the graph of a relation of operating temperature;
Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of some conventional refrigeration agents of providing of the specific embodiment of the invention specific heat at constant pressure and operating temperature in atmospheric conditions;
Fig. 4 a is the heat exchange load chart storing up cold process under certain given operating mode of providing of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 b is the heat exchange load chart of cold callback course under certain given operating mode of providing of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Wherein:
10: nuclear energy power generation subtense angle; 20: air liquefaction subtense angle; 30: liquid air releases energy subtense angle; 40: cold-storage unit;
101: nuclear power generating sets reactor; 102: the first pumps; 103: steam outlet pipe; 104: the first three-way valve; 105: go out gas branch pipe; 106: steam turbine; 107: the first generators; 108: the first reflow pipes; 109: cooling tower; 110: the second three-way valve; 111: backflow arm;
1011: First Heat Exchanger;
201: compressor bank; 202: exsiccator; 203: the three reflow pipes; 204: the six heat exchangers; 205: the second reflow pipes; 206: low temperature turbine; 207: liquid-air tank;
2011: the first compressors; 2012: the five heat exchangers; 2013: the second compressors;
2021: air inlet; 2022: air outlet slit;
301: the four heat exchangers; 302: air turbine group; 303: the second generators; 304: the four reflow pipes; 305: the three heat exchangers; 306: the five reflow pipes; 307: the second heat exchangers; 308: cryopump;
3021: air turbine.
Embodiment
Technological scheme of the present invention is further illustrated by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the nuclear power peak regulation system of the integrated cryogenics that the present invention proposes mainly comprises three subtense angles, is respectively nuclear energy power generation subtense angle 10, and air liquefaction subtense angle 20 and liquid air are released can subtense angle 30.
Nuclear energy power generation subtense angle 10 is less than the first period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, requires oepration at full load according to the rated load of nuclear power system, and its unnecessary electric energy produced is used for driving air liquefaction subtense angle 20 to produce liquid air.
Air liquefaction subtense angle 20 is less than the first period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, and the unnecessary electric energy produced by nuclear energy power generation subtense angle 10 is converted into deep cooling by air liquefaction process and can be stored in liquid air.
Liquid air releases energy subtense angle 30 is greater than nuclear power system rated load the second period in customer charge demand, is electric power by the Conversion of Energy of the liquefied air stored in air liquefaction subtense angle 20.
Heat exchanging fluid is had in cold-storage unit 40, described heat exchanging fluid is greater than the second period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, liquid air is released the cold of release when liquid air gasifies again in energy subtense angle 30 to store with the form of sensible heat, be less than the first period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, the cold of storage be used for the air liquefaction of air liquefaction subtense angle 20.
As a kind of preferred version, described nuclear energy power generation subtense angle 10 and liquid air are released and can be connected by pipeline between subtense angle 30, the second period of nuclear power system rated load is greater than in customer charge demand, the heat that the nuclear power generating sets reactor 101 of described nuclear energy power generation subtense angle 10 produces is not used to drive vapor recycle generating, but directly release energy subtense angle 30 by pipeline flow-direction liquid air, be directly used in heating high-pressure air to improve its output power.In this exoergic process, high-pressure air turbine set go out 3 times that merit amount is about steam circulation under the same terms, thus substantially increase the net power output of air turbine unit in the peak of power consumption period.Due to heat in energy storage (air liquefaction) and exoergic process conversion and transmit relatively rationally and effectively loss of energy is less, the energy storage efficiency of entire system can reach more than 70%.
Whole integrated system has following three kinds of operating modes according to the concrete burden requirement of user:
(1) energy storage pattern: in the low power consumption period, namely the workload demand of user is less than the rated load of nuclear power system, and integrated system is with energy storage mode operation in this case.In energy storage pattern, nuclear energy power generation sub-system 10 requires oepration at full load according to the rated load of nuclear power system, its unnecessary electrical energy drive air liquefaction subtense angle 20 produced produces liquid air, stores in the mode of the cold energy of liquid air by unnecessary electric energy.
(2) release energy pattern: in the peak of power consumption period, namely the workload demand of user is greater than the rated load of nuclear power system, now integrated system can mode operation to release.In this process, air liquefaction subtense angle 20 quits work, and liquid air is released and can be unlocked for the production of more electric energy by subsystem 30.Preferably, the heat energy that the nuclear power generating sets reactor 101 of nuclear energy power generation subtense angle 10 produces in this process is not used to directly drive steam turbine system to generate electricity, but the overheated and reheat in stage released for liquid air in the high-pressure air multistage expansion process of energy subtense angle 30, that is be that the direct expansion circulation of working medium instead of with water vapour with air be the vapor recycle of working medium, therefore the hot merit transformation efficiency of process improves greatly.
(3) general modfel: in the mean load period, namely the workload demand of user and the rated load of nuclear power generating sets close, now integrated system runs according to general modfel.Air liquefaction subtense angle 20 and liquid air are released and all can be in closed condition by subtense angle 30 in the case, the heat that the nuclear power generating sets reactor 101 of nuclear energy power generation subtense angle 10 produces then mode activated steam turbine system generating traditionally.Being stored in the liquid air in cryogenic tank and the cold in cold-storage unit in the process can inevitably to function of environment heat emission (cold), takes certain measure to reduce the heat exchange of itself and environment very necessary.
Based on above three kinds of operating modes, integrated system can produce the clean output power of different load according to the demand of customer charge, but the pile core on the other hand in nuclear power generating sets reactor 101 and primary Ioops but keep stable operation at full capacity always, this addresses the problem the contradiction between the oneself requirement of nuclear energy power generation continuous and steady operation and the functional requirement of the peak load that disappears, realize and nuclear energy electricity in peak regulation technique.
Concrete, described nuclear energy power generation subtense angle 10 comprises nuclear power generating sets reactor 101, First Heat Exchanger 1011 is provided with in nuclear power generating sets reactor 101, First Heat Exchanger 1011 is connected with two pipelines, be respectively the steam outlet pipe 103 for being exported by steam and be used for the first reflow pipe 108 of being returned by steam, described steam outlet pipe 103 is all connected with steam turbine 106 with the other end of the first reflow pipe 108, steam turbine 106 is connected with the first generator 107, described first reflow pipe 108 is connected with cooling tower 109 and the first pump 102 in turn.When whole integrated system is operated in energy storage pattern and general modfel, the heat that nuclear power generating sets reactor 101 produces makes water vapour become high-pressure steam by First Heat Exchanger 1011 water vapour passed in steam outlet pipe 103, high-pressure steam flows to steam turbine 106 along steam outlet pipe 103, drives steam turbine 106 and then promotes that the first generator 107 generates electricity.The water vapour flowed out from steam turbine 106 flows through cooling tower 109 and the first pump 102 successively along the first reflow pipe 108, finally flows back to First Heat Exchanger 1011 and carries out exchange heat, and back and forth carry out above process.
Described air liquefaction subtense angle 20 comprises exsiccator 202, exsiccator 202 is connected to air inlet 2021 and air outlet slit 2022, described exsiccator 202 is connected successively with compressor bank 201, the 6th heat exchanger 204, low temperature turbine 206, liquid-air tank 207.Described 6th heat exchanger 204 can carry out exchange heat with described cold-storage unit 40, and is also connected with the second reflow pipe 205 between described 6th heat exchanger 204 and liquid-air tank 207.
As a kind of preferred version, described compressor bank 201 comprises the first compressor 2011 and the second compressor 2013, be connected with the 5th heat exchanger 2012 between described first compressor 2011 and the second compressor 2013, between described 6th heat exchanger 204 and the 5th heat exchanger 2012, be also connected with the 3rd reflow pipe 203.
In the low power consumption period, namely when the workload demand of user is less than the rated load of nuclear power system, whole system is run in the mode of energy storage pattern.In this case, nuclear energy power generation subtense angle 10 runs in a conventional mode, namely the high-pressure steam in secondary circuit is used to drive steam turbine system generating, and meanwhile its unnecessary electricity produced is consumed by air liquefaction subtense angle 20 and it stored with the form of liquid air deep cooling energy.When air liquefaction subtense angle 20 works, air enters exsiccator 202 by air inlet 2021, after the air stream in the air that exsiccator 202 dehumidifies and reflux gas mixing, be compressed to working pressure by compressor bank 201.As a kind of preferred process, this compression process adopts the multistage compression process be made up of the first compressor 2011 and the second compressor 2013, and inter-stage adopts the 5th heat exchanger 2012 to realize the process of cascade EDFA, to reduce the power consumption of compression process.High-pressure air stream is admitted to after the 6th heat exchanger 204 is cooled to uniform temperature afterwards, and the air of high pressure low temperature realizes the inflation process of an approximate constant entropy through low temperature turbine 206.Liquid part in product after expansion is final liquefied air, liquid part can flow into liquid-air tank 207, and gaseous parts is admitted in the 6th heat exchanger 204 as reflux gas by the second reflow pipe 205, to provide the cold required for main flow high-pressure air.From the 6th heat exchanger 204, be sent back to the 5th heat exchanger 2012 by the 3rd reflow pipe 203 afterwards and carry out heat exchange, mix as the air stream reflux gas and air after the 5th heat exchanger 2012 flows out.It is worthy of note, the cold that reflux gas comprises can not meet the demand of the 6th heat exchanger 204, and the cold of remaining part will pass through cold-storage unit 40, and the sensible heat (cold) be namely stored in heat exchanging fluid provides.It is worthy of note, Cryogenic air not only can produce liquid air in the inflation process of low temperature turbine, and generating portion mechanical energy can drive compressor, to reduce the energy consumption of compressor bank simultaneously.
Described liquid air is released and can be comprised cryopump 308 by subtense angle 30, the entrance of described cryopump 308 is connected with the outlet of liquid-air tank 207, the outlet of described cryopump 308 successively with the second heat exchanger 307, 3rd heat exchanger 305, air turbine group 302, second generator 303 is connected, described second heat exchanger 307 can also carry out exchange heat with described cold-storage unit 40, cold-storage unit 40 uses low-temperature refrigerant such as propane and ethanol etc. by the cold efficient absorption discharged in high-pressure liquid air again gasification and stores, and the cold of storage is used for the liquefaction process of air.Reduce air-fluidized energy consumption with this, improve the energy storage efficiency of system.The 4th reflow pipe 304 is also connected with between described air turbine group 302 and the 3rd heat exchanger 305, described 4th reflow pipe 304 is sent back in the 3rd heat exchanger 305 for tail gas air turbine group 302 produced, and the tail gas after expansion is used to entering the high-pressure air preheating before air turbine group.
As a kind of preferred version, be also connected with the 5th reflow pipe 306 between described 3rd heat exchanger 305 and exsiccator 202, described 5th reflow pipe 306 is for sending back to the tail gas after backheat in exsiccator 202.
As a kind of preferred version, described air turbine group 302 comprises two or more air turbine 3021, and in the present embodiment, the number of air turbine 3021 is 4.
As a kind of preferred version, the outlet of described 3rd heat exchanger 305, entrance the respectively with four heat exchanger 301 of each air turbine 3021 are connected.The ingress of described steam turbine 106 is provided with first three-way valve 104, the ingress of the first water pump 110 is provided with second three-way valve 110, first three-way valve 104 passes through gas branch pipe 105 and is communicated with the 4th heat exchanger 301, second three-way valve 110 is communicated with the 4th heat exchanger 301 by backflow arm 111, so nuclear power generating sets reactor 101 rear end has two loops.Be greater than the rated load period of nuclear power system at the workload demand of user, the heat energy that nuclear power generating sets reactor 101 produces can flow to the 4th heat exchanger 301 by the first three-way valve 104, generates electricity for driving air turbine group 302.
In the peak of power consumption period, namely when the workload demand of user is greater than the rated load of nuclear power system, integrated system runs in the mode releasing energy pattern.Air liquefaction subtense angle 20 is in off-mode in this process, and the liquid air that air liquefaction subtense angle 20 stores is released can be produced electric energy to meet the demand of user by subtense angle 30 by liquid air.In this process, first liquid air in liquid-air tank 207 is forced into working pressure (more than critical pressure) by cryopump 308, then the air of high pressure low temperature flow to the second heat exchanger 307 and was preheated to room temperature, the cold of its release is stored in cold-storage unit 40 by with the form of the sensible heat of heat exchanging fluid simultaneously, in order to providing cold when air liquefaction subsystem work.The air of high pressure room temperature then carries out heat exchange by the 3rd heat exchanger 305 with the tail gas of air turbine group 302.Meanwhile, as preferably, first three-way valve 104 of nuclear energy power generation subtense angle 10 is adjusted to the second three-way valve 110 position being communicated with the 4th heat exchanger 301, and in the 4th heat exchanger 301, overheated and reheat in stage process is carried out to high-pressure air, make high-pressure air successively by four air turbine 3021 expansion work, and promote the second generator 303 and generate electricity.First the tail gas that air turbine group 302 produces be used to backheat in the 3rd heat exchanger 305, is then admitted to the regeneration realizing siccative in exsiccator 202.
In the working procedure of whole integrated system, cold-storage unit and cold recovery process play an important role.In air liquefaction process and liquid air exoergic process, the heat exchanging process of air is all carry out under high working pressure, is overcritical heat transfer process.Fig. 2 gives the relation of air temperature and specific heat at constant pressure under different pressures condition, it is visible when working pressure is very high, the specific heat at constant pressure of air varies with temperature hardly, that is air heat transfer process is under elevated pressure conditions closer to sensible heat transfer process.Just because of this, mode recovery and reuse low temperature cold with low-temperature refrigerant sensible heat heat accumulation is proposed, i.e. double-pot type element of construction as shown in Figure 1 in the present invention, in the process of this storage cold-peace cold recycling, refrigeration agent itself is heat exchanging fluid, is again cold-storage carrier.Fig. 3 gives conventional refrigeration agent specific heat at constant pressure variation with temperature under condition of different temperatures.Because the temperature range of the overcritical heat exchange of air in air liquefaction and liquid air exoergic process is very wide, propose the mode that employing two kinds of refrigeration agents and two groups of double-pot types store up cold unit combination in the present invention reclaim and store cold, and the refrigeration agent in the present invention selects propane and methyl alcohol.Adopt the cold-storage mode of double-pot type structure, the flow of heat exchanging fluid easily controls, and all can reach good effect when the air heat exchange with different pressures.
For the compressed water reactor nuclear power system that a clean output work is 250MW in the present embodiment, assuming that integrated system periodic duty in units of sky, and the peak of power consumption period lasts 1 hour of every day, low power consumption period lasts 8 hours.Under such system and operating mode, the liquefying power of air liquefaction unit is production per second 150 kilograms of liquid air, namely 540 tphs, the liquefaction device of such scale and system very general in LNG Liquefied natural gas industry.Air liquefaction subtense angle in addition in the present invention is owing to have employed cold and store and machine cold needed for recovery unit itself reducing greatly, and available energy loss (heat transfer temperature difference causes) in diabatic process is also minimum, as shown in Figure 4.
During system cloud gray model the mass flow rate of cold-storage fluid and the mass flow rate of liquid air similar, wherein the mass flow rate of propane is 1.1 times of liquid air, the mass flow rate of methyl alcohol is 0.6 times of liquid air, and such cold-storage fluid flow makes the density of cold-storage large and cold-storage unit can accomplish compact structure.Table one is the performance of critical piece and process, wherein lists conversion and the loss of heat, merit amount and fiery consumption when integrated system runs.
The power consumption of system air liquefaction subtense angle when energy storage pattern is 76.74MW as can be seen from Table I, account for that nuclear power generating sets always go out merit 1/3rd, and also the loss of liquefaction process moderate heat mainly concentrates on the compression process of air.When system releases energy mode operation with liquid air, the cleared-out merit amount of system can reach 687.51MW, is about 2.7 times of nuclear power generating sets cleared-out merit, thus substantially increases the peak modulation capacity of system.Releasing and can mainly concentrate on the 4th heat exchanger by the available energy loss of system under pattern, i.e. high-pressure air overheated and again thermal process, this is undergone phase transition by the water vapour of secondary circuit to cause.The energy storage efficiency of system in whole service process reaches 71.26%.
The performance of table one critical piece and process
Below know-why of the present invention is described in conjunction with specific embodiments.These describe just in order to explain principle of the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention by any way.Based on explanation herein, those skilled in the art does not need to pay performing creative labour can associate other embodiment of the present invention, and these modes all will fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1., based on a nuclear power peak regulation system for deep cooling energy storage, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Nuclear energy power generation subtense angle (10), this subtense angle is less than the first period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, require oepration at full load according to the rated load of nuclear power system, its unnecessary electric energy produced is used for driving air liquefaction subtense angle (20) to produce liquid air;
Air liquefaction subtense angle (20), this subtense angle is less than the first period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, and the unnecessary electric energy produced by nuclear energy power generation subtense angle (10) is converted into deep cooling by air liquefaction process and can be stored in liquid air;
Liquid air releases energy subtense angle (30), and this subtense angle is greater than the second period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, is electric power by the Conversion of Energy of the liquefied air stored in air liquefaction subtense angle (20);
Cold-storage unit (40), heat exchanging fluid is had in it, described heat exchanging fluid is greater than the second period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, liquid air is released the cold of release when liquid air gasifies again in energy subtense angle (30) to store with the form of sensible heat, be less than the first period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, the cold of storage be used for the air liquefaction of air liquefaction subtense angle (20).
2. the nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described nuclear energy power generation subtense angle (10) and liquid air are released and can be connected by pipeline between subtense angle (30), the second period of nuclear power system rated load is greater than in customer charge demand, released by pipeline flow-direction liquid air can subtense angle (30) along with medium for the heat that the nuclear power generating sets reactor (101) of described nuclear energy power generation subtense angle (10) produces, and is directly used in heating high-pressure air.
3. the nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the nuclear power generating sets reactor (101) of described nuclear energy power generation subtense angle (10) is connected with two pipelines, be respectively the steam outlet pipe (103) for being exported by steam and the first reflow pipe (108) for being returned by steam, described steam outlet pipe (103) is all connected with steam turbine (106) with the other end of the first reflow pipe (108), steam turbine (106) is connected with the first generator (107), described first reflow pipe (108) is connected with cooling tower (109) and the first pump (102) in turn.
4. the nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described air liquefaction subtense angle (20) comprises exsiccator (202), described exsiccator (202) and compressor bank (201), 6th heat exchanger (204), low temperature turbine (206), liquid-air tank (207) is connected successively, described 6th heat exchanger (204) and described cold-storage unit (40) carry out exchange heat, and be also connected with the second reflow pipe (205) between described 6th heat exchanger (204) and liquid-air tank (207), the dried air of dried device is successively through compressor bank, 6th heat exchanger, after the effect of low temperature turbine, be generated liquid part and gaseous parts, liquid part flows into liquid-air tank, gaseous parts flows back to the 6th heat exchanger by the second reflow pipe.
5. the nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described compressor bank (201) comprises the first compressor (2011) and the second compressor (2013).
6. the nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the 5th heat exchanger (2012) is connected with between described first compressor (2011) and the second compressor (2013), also be connected with the 3rd reflow pipe (203) between described 6th heat exchanger (204) and the 5th heat exchanger (2012), described gaseous parts also flows back to the 5th heat exchanger (2012) by the 3rd reflow pipe (203).
7. the nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described liquid air is released and can be comprised cryopump (308) by subtense angle (30), the entrance of described cryopump (308) is connected with the outlet of liquid-air tank (207), the outlet of described cryopump (308) successively with the second heat exchanger (307), 3rd heat exchanger (305), air turbine group (302), second generator (303) is connected, described second heat exchanger (307) also carries out exchange heat with described cold-storage unit (40), the 4th reflow pipe (304) is also connected with between described air turbine group (302) and the 3rd heat exchanger (305), described 4th reflow pipe (304) sends backheat in the 3rd heat exchanger (305) back to for tail gas air turbine group (302) produced.
8. the nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described air turbine group (302) comprises two or more air turbine (3021).
9. the nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the described outlet of the 3rd heat exchanger (305), the entrance the respectively with four heat exchanger (301) of each air turbine (3021) are connected; The ingress of described steam turbine (106) and the ingress of the first water pump (110) are separately installed with a three-way valve, and described two three-way valve are by two pipeline communications the 4th heat exchanger (301); Be greater than the second period of nuclear power system rated load in customer charge demand, the heat energy that nuclear power generating sets reactor (101) produces flows to the 4th heat exchanger (301) along with medium by three-way valve, generates electricity for driving air turbine group (302).
10. the nuclear power peak regulation system based on deep cooling energy storage according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, also be connected with the 5th reflow pipe (306) between described 3rd heat exchanger (305) and exsiccator (202), described 5th reflow pipe (306) is for sending back to the tail gas after backheat in exsiccator (202).
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| PCT/CN2013/079699 WO2015000200A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2013-07-19 | Cryogenic energy storage-based nuclear power peak load regulation system |
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