CN104258138A - 一种用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物及其制备方法,其药物组合物包括以下原料药材:桑叶、菊花、天花粉、葛根、寒水石、竹叶、鸭跖草、栀子、黄柏、白鲜皮、马尾连、金银花、青黛、紫花地丁、金果榄、金荞麦、拳参、大血藤、败酱草、白头翁、大青叶、马齿苋、四季青、南瓜蒂、白薇、伸筋草、密陀僧、铁苋菜和石上开花。本发明的有益效果是:本发明采用这种药物组合物对患有蓝舌病的牛治疗具有清热凉血,解毒敛疮,补气养血的功效。并且,本发明具有高效、不易产生抗药性;毒副作用小、无残留;不污染环境、同时能增加机体抵抗力;价格低廉、可进行市场推广应用等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及兽药技术领域,特别涉及一种用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
蓝舌病是由蓝舌病病毒引起反刍动物的一种严重传染病。以口腔、鼻腔和胃肠道黏膜发生溃疡性炎症变化为特征。OIE将其列为A类疫病。该病以发热、颊粘膜和胃肠道粘膜严重的卡他性炎症为特征,病牛乳房和蹄部也常出现病变,且常因蹄真皮层遭受侵害而发生跛行。蓝舌病病毒抵抗力较强,具有多个血清型,且各型之间交叉免疫性差,故只有制成多价疫苗,才能获得可靠的保护作用。
流行病学:蓝舌病于19世纪后期首先在南非发生,1905年被正式报道。一般认为,从南纬35度到北纬40度之间都可能有蓝舌病存在。病畜、带毒畜是本病的传染源。本病有严格的季节性。主要通过媒介昆虫库蠓叮咬传播。该病也可经胎盘垂直感染;其发生和分布与库蠓的分布、习性和生活史有密切关系。一般发生于5月至10月,多发生于湿热的夏季和秋季,特别是池塘、河流较多的低洼地区。
病原:蓝舌病病毒属呼肠孤病毒科环状病毒属,是一种虫媒病毒。病毒对乙醚、氯仿、0.1%去氧胆酸钠有耐受力,对胰酶敏感;可被过氧乙酸、3%氢氧化钠灭活,在pH5.6~8.O之间稳定,在pH值3.0以下被迅速灭活,在60℃30分钟被杀死;在干燥的血液、血清中和腐败的肉、下水中,可长期生存。病毒有24个血清型,不同血清型之间无交互免疫性。病毒可以在鸡胚、初生哺乳期小鼠和仓鼠体内增殖。蓝舌病毒对内皮细胞有较强的选择性,口腔周围皮肤和蹄冠带的复层扁平上皮下的毛细血管内皮往往病毒浓度更高。病毒在靶细胞内复制后,很快通过血流传遍全身,使大多数器官和组织内都含有一定量的病毒。感染后6-8天病毒中和抗体滴度开始升高,此时,体温上升,初期的组织学病变也同时出现。
临床症状:本病的初期症状不太明显,发热也只是在40℃左右,并不严重,但在食欲不振的同时出现鼻腔、鼻镜和口腔充血,接着转变为淤血。不久就会引起这些组织的部分坏死并逐渐形成结痂,剥落结痂下面组织可形成较浅的溃疡面。而且还可见到眼结膜充血、肿胀、流泪等症状。由于牛的个体不同,有的蹄冠部也出现同样的病变,因此,有的往往被误诊为口蹄疫。以上症状只是前驱症状,一般只表现这些症状的就可恢复痊愈。但部分病牛在这些前驱症状即将消失的时候,突然出现“咽喉头麻痹”症状,还有的牛往往尚未出现这些前驱症状之前就出现咽喉头麻痹了,这种麻痹是因横纹肌呈玻璃样变性而引起的。麻痹可因牛的个体不同出现的部位也不一致,表现在食道的出现食道麻痹症状,表现在舌头上的,出现“垂舌”症状,有时心肌和骨骼肌也会受到不同程度的损害。总之,病牛大都出现吞咽困难的症状、喉头麻痹的病牛饮水往往能引起误咽,极易引起继发性死亡率较高的误咽性肺炎。该病死亡率一般在10%左右。
病理变化:主要在口腔、瘤胃、心脏、肌肉、皮肤和蹄部,呈现糜烂出血点、溃疡和坏死。唇内侧,牙床,舌侧,舌尖,舌面表皮脱落。皮下组织充血及胶样浸润。乳房和蹄冠等部位上皮脱落但不发生水疱,蹄部有蹄叶炎变化,并常溃烂。肺泡和肺间质严重水肿,肺严重充血。脾脏轻微肿大,被膜下出血,淋巴结水肿,外观苍白。骨骼肌严重变性和坏死,肌间有清亮液体浸润,呈胶样外观。口腔出现糜烂和深红色区,舌、齿龈、硬腭、颊部粘膜发生水肿。瘤胃有暗红色区,表面上皮形成空泡变性和死亡。真皮充血、出血和水肿。肌肉出血,肌间有浆液和胶冻样浸润。重者皮肤毛囊周围出血,并有湿疹变化。蹄冠出现红色或红丝,深层充血、出血。心内外膜、心肌、呼吸道和泌尿道粘膜小点状出血。
诊断:依据典型临床症状和病理变化可做出初步诊断,确诊需进一步做实验室诊断。1.样品采集:用于病毒分离鉴定宜采全血(每毫升加2IU肝素抗凝)、动物病毒血症期的肝、脾、肾、淋巴结、精液(置冷藏容器保存,24小时内送到实验检查处理)及捕获库蠓。2.琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验:被检血清孔与抗原孔之间出现致密的沉淀线,并与标准的阳性血清的沉淀线末端互相连接,则为阳性。3.免疫荧光试验:(1)直接法(2)间接法。蓝舌病毒在荧光镜下可见细胞胞浆着染,出现星状绿色颗粒。4.酶联免疫吸附试验:用50%抑制为判定值。
西医防治牛蓝舌病:对病牛应加强营养,精心护理。对症治疗。口腔用清水、食醋或0.1%的高锰酸钾液冲洗;再用1%~3%硫酸铜、1%~2%明矾或碘甘油,涂糜烂面;或用冰硼散外用治疗。蹄部患病时可先用3%来苏儿洗涤,再用木焦油凡士林(1比1)、碘甘油或土霉素软膏涂拭,以绷带包扎。发生本病的地区,应扑杀病畜清除疫源,消灭昆虫媒介,必要时进行预防免疫。用于预防的疫苗有弱毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗等。蓝舌病病毒的多型性和在不同血清型之间无交互免疫性的特点,使免疫接种产生一定困难。首先在免疫接种前应确定当地流行的病毒血清型,选用相应血清型的疫苗,才能收到满意的免疫效果;其次,在一个地区不只有一个血清型时,还应选用二价或多价疫苗。否则,只能用几种不同血清型的单价疫苗相继进行多次免疫接种。无本病发生的地区、禁止从疫区引进易感动物。加强海关检疫和运输检疫,严禁从有该病的国家或地区引进牛羊或冻精。在邻近疫区地带,避免在媒介昆虫活跃的时间内放牧,加强防虫、杀虫措施,防止媒介昆虫对易感动物的侵袭,并避免畜群在低湿地区放牧和留宿。目前尚无有效治疗方法。由于此病发病率较高,大量应用化学合成药物,易产生耐药性的同时,还可导致大量的药物残留,并且较难控制病情,病死率较大,给养殖者带来巨大的经济损失。
但是,相对于西医,中医药防治牛蓝舌病不仅具有西医药所具有的治疗效果,还有西医药所不具备的优势特点。中医药在防治牛蓝舌病方面具有丰富的临床经验与理论基础。中医药以传统中医理论为基础,在整体观的基础上进行辨证论治,强调调节整体功能的同时对同一类病证“异病同治”、“同病异治”,靶向性强,药效直达病灶,疗效显著,适合大面积应用,便于控制病情,降低发病率,病死率,提高治愈率,降低养殖者的经济损失。并且,药物残留量较低,提高牛羊的抗病能力,采用纯天然中药材,价格低廉,药品制作工艺简单,给药方便,具有临床市场推广性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是在于提供一种用于治疗牛蓝舌病的具有清热凉血,解毒敛疮功效的药物组合物及其制备方法。本发明采用这种中药组合物对患有牛蓝舌病的牛治疗具有清热凉血,解毒敛疮,补气养血的功效。并且,本发明具有高效、不易产生抗药性;毒副作用小、无残留;不污染环境、同时能增加机体抵抗力。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物包括以下原料药材:桑叶、菊花、天花粉、葛根、寒水石、竹叶、鸭跖草、栀子、黄柏、白鲜皮、马尾连、金银花、青黛、紫花地丁、金果榄、金荞麦、拳参、大血藤、败酱草、白头翁、大青叶、马齿苋、四季青、南瓜蒂、白薇、伸筋草、密陀僧、铁苋菜和石上开花。
所述药物组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:桑叶15-25重量份、菊花10-20重量份、天花粉10-22重量份、葛根13-26重量份、寒水石10-20重量份、竹叶15-29重量份、鸭跖草10-21重量份、栀子10-24重量份、黄柏10-25重量份、白鲜皮12-24重量份、马尾连10-20重量份、金银花13-30重量份、青黛12-23重量份、紫花地丁10-28重量份、金果榄10-20重量份、金荞麦12-26重量份、拳参10-29重量份、大血藤10-20重量份、败酱草12-26重量份、白头翁10-20重量份、大青叶10-23重量份、马齿苋10-20重量份、四季青10-20重量份、南瓜蒂15-30重量份、白薇11-28重量份、伸筋草13-26重量份、密陀僧1-3重量份、铁苋菜12-27重量份和石上开花10-20重量份。
所述药物组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:桑叶20重量份、菊花18重量份、天花粉17重量份、葛根22重量份、寒水石14重量份、竹叶19重量份、鸭跖草15重量份、栀子20重量份、黄柏15重量份、白鲜皮22重量份、马尾连15重量份、金银花20重量份、青黛20重量份、紫花地丁18重量份、金果榄16重量份、金荞麦16重量份、拳参19重量份、大血藤16重量份、败酱草19重量份、白头翁16重量份、大青叶14重量份、马齿苋16重量份、四季青16重量份、南瓜蒂20重量份、白薇18重量份、伸筋草26重量份、密陀僧2重量份、铁苋菜23重量份和石上开花15重量份。
所述药物组合物还包括阳雀花根、萝藦、一点血和白鹇。
所述药物组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:桑叶15-25重量份、菊花10-20重量份、天花粉10-22重量份、葛根13-26重量份、寒水石10-20重量份、竹叶15-29重量份、鸭跖草10-21重量份、栀子10-24重量份、黄柏10-25重量份、白鲜皮12-24重量份、马尾连10-20重量份、金银花13-30重量份、青黛12-23重量份、紫花地丁10-28重量份、金果榄10-20重量份、金荞麦12-26重量份、拳参10-29重量份、大血藤10-20重量份、败酱草12-26重量份、白头翁10-20重量份、大青叶10-23重量份、马齿苋10-20重量份、四季青10-20重量份、南瓜蒂15-30重量份、白薇11-28重量份、伸筋草13-26重量份、密陀僧1-3重量份、铁苋菜12-27重量份、石上开花10-20重量份、阳雀花根10-30重量份、萝藦12-25重量份、一点血10-20重量份和白鹇13-25重量份。
所述药物组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:桑叶20重量份、菊花18重量份、天花粉17重量份、葛根22重量份、寒水石14重量份、竹叶19重量份、鸭跖草15重量份、栀子20重量份、黄柏15重量份、白鲜皮22重量份、马尾连15重量份、金银花20重量份、青黛20重量份、紫花地丁18重量份、金果榄16重量份、金荞麦16重量份、拳参19重量份、大血藤16重量份、败酱草19重量份、白头翁16重量份、大青叶14重量份、马齿苋16重量份、四季青16重量份、南瓜蒂20重量份、白薇18重量份、伸筋草26重量份、密陀僧2重量份、铁苋菜23重量份、石上开花15重量份、阳雀花根20重量份、萝藦18重量份、一点血5重量份和白鹇18重量份。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明还提供了一种用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物的制备方法,其中,所述药物组合物的剂型为注射剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.12~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.12μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为94%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量2~4倍的醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在10℃~15℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~50分钟,获得0.12~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.12μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为94%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料15g~30g,加入丙二醇20g~40g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~2.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌40~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
其中,所述药物组合物的剂型为胶囊剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将桑叶、菊花、葛根、竹叶、栀子、黄柏、金银花和马齿苋按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3~5倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶2~4,搅拌60~80分钟,温度35℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃~70℃时相对密度为1.12~1.14的清膏;
第二步,将白鲜皮、拳参、金果榄和金荞麦按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3~6倍量醇浓度为85%~90%的乙醇回流提取2~4次,每次2~3小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃~70℃时相对密度为1.13~1.15的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3~5倍量水,煮沸4~6小时,过滤,浓缩至60℃~70℃时相对密度为1.12~1.14的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,2~5重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、3~20重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入100~150重量份醇浓度为80%~90%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,1~3重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
本发明的有益效果是:相对于现有技术中的用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物,采用这种药物组合物对患有蓝舌病的牛治疗具有清热凉血,解毒敛疮,补气养血的功效。本发明具有以传统中医理论为基础,在整体观的基础上进行辨证论治,强调调节整体功能的同时对同一类病证“异病同治”、“同病异治”,靶向性强,药效直达病灶,疗效显著,适合大面积应用,便于控制病情,降低发病率,病死率,降低养殖者的经济损失;并且,药物残留量较低,提高牛的抗病能力,采用纯天然中药材,价格低廉,药品制作工艺简单,给药方便,具有临床市场推广性的优势、特点。
具体实施方式
中兽医认为,所谓六淫,是风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪的统称。阴阳相移,寒暑更作,气候变化都有一定的规律和限度。如果气候变化异常,六气发生太过或不及,或非其时而有其气(如春天当温而反寒,冬季当凉而反热),以及气候变化过于急骤;(如暴寒暴暖),超过了一定的限度,使机体不能与之相适应的时候,就会导致疾病的发生。于是,六气由对机体无害而转化为对机体有害,成为致病的因素。能导致机体发生疾病的六气便称之为“六淫”。固然气候变化与疾病的发生有密切关系,但是异常的气候变化,并非使所有的机体都能发病。有的机体能适应这种异常变化就不发病,而有的机体不能适应这种异常变化就发生疾病。同一异常的气候变化,对于前者来说,便是六淫了。反之,气候变化正常,即使在风调雨顺,气候宜机体的情况下,也会有机体因其适应能力低下而生病。
外感六淫属外感病的致病因素,称之为外邪,而内生五邪,则是指脏腑阴阳气血失调所产生的内风、内寒、内湿、内燥、内热(火)等五种病理变化,属病机学范畴。内生五邪的临床表现虽与风、寒、湿、燥、火等六淫致病特点及其病理反应相似,但为区别于六淫之外风、外寒、外湿、外燥、外火(热),故冠以“内”字,称为“内生五邪”。内生五邪的临床表现,一般都没有表证,多表现为或虚证或实证或虚实夹杂证。外感六淫作用于机体后,引起脏腑阴阳气血功能失调而产生的病理变化,其临床表现,多有表证,而且多属实证。单纯暑邪伤人,一般无表证可见,但常兼湿邪,称为暑湿,则有表证。只有外邪直中时,才径见里证。外感六淫与内生五邪,一为致病因素,一为病理结果,虽有区别,又有密切联系。六淫侵袭,由表入里,损及脏腑,则易致内生五邪之害。内生五邪,脏腑功能失调,则又易感六淫之邪。而疠气是一类具有强烈传染性的病邪。又名戾气、疫疠之气、毒气、异气、杂气、乖戾之气等。疠气通过空气和接触传染。疠气与六淫不同,不是由气候变化所形成的致病因素,而是一种人们的感官不能直接观察到的微小的物质(病原微生物),即“毒”邪。疠气经过口鼻等途径,由外人内,故属于外感病因。由疠气而致的具有剧烈流行性传染性的一类疾病,称之为疫、疫疠、瘟疫(或温疫)等。温病与瘟疫不同,温病为多种外感急性热病的总称,温病无传染性和流行性。
基于此原则,本发明提供一种用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物,以清热凉血,解毒敛疮为主,以补气养血为辅的要治疗原则,选用以下原料药材:桑叶、菊花、天花粉、葛根、寒水石、竹叶、鸭跖草、栀子、黄柏、白鲜皮、马尾连、金银花、青黛、紫花地丁、金果榄、金荞麦、拳参、大血藤、败酱草、白头翁、大青叶、马齿苋、四季青、南瓜蒂、白薇、伸筋草、密陀僧、铁苋菜和石上开花。优选的,还包括:阳雀花根、萝藦、一点血和白鹇。
其中,桑叶、菊花、天花粉、葛根、寒水石、竹叶、鸭跖草、栀子清热泻火、解毒,消肿排脓;黄柏、白鲜皮、马尾连、金银花、青黛、紫花地丁、金果榄、金荞麦、大血藤、败酱草、石上开花清热解毒;白头翁、大青叶、马齿苋、拳参、四季青、南瓜蒂、白薇、伸筋草、密陀僧和铁苋菜清热凉血,消痈敛疮。全方配伍严谨,可抗病毒,愈合溃疡,降低体温,防止粘膜水肿、溃烂等,疗效显著。阳雀花根、萝藦、一点血和白鹇能够补气养血,更好的辅助疗效。
各组分药理如下:
桑叶:味苦、甘、性寒;归肺、肝经。《本草拾遗》:“主霍乱腹痛吐下,冬月用干者浓煮服之。细锉,大釜中煎取如赤糖,去老风及宿血。”《日华子本草》:“利五脏,通关节,下气,煎服;除风痛出汗,并扑损瘀血,并蒸后罯;蛇虫蜈蚣咬,盐挼敷上。”桑叶能疏散风热,解表清热,养阴生津;桑椹能滋阴养血,补虚润燥;桑根白皮能泻肺平喘,利水消肿;桑枝能通经活络,除痹止痛;而桑树烧成的灰叫桑柴灰,也能用于治疗目赤肿痛、青盲、身面水肿,坐卧不得、白癜风、头风白屑、大麻风等病证。桑椹中含有胰蛋白酶抑制物,致使肠道内的消化酶不能破坏C型产生荚膜杆菌B毒素,而引起出血性肠炎。桑椹含脂肪酸,过量食用对消化道可产生刺激症状。
菊花:性微寒,味苦、辛。《本草汇言》:“破血疏肝,解疔散毒。主妇人腹内宿血,解天行火毒丹疔。洗疮疥,又能去风杀虫。”具有疏风、清热、明目、解毒之功效。主要治疗头痛、眩晕、目赤、心胸烦热、疔疮、肿毒等症。现代药理研究表明,菊花具有治疗冠心病、降低血压、预防高血脂、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗衰老等多种药理活性。对金黄色葡萄球菌、白喉杆菌、链球菌、绿脓杆菌、蒺疾杆菌、流感病毒,均有抑制作用。对疔疮,痈疽,丹毒,湿疹,皮炎,风热感冒,咽喉肿痛,高血压病等都有很好疗效。
天花粉:甘、微苦,微寒;归肺、胃经。清热生津,消肿排脓。《本草正义》:“药肆之所谓天花粉者,即以萎根切片用之,有粉之名,无粉之实。其捣细澄粉之法。”《本草求真》:“天花粉,较之栝楼,其性稍平,不似萎性急迫,而有推墙倒壁之功也。至《经》有言安中续绝,似非正说,不过云其热除自安之意。”用于热病烦渴,肺热燥咳,内热消渴,疮疡肿毒。天花粉蛋白(Trichosanthin)是中期妊娠引产的有效蛋白质,同时其亦具有抗葡萄胎活性及抗艾滋病(AIDS)的活性;蛋白质Karasurin对妊娠小鼠有强烈堕胎作用;蛋白质α-Momorcharin和β-Momorcharin具有引产、免疫抑制和抗肿瘤作用。
葛根:性凉,味甘、辛,入脾、胃经。明朝著名的医学家李时珍对葛根进行了系统的研究,认为葛根的茎、叶、花、果、根均可入药。他在《本草纲目》中这样记载:“葛,性甘、辛、平、无毒,主治:消渴、身大热、呕吐、诸弊,起阴气,解诸毒”。可升阳解肌,透疹止泻,除烦止温。治伤寒、温热头痛项强,烦热消渴,泄泻,痢疾,癍疹不透,高血压,心绞痛,耳聋。
寒水石:辛、咸,寒;归心、胃、肾经。《名医别录》:“凝水石,色如云母,可拆者良,盐精也。生常山山谷又中水县及邯郸。”《本草纲目》:“治小便白,内痹,凉血降火,止牙疼,坚牙明。”主治时行热病,壮热烦渴,咽喉肿痛,水肿,尿闭,口舌生疮,痈疽,丹毒,烫伤。 寒水石治五脏六腑积熟,天行时气疫热,以致烦满消渴,治伤寒发狂,或弃衣奔走。治风热心躁, 口干狂言,浑身壮热及中诸毒。
竹叶:性味,甘,微寒。《本草纲目》:“去烦热,利小便,除烦止渴,小儿痘毒,外症恶毒。”功效清热除烦,利尿通淋。《草木便方》:“消痰,止渴。治烦热,咳喘,吐血,呕哕,小儿惊痫。”用于热病烦渴,心胃火盛。竹叶提取物是新开发的一种生物黄酮类保健营养素,具有优良的抗自由基能力和确凿的类SOD 活性;对亚硝化反应的阻断能力可与VC 相媲美;抗衰老、抗应激和抗疲劳的作用与花粉相当;降血脂和血胆固醇、抗氧化的作用与银杏叶提取物相同;抗菌、消炎和抗病毒作用与茶多酚相似;镇咳祛痰、清热解毒的功效胜竹沥一筹;并具有显著的免疫增强作用,能提高人体对不良环境和疾病的抵抗力:还具有良好的水热稳定性、抗氧化稳定性和独特的竹叶清香。不含任何有害成分和抗营养因子,无毒、副作用,是一种十分理想的纯天然保健。
栀子:苦、寒、无毒;入心经,肝经,肺经,胃经,三焦经。《神农本草经》:“主五内邪气,胃中热气,面赤酒疱齄鼻,白癞赤癞疮疡。”《名医别录》:“大寒,无毒。主治目热赤痛,胸心大小肠大热,心中烦闷,胃中热气。”泻火除烦,清热利湿,凉血解毒,凉血止血。热病心烦,肝火目赤,头痛,湿热黄疸,淋证,血痢尿血,口舌生疮,疮疡肿毒,扭伤肿痛。该品苦寒清降,能清泻三焦火邪、泻心火而除烦,为治热病心烦、躁扰不宁之要药。有清利下焦肝胆湿热之功效,可用治肝胆湿热郁蒸之黄疸、小便短赤者。栀子的降血压作用部位在中枢,主要是加强了延脑副交感中枢紧张度所致。
鸭跖草:甘,寒,淡;入心,肝、脾、肾、大小肠诸经。《本草拾遗》:“主寒热瘴疟,痰饮,丁肿,肉症涩滞,小儿丹毒,发热狂痫,大腹痞满,身面气肿,热痢,蛇犬咬,痈疽等毒。”《滇南本草》:“补养气血,疗妇人白带、红崩,生新血,止尿血、鼻衄血、血淋。”用于外感发热,或热性病发热不退,或咽喉肿痛,以及痈肿疮疡等症。用于小便不利、水肿,或湿入下注膀胱、小便淋沥涩痛等症。同属植物茎叶的水浸剂或煎剂能兴奋子宫、收缩血管,并能缩短凝血时间。
黄柏:为芸香科植物黄皮树或黄檗的干燥树皮。前者习称“川黄柏”,后者习称“关黄柏”。可入药,性味苦寒,有清热燥湿,泻火除蒸,解毒疗疮之功效。黄檗分布于中国东北和华北各省等地区,喜生长于山区、杂林之中,适应性强,适合阳光充足的地方栽培,也能抗严寒。黄柏为常用中药,其性寒、味苦,具清热燥湿、泻火解毒等功效,常用于湿热泻痢、黄疸、白带以及热痹、热淋等症。现代研究表明,黄柏含小蘖碱、黄柏酮等主要成分,有抗菌、收敛、消炎的作用,对各种皮肤湿毒、疮疡等症状,功效良好。《本经逢原》曰:“黄柏,生用降实火,酒制治阴火上炎,盐制治下焦之火,姜制治中焦痰火,姜汁炒黑治湿热,盐酒炒黑制虚火,阴虚火盛面赤戴阳,附子汁制”。
白鲜皮:苦,咸,寒;入脾经,肺经,小肠经,胃经,膀胱经。《名医别录》:“白鲜。生上谷及宛朐。四月、五月采根、阴干。”《药性论》:“治一切热毒风,恶风,风疮、疥癣赤烂,眉发脱脆,皮肌急,壮热恶寒;主解热黄、酒黄、急黄、谷黄、劳黄等。”《本草纲目》:“白鲜皮,气寒善行,味苦性燥,为诸黄风痹要药,世医止施之疮科,浅矣。”本品所含白藓碱于小量时对离体蛙心有兴奋作用,可使心肌张力增加,分钟输出量及博出量均增加。白藓碱对家兔和豚鼠子宫平滑肌有强力的收缩作用,伊红染色法结果表明本品非极性溶剂提取物及挥发油有体外抗癌活性,根皮有解热作用,给发热(温刺法)之家兔口服其煎剂,能使体温下降。
马尾连:性味苦寒,清热燥湿,泻火解毒。治湿热泻痢,黄疸,热病烦躁,肺热咳嗽,痈疮肿毒,目赤肿痛。现在应用于肠炎,传染性肝炎,感冒,麻疹,痈肿疮疖,结膜炎。非替定碱有降压作用,其粗制剂可治高血压。木兰花碱、小檗碱、药根碱等参见青木香、黄连条。同属植物瓣蕊唐松草Thalictrumpetaloideum或箭头唐松草T.simplex含箭头唐松草碱(Thalsimine),对动物有消炎、镇痛、降温作用.紫唐松草T.Dasycarpum含唐松草卡品碱(Thalicarpine)、紫唐松草碱(Thalidasine)、香唐松草碱,对大鼠瓦g癌一256及小鼠Lewis肺癌有效。唐松草卡品碱还有弱的降压作用。
金银花:性寒,味甘,入肺、心、胃经,具有清热解毒、抗炎、补虚疗风的功效,主治胀满下疾、温病发热,热毒痈疡和肿瘤等症。其对于头昏头晕、口干作渴、多汗烦闷、肠炎、菌痢、麻疹、肺炎、乙脑、流脑、急性乳腺炎、败血症、阑尾炎、皮肤感染、痈疽疔疮、丹毒、腮腺炎、化脓性扁桃体炎等病症均有一定疗效。同时金银花茶有独特的减肥功能,还能抑制与杀灭咽喉部的病原菌,对老人和儿童有抗感染功效。所以,经常服用金银花浸泡或煎剂有利于风火目赤、咽喉肿痛、肥胖症、肝热症和肝热型高血压的治疗与康复。温病初期:常与;连翘、薄荷、淡豆鼓等同用,具有清热解毒、疏风解表作用,可用以温病初期,发热微恶寒风寒,口微渴,如银翘散。痈疽疔毒:常与蒲公英、紫地丁、野菊花等同用,能增强清热解毒作用,可用以痈疽疔毒,红肿疼痛,如五味消毒饮。金银花有较好的退热作用,能抗炎,控制炎症的渗出和炎性增生,能促进白细胞的吞噬功能,对多种化脓性球菌及肠道致病菌有较强的抑菌作用,包括葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、新城疫、绿脓杆菌、结核杆菌等。此外金银花还有利胆保肝、抗氧化、降血脂、中枢兴奋等作用。
大青叶:苦,寒;入肝、心、胃经。《本草纲目》:"主热毒痢,黄疸,喉痹,丹毒。""蓝叶汁,解斑蝥、芫青、樗鸡,朱砂、砒石毒。"《本草正》:"治瘟疫热毒发狂,风热斑疹,痈疡肿痛,除烦渴,止鼻衄、吐血,杀疳蚀、金疮箭毒。凡以热兼毒者,皆宜蓝叶捣汁用之。"清热,解毒,凉血,止血。治温病热盛烦渴,流行性感冒,急性传染性肝炎,菌痢,急性胃肠炎,急性肺炎,丹毒,吐血,衄血,黄疸,痢疾,喉痹,口疮,痈疽肿毒。 抗病原微生物作用:大青叶煎剂体外试验对金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型链球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、肺炎链球菌、卡他球菌、伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、流感杆菌、白喉杆菌及痢疾杆菌有一定抑制作用;大青叶对乙型脑炎病毒、腮腺炎病毒、流感病毒等也有抑制作用。此外大青叶有杀灭钩端螺旋体的作用。
青黛:味咸,性寒,入肝经,具有清热解毒、凉血止血、清肝泻火的功效,用于温病发斑、吐血、咽喉肿痛、疱疹湿疮等热毒诸证、肝火犯肺、咳嗽胸痛、痰中带血、高热惊痫、惊风抽搐等证,青黛含靛蓝、靛玉红,有清热解毒、敛疮抗病毒的作用,对霍乱杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌以及部分病毒具有抑制作用。
紫花地丁:味苦、辛,性寒,入心、肝经,具有清热解毒、凉血消肿的作用,主流行性感冒;上呼吸道感染;扁桃体炎;传染性肝炎;肠炎;痢疾;肾炎;腮腺炎;结膜炎;急性阑尾炎;疔疮痈肿;瘰疬。清热解毒。治疔疮痈肿,黄疸内热,小儿鼻血,阑尾炎,毒蛇咬伤。①《滇南本草》:破血,解痈疽疥癞,九种痔疮,诸疮毒症。②《纲目》:主治一切痈疽发背,疔肿瘰疬,无名肿毒,恶疮。③《本草求原》:凉血,消肿毒。治血热筋痿,敷疮妙。④《岭南采药录》:作泻药及吐药。⑤《上海常用中草药》:清热解毒,外用拔毒消肿。治目赤肿痛,麦粒肿,疗疮肿毒,乳痈,肠炎腹泻,毒蛇咬伤。⑥苏医《中草药手册》:治一切化脓性感染,毒蛇咬伤,淋巴结核,黄疸,肾炎,膀胱炎,关节肿痛,便血,鼻出血,眼结膜炎,前列腺炎。紫花地丁对黄金色葡萄球菌、肺炎杆菌、大肠杆菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌、流感杆菌、白喉杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白色葡萄糖球菌、白色念珠菌有不同程度的抑制作用。
拳参:苦,凉;归肺、肝、大肠经。《现代实用中药》:"内服治赤痢;含漱作口腔炎之收敛剂;外用治痔疮及肿疡。"《中药志》:"清热解毒,散结消肿。治热病惊痫,手足抽搐,破伤风,痈肿瘰疬,蛇虫咬伤。"清热镇惊,理湿消肿。治热病惊搐,破伤风,赤痢,痈肿,瘰疬。拳参渗拳参漉液与明胶等制成的止血净1号,用于犬和绵羊各种止血实验(股动脉切断,肝脏剪口,脾脏切除等出血)均有一定止血效果。在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌等均有抗菌作用。
金荞麦:性凉,味辛、苦。能清热解毒,活血消痈,祛风除湿疮毒,蛇虫咬伤。主肺痈,肺热咳喘,咽喉肿痛,痢疾,风湿痹证,跌打损伤,痈肿癌。用作清热解毒,据江苏南通经验,必须隔水炖汁服,煎服则疗效不显著。临床用治咽喉肿痛;用治肺热咳嗽,或肺痈,可单用本品一两,隔水炖汁服,也可配合鱼腥草等药同用。治疗手足关节不利,风湿筋骨酸痛等症。体外实验虽无明显抗菌作用,但对金黄色葡萄球菌的凝固酶、溶血素及绿脓杆菌内毒素有对抗作用。
金果榄:苦,寒。归肺、大肠经。《药性考》:“解毒。咽喉痹急,口烂宜服。疽痈发背,焮赤疔瘯,蛇蝎虫伤,磨涂。治目痛,耳胀,热嗽,岚瘴,吐衄,一切外症。”《柑园小识》:“祛内外结热,遍身恶毒,消瘴疠,双单喉蛾及齿痛,切薄片含;磨涂疔疮肿毒。”功用清热解毒,利咽,消肿止痛。用于咽喉肿痛,痈疽疔毒,泄泻,痢疾,脘腹热痛。除煎汤内服外,亦可用鲜草捣烂外敷。
白头翁:味苦,性寒;归胃经、大肠经。《本经逢原》:“白头翁,《本经》言苦温者,传写之误也。其治温疟狂易寒热等症,皆少阳、阳明热邪固结之病,结散则积血去而腹痛止矣。《别录》止鼻衄,弘景止毒痢,亦是热毒入伤血分之候。”《药性论》:“止腹痛及亦毒痢,治齿痛,主项下瘤疬。主百骨节痛。”可清热解毒,凉血止痢,燥湿杀虫,用于热毒痢疾,鼻衄,血痔,带下,阴痒,痈疮,瘰疬。白头翁水浸液能延长患流感病毒PR8小白鼠的存活日期,对其肺部损伤亦有轻度减轻。
大血藤:味苦,性平,归肝、大肠经,《湖南药物志》:“通经补血,强筋壮骨,驱虫。治跌打损伤,风湿疼痛,血晕,血淋,筋骨疼痛,疮疖,血丝虫病。”《简易草药》:“治筋骨疼痛,追风,健腰膝,壮阳事。”具有败毒消痈,活血通络,祛风杀虫的作用,主治急、慢性阑尾炎,风湿痹痛,赤痢,血淋,月经不调,疳积,虫痛,跌扑损伤等证。对离体蟾蜍心脏的作用按八木氏离体心脏装置,以20ml任氏液灌流,将0.1g红藤加入灌流液中(0.5%),发现对离体心脏呈轻度抑制,表现心缩力减弱,心率减慢(P0.05),心输出量减少(P0.01)。对离体家兔主动脉条的作用将离体家兔的主动脉条,结果血管开始出现明显的收缩作用,该作用可被酚妥拉明阻断,提示其收缩作用可能与a-受体有关。随后又渐出现持久的松弛作用。
败酱草:味辛、苦,微寒;归肝、胃、大肠经。《滇南本草》:“凉血热,寒胃,发肚腹中诸积,利小便。《本草纲目》:“治血淋痔瘘。”《唐本草》:“败酱,不出近道,多生岗岭间,叶似水莨及薇衔,丛生,花黄,根紫作陈酱色;其叶殊不似豨莶也。”功用清热解毒,凉血,消痈排脓,祛瘀止痛,用于肠痈,肺痈高热,咳吐脓血,热毒疮疔,疮疖痛肿,胸腹疼痛,阑尾炎,肠炎、痢疾,产后腹痛,痛经。
马齿苋:性寒,味甘酸;入心、肝、脾、大肠经。《本草纲目》:“散血消肿,利肠滑胎,解毒通淋,治产后虚汗。”《开宝本草》:“服之长年不白。治痈疮,杀诸虫。生捣汁服,当利下恶物,去白虫。”功用清热解毒,利水去湿,散血消肿,除尘杀菌,消炎止痛,止血凉血。主治痢疾,肠炎,肾炎,产后子宫出血,便血,乳腺炎等病症。散血消肿,利肠滑胎,解毒通淋,治产后虚汗。马齿苋是滑利的,有滑胎的作用。
四季青:苦,涩,凉。《本草图经》:“烧灰,面膏涂之、治皲瘃殊效、兼灭瘢疵。”四季青治肺热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,热淋,泻痢。本品苦寒,善于清泻肺火而解热毒。用于肺火上壅,咳嗽、咽痛以及风热感冒;或热毒下侵,小便淋沥涩痛,泄泻痢疾者,单用本品即效。四季青治感冒发热,肺热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,小便淋沥涩痛及痢疾、腹泻病症,可单用本品一两,煎服;也可配合蒲公英、乌蔹莓、鸭拓草等同用。本品有收敛止血之效。
南瓜蒂:本品呈5-6角形的盘状,直径2.5-5.5cm,上附残存的柱状果柄。外表淡黄色,微有光泽,具稀疏刺关短毛及突起的小圆点。果柄略弯曲,粗约1-2条,纵向延伸至蒂端。技坚硬,断面黄白色,常有空隙可见。化学成份以蒂大、色黄、坚实者为佳。味苦;微甘;性平。归经肺;肝经。功能主治解毒;利水;安胎。主痈疽肿毒;疔疮;烫伤;疮溃不敛;水肿腹水;胎动不安。
白薇:性味苦咸,寒。①《本经》:"味苦,平。"②《别录》:"咸,大寒,无毒。"③《本草汇言》:"味苦咸,气温,无毒。"④《本草备要》:"苦咸,寒。"归经入肺、胃、肾经。①《纲目》:"阳明经。"②《雷公炮制药性解》:"入心、肾二经。"③《本草新编》:"入心、脾二经。"功能主治清热,凉血。治阴虚内热,风温灼热多眠,肺热咳血,温疟,瘅疟,产后虚烦血厥,热淋,血淋,风湿痛,瘰疬。①《本经》:"主暴中风,身热肢满,忽忽不知人,狂惑邪气,寒热酸疼,温疟洗洗,发作有时。"②《别录》:"疗伤中淋露。下水气,利阴气,益精,久服利人。"③陶弘景:"疗惊邪,风狂,庢病。"④《纲目》:"治风温灼热多眠,及热淋,遗尿,金疮出血。"⑤《本草述》:"主治患痰虚烦。"⑥《要药分剂》:"清虚火,除血热。" ⑦《现代实用中药》:"治卒中患者之四肢浮肿,又用于急性热病中末期之灼热及衰弱病之消耗热,肺结核之骨蒸潮热等,有清凉性滋养之效;又用于小溲亦涩,肺热咳嗽等证。" ⑧《民间常用草药汇编》:"清肺热。治吐血及老年咳嗽。" ⑨《南方主要有毒植物》:"治肾炎、肺结核、尿路感染、水肿等。"
伸筋草:性味苦辛,温。①《本草拾遗》:"味苦辛,温,无毒。"②《本草求原):"甘涩,平。"归经《四川中药志》:"入肝、脾、肾三经。"功能主治祛风散寒,除湿消肿,舒筋活血。治风寒湿痹,关节酸痛,皮肤麻木,四肢软弱,水肿,跌打损伤。①《本草拾遗》:"主久患风痹,脚膝疼冷,皮肤不仁,气力衰弱。"②《滇南本草》:"下气,消胸中痞满横格之气,推胃中隔宿之食,去年久腹中之坚积,消水肿。"③《生草药性备要》:"消肿,除风湿。浸酒饮,舒筋活络。其根治气结疼痛,损伤,金疮内伤,去痰止咳。"④《浙江民间常用草药》:"舒筋,消炎。治关节酸痛,带状疱疹。"⑤《东北常用中草药手册》:"舒筋活血,祛风散寒,止痛。治腰腿酸痛,风湿性关节肿痛,月经不调。"
密陀僧:性味咸辛,平。①《唐本草》:"味咸辛,平。"②《日华子本草》:"味甘,平,无毒。"归经入肝、脾经。①《玉楸药解》:"入足厥阴肝经。"②《本草求真》:"入脾。"功能主治消肿杀虫,收敛防腐,坠痰镇惊。治痔疮,肿毒,溃疡,湿疹,狐臭,创伤,久痢,惊痫。①《唐本草》:"主久利,五痔,金创。面上瘢酐,面膏药用之。"②《日华子本草》:"镇心,补五脏,治惊痫、嗽、呕及吐痰等。"③《本草别说》:"通治口疮最验。"④《纲目》:"疗反胃,消渴,疟疾,下痢。止血,杀虫,消积。治诸疮,消肿毒,除胡臭。"⑤《本草正》:"治汗斑,收阴汗、脚气。"⑥《本经逢原》:"水磨服,解砒霜、硫黄毒。"
铁苋菜:来源大戟科铁苋菜属植物铁苋菜Acalypha australis L.,以全草入药。夏秋采集全草,去泥土,晒干。性味苦、涩,凉。功能主治清热解毒,消积,止痢,止血。用于肠炎,细菌性痢疾,阿米巴痢疾,小儿疳积,肝炎,疟疾,吐血,衄血,尿血,便血,子宫出血;外用治痈疖疮疡,外伤出血,湿疹,皮炎,毒蛇咬伤。
石上开花:生态环境:生于海拔800-2400m山坡岩石上。资源分布:分布于陕西、甘肃、湖北、湖南、广西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏等地。性状本品原植物经订正为岩松Sinocrassula indica(Decne.)Berger,参见“岩松”条。性味酸;辛;微寒。归经肝经。功能主治清热解毒;凉血止血;收敛生肌;止咳。主热毒疮疡;咽喉肿痛;烫伤;痢疾;热淋;血热出血;肺热咳嗽。
阳雀花根:来源为百科植物云南锦鸡儿的根。8~10月采挖。洗净,切片,晒干。原形态植物形态详"阳雀花"条。性味性平,味甘微苦。功能主治祛风活血,止痛,利尿,补气益肾。治风湿性关节炎,跌打损伤,乳汁分泌不足,浮肿,痛经。
萝藦:萝藦科萝藦属植物萝藦Metaplexis japonica (Thunb.)Makino,以块根、全草和果壳入药。秋季采果,夏季采块根及全草,晒干。性味根:甘,温。果壳:辛,温。全草:甘、微辛,温。功能主治根:补气益精。用于体质虚弱,阳痿,白带,乳汁不足,小儿疳积;外用治疔疮,五步蛇咬伤。果壳:补虚助阳,止咳化痰。用于体质虚弱,痰喘咳嗽,百日咳,阳痿,遗精;外用治创伤出血(用种毛贴患处)。全草:强壮,行气活血,消肿解毒。用于肾虚遗精,乳汁不足;外用治疮疖肿毒,虫、蛇咬伤。
一点血:生于溪边或阴湿石岩上。在四川有分布。化学成份根状茎显强心甙、黄酮类、鞣质、酚类、甾醇、三萜类、皂甙反应。炮制洗净、切片、晒干备用。性味甘、苦,平。功能主治补气健脾,养血、止血。病后虚弱,咳嗽咯血,功能性子宫出血,白带。
白鹇:生态环境:多见于山地竹林中。资源分布:分布广西、广东。化学成份:肉含蛋白质(protein),肽类(petides),脂类(lipid)。性味味甘;性平。归经脾;肺经。功能主治:补气;健脾;益肺。主脾胃虚弱;食欲不振;食后饱胀;大便溏泄;虚劳发热;咳嗽。
以下采用实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1 药物组合物1
桑叶20重量份、菊花18重量份、天花粉17重量份、葛根22重量份、寒水石14重量份、竹叶19重量份、鸭跖草15重量份、栀子20重量份、黄柏15重量份、白鲜皮22重量份、马尾连15重量份、金银花20重量份、青黛20重量份、紫花地丁18重量份、金果榄16重量份、金荞麦16重量份、拳参19重量份、大血藤16重量份、败酱草19重量份、白头翁16重量份、大青叶14重量份、马齿苋16重量份、四季青16重量份、南瓜蒂20重量份、白薇18重量份、伸筋草26重量份、密陀僧2重量份、铁苋菜23重量份和石上开花15重量份。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成2μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于2μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为94%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量4倍的醇浓度为80%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在10℃的条件下静置24小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎50分钟,获得2μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于2μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为94%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料20g,加入丙二醇20g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌45分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.23μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
实施例2 药物组合物2
桑叶20重量份、菊花18重量份、天花粉17重量份、葛根22重量份、寒水石14重量份、竹叶19重量份、鸭跖草15重量份、栀子20重量份、黄柏15重量份、白鲜皮22重量份、马尾连15重量份、金银花20重量份、青黛20重量份、紫花地丁18重量份、金果榄16重量份、金荞麦16重量份、拳参19重量份、大血藤16重量份、败酱草19重量份、白头翁16重量份、大青叶14重量份、马齿苋16重量份、四季青16重量份、南瓜蒂20重量份、白薇18重量份、伸筋草26重量份、密陀僧2重量份、铁苋菜23重量份、石上开花15重量份、阳雀花根20重量份、萝藦18重量份、一点血5重量份和白鹇18重量份。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将桑叶、菊花、葛根、竹叶、栀子、黄柏、金银花和马齿苋按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶3,搅拌60分钟,温度40℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.12的清膏;
第二步,将白鲜皮、拳参、金果榄和金荞麦按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4倍量醇浓度为85%的乙醇回流提取2次,每次2小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.13的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3倍量水,煮沸4小时,过滤,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.12的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,3重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、5重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入100重量份醇浓度为80%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,2重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
药物的毒性试验
1、试验药物①:将桑叶20g、菊花18g、天花粉17g、葛根22g、寒水石14g、竹叶19g、鸭跖草15g、栀子20g、黄柏15g、白鲜皮22g、马尾连15g、金银花20g、青黛20g、紫花地丁18g、金果榄16g、金荞麦16g、拳参19g、大血藤16g、败酱草19g、白头翁16g、大青叶14g、马齿苋16g、四季青16g、南瓜蒂20g、白薇18g、伸筋草26g、密陀僧2g、铁苋菜23g和石上开花15g按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量3倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,加热回流2小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量2倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,加热回流2小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;将获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1小时,粉碎,过筛,获得350目的超微细粉;将获得的超微细粉,加入相对于其质量0.2倍的微晶纤维素、0.05倍乳糖、0.1倍的淀粉,过筛,混合均匀,制粒,干燥,加入相对于超微细粉质量0.02倍硬脂酸镁,整粒,压片,制成。
试验药物②:将桑叶20g、菊花18g、天花粉17g、葛根22g、寒水石14g、竹叶19g、鸭跖草15g、栀子20g、黄柏15g、白鲜皮22g、马尾连15g、金银花20g、青黛20g、紫花地丁18g、金果榄16g、金荞麦16g、拳参19g、大血藤16g、败酱草19g、白头翁16g、大青叶14g、马齿苋16g、四季青16g、南瓜蒂20g、白薇18g、伸筋草26g、密陀僧2g、铁苋菜23g、石上开花15g、阳雀花根20g、萝藦18g、一点血5g和白鹇18g按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量3倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,加热回流2小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量2倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,加热回流2小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;将获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1小时,粉碎,过筛,获得350目的超微细粉;将获得的超微细粉,加入相对于其质量0.2倍的微晶纤维素、0.05倍乳糖、0.1倍的淀粉,过筛,混合均匀,制粒,干燥,加入相对于超微细粉质量0.02倍硬脂酸镁,整粒,压片,制成。
2、试验方法①:将试验药物①对小鼠按8.5、17.0和42.5g生药/kg连续用药12周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天一次)及停药4周后,结果表明:本试验药物①对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药12周及停药4周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明药物组合物①对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
试验方法②:将试验药物②对小鼠按8.5、17.0和42.5g生药/kg连续用药12周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天一次)及停药4周后,结果表明:本发明中药制剂对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药12周及停药4周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明中药制剂对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
对比试验
广州某养牛场养殖牛约1000头,2013年2月,约有500头牛出现蓝舌病的症状:在口腔、瘤胃、心脏、肌肉、皮肤或蹄部,呈现糜烂出血点、溃疡和坏死。唇内侧,牙床,舌侧,舌尖,舌面表皮脱落。皮下组织充血及胶样浸润。乳房和蹄冠等部位上皮脱落但不发生水疱,蹄部有蹄叶炎变化,并常溃烂。解剖部分患病牛发现,肺泡和肺间质严重水肿,肺严重充血。脾脏轻微肿大,被膜下出血,淋巴结水肿,外观苍白。骨骼肌严重变性和坏死,肌间有清亮液体浸润,呈胶样外观。瘤胃有暗红色区,表面上皮形成空泡变性和死亡。真皮充血、出血和水肿。肌肉出血,肌间有浆液和胶冻样浸润。蹄冠出现红色或红丝,深层充血、出血。心内外膜、心肌、呼吸道和泌尿道粘膜小点状出血。
选择150头患病牛,隔离养殖,并随机分为三组,实施例1组、实施例2组和西药对照组,每组50头。
实施例1组采用本发明实施例1的药物组合物注射剂进行治疗,将注射剂肌肉注射一日一次,每次5ml,治疗进行7日。
实施例2组采用本发明实施例2的药物组合物胶囊剂进行治疗,将胶囊剂按照3:100的比例混入传统饲料中,正常饲喂,进行7日。
西药对照组:口腔用清水、食醋或0.1%的高锰酸钾液冲洗;再用1%~3%硫酸铜、1%~2%明矾或碘甘油,涂糜烂面;或用冰硼散外用治疗。蹄部患病时可先用3%来苏儿洗涤,再用木焦油凡士林(1比1)、碘甘油或土霉素软膏涂拭,以绷带包扎。治疗进行7日。
记录实验过程的治疗情况。显效:口腔、蹄部等表面症状消失,各方面恢复正常;有效:口腔、蹄部等大部分症状消失,各方面基本恢复正常;无效: 口腔、蹄部等症状未见好转,更厉害,甚至死亡。参见表1。
记录实验前后的牛的平均体重,计算出平均体重增长情况。参见表2。
表1为各组的治疗情况对比(总共50头)
参见表1可以看出,实施例1组和实施例2组的治疗牛的有效数和有效率都要高于西药对照组的牛的有效数和有效率,可以得知,本发明的药物组合物,治疗牛蓝舌病上,治疗效果好,疗效确切,很好的改善病情。
表2为各组的牛的平均增长体重对比
参见表2可以看出,实施例1组和实施例2组的治疗牛蓝舌病的同时,增长速度都要快于西药对照组,保持了牛的正常生长。
综上所述,本发明药物组合物,在治疗牛蓝舌病上,治疗效果好,疗效确切,并且保证了牛的正常生长。
举例:广州市某养牛场养牛500头,2013年5月,200头出现牛蓝舌病症状:在口腔、瘤胃、心脏、肌肉、皮肤或蹄部,呈现糜烂出血点、溃疡和坏死。唇内侧,牙床,舌侧,舌尖,舌面表皮脱落。皮下组织充血及胶样浸润。乳房和蹄冠等部位上皮脱落但不发生水疱,蹄部有蹄叶炎变化,并常溃烂。解剖部分患病牛发现,肺泡和肺间质严重水肿,肺严重充血。脾脏轻微肿大,被膜下出血,淋巴结水肿,外观苍白。骨骼肌严重变性和坏死,肌间有清亮液体浸润,呈胶样外观。瘤胃有暗红色区,表面上皮形成空泡变性和死亡。真皮充血、出血和水肿。肌肉出血,肌间有浆液和胶冻样浸润。蹄冠出现红色或红丝,深层充血、出血。心内外膜、心肌、呼吸道和泌尿道粘膜小点状出血。选择60头患病牛进行隔离治疗,选择实施例2的药物组合物胶囊剂,按照3:100的比例混入传统饲料中进行正常饲喂,治疗7日,有效的为58头,有效率96.67%。体重在治疗期间增长10kg。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包括以下原料药材:桑叶、菊花、天花粉、葛根、寒水石、竹叶、鸭跖草、栀子、黄柏、白鲜皮、马尾连、金银花、青黛、紫花地丁、金果榄、金荞麦、拳参、大血藤、败酱草、白头翁、大青叶、马齿苋、四季青、南瓜蒂、白薇、伸筋草、密陀僧、铁苋菜和石上开花。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:桑叶15-25重量份、菊花10-20重量份、天花粉10-22重量份、葛根13-26重量份、寒水石10-20重量份、竹叶15-29重量份、鸭跖草10-21重量份、栀子10-24重量份、黄柏10-25重量份、白鲜皮12-24重量份、马尾连10-20重量份、金银花13-30重量份、青黛12-23重量份、紫花地丁10-28重量份、金果榄10-20重量份、金荞麦12-26重量份、拳参10-29重量份、大血藤10-20重量份、败酱草12-26重量份、白头翁10-20重量份、大青叶10-23重量份、马齿苋10-20重量份、四季青10-20重量份、南瓜蒂15-30重量份、白薇11-28重量份、伸筋草13-26重量份、密陀僧1-3重量份、铁苋菜12-27重量份和石上开花10-20重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:桑叶20重量份、菊花18重量份、天花粉17重量份、葛根22重量份、寒水石14重量份、竹叶19重量份、鸭跖草15重量份、栀子20重量份、黄柏15重量份、白鲜皮22重量份、马尾连15重量份、金银花20重量份、青黛20重量份、紫花地丁18重量份、金果榄16重量份、金荞麦16重量份、拳参19重量份、大血藤16重量份、败酱草19重量份、白头翁16重量份、大青叶14重量份、马齿苋16重量份、四季青16重量份、南瓜蒂20重量份、白薇18重量份、伸筋草26重量份、密陀僧2重量份、铁苋菜23重量份和石上开花15重量份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物还包括阳雀花根、萝藦、一点血和白鹇。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:桑叶15-25重量份、菊花10-20重量份、天花粉10-22重量份、葛根13-26重量份、寒水石10-20重量份、竹叶15-29重量份、鸭跖草10-21重量份、栀子10-24重量份、黄柏10-25重量份、白鲜皮12-24重量份、马尾连10-20重量份、金银花13-30重量份、青黛12-23重量份、紫花地丁10-28重量份、金果榄10-20重量份、金荞麦12-26重量份、拳参10-29重量份、大血藤10-20重量份、败酱草12-26重量份、白头翁10-20重量份、大青叶10-23重量份、马齿苋10-20重量份、四季青10-20重量份、南瓜蒂15-30重量份、白薇11-28重量份、伸筋草13-26重量份、密陀僧1-3重量份、铁苋菜12-27重量份、石上开花10-20重量份、阳雀花根10-30重量份、萝藦12-25重量份、一点血10-20重量份和白鹇13-25重量份。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:桑叶20重量份、菊花18重量份、天花粉17重量份、葛根22重量份、寒水石14重量份、竹叶19重量份、鸭跖草15重量份、栀子20重量份、黄柏15重量份、白鲜皮22重量份、马尾连15重量份、金银花20重量份、青黛20重量份、紫花地丁18重量份、金果榄16重量份、金荞麦16重量份、拳参19重量份、大血藤16重量份、败酱草19重量份、白头翁16重量份、大青叶14重量份、马齿苋16重量份、四季青16重量份、南瓜蒂20重量份、白薇18重量份、伸筋草26重量份、密陀僧2重量份、铁苋菜23重量份、石上开花15重量份、阳雀花根20重量份、萝藦18重量份、一点血5重量份和白鹇18重量份。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的剂型为注射剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.12~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.12μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为94%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量2~4倍的醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在10℃~15℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~50分钟,获得0.12~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.12μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为94%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料15g~30g,加入丙二醇20g~40g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~2.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌40~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的剂型为胶囊剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将桑叶、菊花、葛根、竹叶、栀子、黄柏、金银花和马齿苋按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3~5倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶2~4,搅拌60~80分钟,温度35℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃~70℃时相对密度为1.12~1.14的清膏;
第二步,将白鲜皮、拳参、金果榄和金荞麦按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3~6倍量醇浓度为85%~90%的乙醇回流提取2~4次,每次2~3小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃~70℃时相对密度为1.13~1.15的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3~5倍量水,煮沸4~6小时,过滤,浓缩至60℃~70℃时相对密度为1.12~1.14的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,2~5重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、3~20重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入100~150重量份醇浓度为80%~90%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,1~3重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
9.一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的剂型为注射剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.12~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.12μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为94%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量2~4倍的醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在10℃~15℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~50分钟,获得0.12~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.12μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为94%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料15g~30g,加入丙二醇20g~40g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~2.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌40~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
10.一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于治疗牛蓝舌病的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的剂型为胶囊剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将桑叶、菊花、葛根、竹叶、栀子、黄柏、金银花和马齿苋按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3~5倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶2~4,搅拌60~80分钟,温度35℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃~70℃时相对密度为1.12~1.14的清膏;
第二步,将白鲜皮、拳参、金果榄和金荞麦按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3~6倍量醇浓度为85%~90%的乙醇回流提取2~4次,每次2~3小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃~70℃时相对密度为1.13~1.15的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3~5倍量水,煮沸4~6小时,过滤,浓缩至60℃~70℃时相对密度为1.12~1.14的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,2~5重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、3~20重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入100~150重量份醇浓度为80%~90%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,1~3重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
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