CN104255898A - Preparation method of freshwater crayfish protein isolate - Google Patents
Preparation method of freshwater crayfish protein isolate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104255898A CN104255898A CN201410397791.6A CN201410397791A CN104255898A CN 104255898 A CN104255898 A CN 104255898A CN 201410397791 A CN201410397791 A CN 201410397791A CN 104255898 A CN104255898 A CN 104255898A
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- freshwater crayfish
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- albumen powder
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C29/00—Processing shellfish or bivalves, e.g. oysters, lobsters; Devices therefor, e.g. claw locks, claw crushers, grading devices; Processing lines
- A22C29/02—Processing shrimps, lobsters or the like ; Methods or machines for the shelling of shellfish
- A22C29/024—Opening, shelling or peeling shellfish
- A22C29/026—Mechanically peeling and shelling shrimps, prawns or other soft-shelled crustaceans
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/04—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from fish or other sea animals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of freshwater crayfish protein isolate. The extraction method comprises the following steps in order: (1) pretreatment of live freshwater crayfish; (2) preparation of freshwater crayfish protein powder; (3) defatting; (4) first-time alkali extraction; (5) second-time alkali extraction; (6) first-time separation; (7) acid precipitation; (8) second-time separation; (9) beating; (10) drying. The raw materials of the freshwater crayfish protein isolate are easily available, the preparation method is simple, and the protein isolate has good functional properties.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of isolated protein, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of freshwater crayfish protein isolate.
Background technology
Protein isolate, as the one of protein, has the due functional character of protein: as hydration comprises absorption and reservation, wettability, dilatancy, bonding, dispersiveness and the dissolubility etc. of water; If structural property is as the formation etc. of precipitation, gelatification, systematism and dough; The character of the aspect such as foaming, emulsification of protein is mainly contained as surface nature; As organoleptic properties, the turbidity that protein produces in food, color and luster, flavor combinations, chewiness, smooth sense etc.The functional character of isolated protein affects the organoleptic properties of food, and also to food and food composition, the physical characteristic in preparation, processing or storage plays a part main.Protein isolate has purposes widely in industry such as food, feed, chemical industry.
At present studying often to protein isolate is plant separation protein, as soybean protein isolate.The method mainly alkali extraction and acid precipitation that protein isolate extracts.Freshwater crayfish is the nutraceutical of a kind of low fat, high protein, and its protein content is higher than most fresh water seawater fishes and shrimps.The domestic research about freshwater crayfish shrimp protein isolate is also few.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the preparation method providing a kind of freshwater crayfish protein isolate, raw material is easy to get, and technique is simple, extracts the protein isolate obtained and has good function character.
Technical solution of the present invention is that the preparation method of this freshwater crayfish protein isolate comprises the following steps:
(1) fresh and alive lobster pretreatment: buy fresh and alive raw material freshwater crayfish, and freshwater crayfish is selected in time, the impurity of rejecting old shell shrimp, dead shrimp and being mixed with; Fresh freshwater crayfish after selecting is placed in the solution containing a small amount of salt and citric acid and soaks a period of time, make the dirt that it spues in enteraden and stomach, then the dirt on lobster surface is scrubbed clean; Be separated by freshwater crayfish head and the tail alive after cleaning, shrimp meat and shrimp shell are peeled off;
(2) preparation of freshwater crayfish albumen powder: shrimp meat is pulverized as meat slurry through refiner; Meat slurry be dried in 150 ~ 160 DEG C of swing roller driers moisture be 4% lobster do; Pulverizer is pulverized lobster and was done 60 mesh sieves, obtains freshwater crayfish albumen powder;
(3) degreasing: freshwater crayfish albumen powder drops in n-hexane with solid-to-liquid ratio 1g:10mL and carries out water-bath evaporation degreasing, and bath temperature is 60 DEG C, degreasing time 60min, residue drying at room temperature, pulverized 60 mesh sieves, and obtained degreasing shrimp albumen powder, degreasing shrimp albumen powder stores for future use in 4 DEG C;
(4) one times alkali is carried: be scattered in water by degreasing shrimp albumen powder, make the dispersion liquid of 10% w/v, regulate pH to 9.0-9.5 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25%, dispersion liquid 40 DEG C, 50r/min stirs 50-60min, be separated through vibratory sieve or filter cylinder, obtain extracting solution of protein and residue;
(5) secondary alkali is carried: residue alkali raised is scattered in water, make the dispersion liquid of 10% w/v, pH to 9.0-9.5 is regulated with the NaOH of mass concentration 25%, dispersion liquid 40 DEG C, 50r/min stirs 50-60min, be separated through vibratory sieve or filter cylinder, obtain extracting solution of protein and residue;
(6) first separation a: alkali is carried the extracting solution of protein raised with secondary alkali and closes centrifuge in 900 × g, 4 DEG C, centrifugal 25min, retain supernatant;
(7) acid precipitates: by the edible salt acid for adjusting pH of 6 mol/L of the supernatant after first separation to 3.0-3.6, leave standstill 20min, obtain oarse-grained sediment;
(8) secondary separation: sediment acid precipitated with centrifuge in 9000 × g, 4 DEG C, centrifugal 10min, abandoning supernatant, and with 50 DEG C of warm water washing sediments, obtain curd protein sediment;
(9) pull an oar: added water by curd protein sediment and beat or grind to form the homogeneous slurry of protein concentration 12 ~ 20%, adjust back pH to 6.5 ~ 7.0 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25% therebetween, mixing speed is 85r/min;
(10) dry: to be adopted by slurries spray drying process to carry out drying, obtain freshwater crayfish protein isolate; Spray drying condition is: EAT 160 ~ 170 DEG C, tower body temperature 95 ~ 100 DEG C, temperature of outgoing air 85 ~ 90 DEG C.
Advantage of the present invention is: 1, successfully prepared freshwater crayfish protein isolate, expands the range of application of lobster; 2, preparation method is easy to operation, and cost is low, and yield is high; 3, the functional character of lobster protein isolate is superior, can be developed as food ingredient and be applied in various food.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, these embodiments can not be interpreted as it is restriction to technical scheme.
Embodiment 1: prepare freshwater crayfish protein isolate according to following steps
(1) fresh and alive lobster pretreatment: buy fresh and alive raw material freshwater crayfish, and freshwater crayfish is selected in time, the impurity of rejecting old shell shrimp, dead shrimp and being mixed with; Fresh freshwater crayfish after selecting is placed in the solution containing a small amount of salt and citric acid and soaks a period of time, make the dirt that it spues in enteraden and stomach, then the dirt on lobster surface is scrubbed clean; Be separated by freshwater crayfish head and the tail alive after cleaning, shrimp meat and shrimp shell are peeled off;
(2) preparation of freshwater crayfish albumen powder: shrimp meat is pulverized as meat slurry through refiner; Meat slurry be dried in 150 DEG C of swing roller driers moisture be 4% lobster do; Pulverizer is pulverized lobster and was done 60 mesh sieves, obtains freshwater crayfish albumen powder; Lobster albumen powder consists of 64% protein, 19% fat, 13% ash content and 4% moisture by analysis;
(3) degreasing: freshwater crayfish albumen powder drops in n-hexane with solid-to-liquid ratio 1g:10mL and carries out water-bath evaporation degreasing, and bath temperature is 60 DEG C, degreasing time 60min, residue drying at room temperature, pulverized 60 mesh sieves, and obtained degreasing shrimp albumen powder, degreasing shrimp albumen powder stores for future use in 4 DEG C;
(4) one times alkali is carried: be scattered in water by degreasing shrimp albumen powder, make the dispersion liquid of 10% w/v, regulate pH to 9.0 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25%, dispersion liquid 40 DEG C, 50r/min stirs 50min, be separated through vibratory sieve or filter cylinder, obtain extracting solution of protein and residue;
(5) secondary alkali is carried: residue alkali raised is scattered in water, make the dispersion liquid of 10% w/v, regulate pH to 9.0 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25%, dispersion liquid 40 DEG C, 50r/min stirs 50min, be separated through vibratory sieve or filter cylinder, obtain extracting solution of protein and residue;
(6) first separation a: alkali is carried the extracting solution of protein raised with secondary alkali and closes centrifuge in 900 × g, 4 DEG C, centrifugal 25min, retain supernatant;
(7) acid precipitation: by the edible salt acid for adjusting pH to 3.0 of the supernatant after first separation with 6 mol/L, leaves standstill 20min, obtains oarse-grained sediment;
(8) secondary separation: sediment acid precipitated with centrifuge in 9000 × g, 4 DEG C, centrifugal 10min, abandoning supernatant, and with 50 DEG C of warm water washing sediments, obtain curd protein sediment;
(9) pull an oar: added water by curd protein sediment and beat or grind to form the homogeneous slurry of protein concentration 12%, adjust back pH to 6.5 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25% therebetween, mixing speed is 85r/min;
(10) dry: to be adopted by slurries spray drying process to carry out drying, obtain freshwater crayfish protein isolate; Spray drying condition is: EAT 160 DEG C, tower body temperature 95 DEG C, temperature of outgoing air 85 DEG C.
Embodiment 2: prepare freshwater crayfish protein isolate according to following steps
(1) fresh and alive lobster pretreatment: buy fresh and alive raw material freshwater crayfish, and freshwater crayfish is selected in time, the impurity of rejecting old shell shrimp, dead shrimp and being mixed with; Fresh freshwater crayfish after selecting is placed in the solution containing a small amount of salt and citric acid and soaks a period of time, make the dirt that it spues in enteraden and stomach, then the dirt on lobster surface is scrubbed clean; Be separated by freshwater crayfish head and the tail alive after cleaning, shrimp meat and shrimp shell are peeled off;
(2) preparation of freshwater crayfish albumen powder: shrimp meat is pulverized as meat slurry through refiner; Meat slurry be dried in 155 DEG C of swing roller driers moisture be 4% lobster do; Pulverizer is pulverized lobster and was done 60 mesh sieves, obtains freshwater crayfish albumen powder; Lobster albumen powder consists of 64% protein, 19% fat, 13% ash content and 4% moisture by analysis;
(3) degreasing: freshwater crayfish albumen powder drops in n-hexane with solid-to-liquid ratio 1g:10mL and carries out water-bath evaporation degreasing, and bath temperature is 60 DEG C, degreasing time 60min, residue drying at room temperature, pulverized 60 mesh sieves, and obtained degreasing shrimp albumen powder, degreasing shrimp albumen powder stores for future use in 4 DEG C;
(4) one times alkali is carried: be scattered in water by degreasing shrimp albumen powder, make the dispersion liquid of 10% w/v, regulate pH to 9.25 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25%, dispersion liquid 40 DEG C, 50r/min stirs 55min, be separated through vibratory sieve or filter cylinder, obtain extracting solution of protein and residue;
(5) secondary alkali is carried: residue alkali raised is scattered in water, make the dispersion liquid of 10% w/v, regulate pH to 9.25 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25%, dispersion liquid 40 DEG C, 50r/min stirs 55min, be separated through vibratory sieve or filter cylinder, obtain extracting solution of protein and residue;
(6) first separation a: alkali is carried the extracting solution of protein raised with secondary alkali and closes centrifuge in 900 × g, 4 DEG C, centrifugal 25min, retain supernatant;
(7) acid precipitation: by the edible salt acid for adjusting pH to 3.3 of the supernatant after first separation with 6 mol/L, leaves standstill 20min, obtains oarse-grained sediment;
(8) secondary separation: sediment acid precipitated with centrifuge in 9000 × g, 4 DEG C, centrifugal 10min, abandoning supernatant, and with 50 DEG C of warm water washing sediments, obtain curd protein sediment;
(9) pull an oar: added water by curd protein sediment and beat or grind to form the homogeneous slurry of protein concentration 16%, adjust back pH to 6.75 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25% therebetween, mixing speed is 85r/min;
(10) dry: to be adopted by slurries spray drying process to carry out drying, obtain freshwater crayfish protein isolate; Spray drying condition is: EAT 165 DEG C, and tower body temperature is 97.5 DEG C, temperature of outgoing air 87.5 DEG C.
Embodiment 3: prepare freshwater crayfish protein isolate according to following steps
(1) fresh and alive lobster pretreatment: buy fresh and alive raw material freshwater crayfish, and freshwater crayfish is selected in time, the impurity of rejecting old shell shrimp, dead shrimp and being mixed with; Fresh freshwater crayfish after selecting is placed in the solution containing a small amount of salt and citric acid and soaks a period of time, make the dirt that it spues in enteraden and stomach, then the dirt on lobster surface is scrubbed clean; Be separated by freshwater crayfish head and the tail alive after cleaning, shrimp meat and shrimp shell are peeled off;
(2) preparation of freshwater crayfish albumen powder: shrimp meat is pulverized as meat slurry through refiner; Meat slurry be dried in 160 DEG C of swing roller driers moisture be 4% lobster do; Pulverizer is pulverized lobster and was done 60 mesh sieves, obtains freshwater crayfish albumen powder; Lobster albumen powder consists of 64% protein, 19% fat, 13% ash content and 4% moisture by analysis;
(3) degreasing: freshwater crayfish albumen powder drops in n-hexane with solid-to-liquid ratio 1g:10mL and carries out water-bath evaporation degreasing, and bath temperature is 60 DEG C, degreasing time 60min, residue drying at room temperature, pulverized 60 mesh sieves, and obtained degreasing shrimp albumen powder, degreasing shrimp albumen powder stores for future use in 4 DEG C;
(4) one times alkali is carried: be scattered in water by degreasing shrimp albumen powder, make the dispersion liquid of 10% w/v, regulate pH to 9.5 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25%, dispersion liquid 40 DEG C, 50r/min stirs 60min, be separated through vibratory sieve or filter cylinder, obtain extracting solution of protein and residue;
(5) secondary alkali is carried: residue alkali raised is scattered in water, make the dispersion liquid of 10% w/v, regulate pH to 9.5 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25%, dispersion liquid 40 DEG C, 50r/min stirs 60min, be separated through vibratory sieve or filter cylinder, obtain extracting solution of protein and residue;
(6) first separation a: alkali is carried the extracting solution of protein raised with secondary alkali and closes centrifuge in 900 × g, 4 DEG C, centrifugal 25min, retain supernatant;
(7) acid precipitation: by the edible salt acid for adjusting pH to 3.6 of the supernatant after first separation with 6 mol/L, leaves standstill 20min, obtains oarse-grained sediment;
(8) secondary separation: sediment acid precipitated with centrifuge in 9000 × g, 4 DEG C, centrifugal 10min, abandoning supernatant, and with 50 DEG C of warm water washing sediments, obtain curd protein sediment;
(9) pull an oar: added water by curd protein sediment and beat or grind to form the homogeneous slurry of protein concentration 20%, adjust back pH to 7.0 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25% therebetween, mixing speed is 85r/min;
(10) dry: to be adopted by slurries spray drying process to carry out drying, obtain freshwater crayfish protein isolate; Spray drying condition is: EAT 170 DEG C, and tower body temperature is 100 DEG C, temperature of outgoing air 90 DEG C.
The freshwater crayfish protein isolate of embodiment 1-3 gained and the chemical composition of freshwater crayfish meat are as following table.
The chemical composition of freshwater crayfish meat and protein isolate
| Composition | Moisture (%) | Ash content (%) | Protein (%) | Fat (%) |
| Lobster | 7.74 | 13.53 | 64.76 | 9.0 |
| Freshwater crayfish protein isolate | 4.55± 0.12 | 3.88±0.22 | 90.45±2.10 | 0.97±0.04 |
The functional character of the freshwater crayfish protein isolate of embodiment 1-3 gained is as follows: retention ability is 62.8%, and solubility is 65.4%, and foaming characteristic is 38%, and foaming stability is 78.9%, and emulsifiability is 50.0%, and emulsion stability is 66.4%.
Claims (1)
1. the preparation method of freshwater crayfish protein isolate, is characterized in that this preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) fresh and alive lobster pretreatment: buy fresh and alive raw material freshwater crayfish, and freshwater crayfish is selected in time, the impurity of rejecting old shell shrimp, dead shrimp and being mixed with; Fresh freshwater crayfish after selecting is placed in the solution containing a small amount of salt and citric acid and soaks a period of time, make the dirt that it spues in enteraden and stomach, then the dirt on lobster surface is scrubbed clean; Be separated by freshwater crayfish head and the tail alive after cleaning, shrimp meat and shrimp shell are peeled off;
(2) preparation of freshwater crayfish albumen powder: shrimp meat is pulverized as meat slurry through refiner; Meat slurry be dried in 150 ~ 160 DEG C of swing roller driers moisture be 4% lobster do; Pulverizer is pulverized lobster and was done 60 mesh sieves, obtains freshwater crayfish albumen powder;
(3) degreasing: freshwater crayfish albumen powder drops in n-hexane with solid-to-liquid ratio 1g:10mL and carries out water-bath evaporation degreasing, and bath temperature is 60 DEG C, degreasing time 60min, residue drying at room temperature, pulverized 60 mesh sieves, and obtained degreasing shrimp albumen powder, degreasing shrimp albumen powder stores for future use in 4 DEG C;
(4) one times alkali is carried: be scattered in water by degreasing shrimp albumen powder, make the dispersion liquid of 10% w/v, regulate pH to 9.0-9.5 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25%, dispersion liquid 40 DEG C, 50r/min stirs 50-60min, be separated through vibratory sieve or filter cylinder, obtain extracting solution of protein and residue;
(5) secondary alkali is carried: residue alkali raised is scattered in water, make the dispersion liquid of 10% w/v, pH to 9.0-9.5 is regulated with the NaOH of mass concentration 25%, dispersion liquid 40 DEG C, 50r/min stirs 50-60min, be separated through vibratory sieve or filter cylinder, obtain extracting solution of protein and residue;
(6) first separation a: alkali is carried the extracting solution of protein raised with secondary alkali and closes centrifuge in 900 × g, 4 DEG C, centrifugal 25min, retain supernatant;
(7) acid precipitates: by the edible salt acid for adjusting pH of 6 mol/L of the supernatant after first separation to 3.0-3.6, leave standstill 20min, obtain oarse-grained sediment;
(8) secondary separation: sediment acid precipitated with centrifuge in 9000 × g, 4 DEG C, centrifugal 10min, abandoning supernatant, and with 50 DEG C of warm water washing sediments, obtain curd protein sediment;
(9) pull an oar: added water by curd protein sediment and beat or grind to form the homogeneous slurry of protein concentration 12 ~ 20%, adjust back pH to 6.5 ~ 7.0 with the NaOH of mass concentration 25% therebetween, mixing speed is 85r/min;
(10) dry: to be adopted by slurries spray drying process to carry out drying, obtain freshwater crayfish protein isolate; Spray drying condition is: EAT 160 ~ 170 DEG C, tower body temperature 95 ~ 100 DEG C, temperature of outgoing air 85 ~ 90 DEG C.
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| CN114854811A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-08-05 | 武汉东方天琪生物工程有限公司 | Specific polypeptide prepared from food-derived material processing by-product by protease method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104255898B (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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