CN104255624A - 鳖鱼混养的新技术 - Google Patents
鳖鱼混养的新技术 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种鳖鱼混养新技术，特征是：池塘的设计：池高1～1.2米，池坡比2：2.5,池堤用水泥瓦埋深30厘米,高出地面50厘米,作为防逃墙,晒背台为浮排式,投喂台在池坡距水面20厘米,池坡有30厘米,厚细沙,池底有60厘米厚细沙。用生石灰按每亩用160公斤兑水对池塘消毒，高猛酸钾6毫克/升水浓度及洒水体消毒；放养鱼的时间为3月初，放养鳖时间为3月底，鱼体和鳖体用0.5%盐水浸泡消毒。防汛逃墙顶栅为“︹”字形。动物性饲料与植物性饲料比为7：3。在同样的鳖池养鱼，提高产量，提高鳖塘利用率，改善水质环境，控制鱼病发生。鳖鱼混养养殖效益比年单养增收20%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于养殖业领域，尤其是一种鳖鱼混养的新技术。
背景技术
鳖鱼混养虽以养鳖为主，但水体空间大，水资源和场地没有充分利用，没有产生更大效益，科学养殖，根据鱼种生活食性和鳖的生长特征配比混养是本发明的最大创新点。鳙鱼之食浮游生物，而池塘浮游生物是池塘主要耗氧因素之一，加州鲈鱼属中层鱼类，可控制水中小杂鱼繁生，鲫鱼是利用池塘底栖生物和有机碎屑为主，鲫鱼 溶解氧含量高，可有调节水质作用，而鳖和底层鱼类在池底的活动翻动起的底泥又可增加池塘的肥度，鲢鱼可起到辅助调节水质作用和清除浮游生物在水面形成的污垢，草鱼食草为主，可免除敌害栖生。因此，鳖塘养鱼是增效增产增收的一大好模式。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种鳖鱼混养，保塘肥塘，鳖大鱼肥，增效、增产、增收的一种鳖鱼混养的新技术。
本发明的技术解决方案是这样的，
本发明与现有技术相比的优点是比：在同样的鳖池鳖养鱼，提高产量，提高鳖塘利用率，在同样的鳖塘中，混养养殖成活率比年养提高产量5%以上，改善水质环境，控制鱼病发生。鳖鱼混养养殖效益比年单养增收20%以上。
具体实施方式
下面根据鳖鱼的生长特性逐一清楚完整地表述具体实施方案。
实施例1
(1)池塘的选择：选择沙土结构的池塘底质的池塘，广西北海、防城港、钦州、东兴等地沿海 选建最好，池堤牢固、池深2米，池塘比为1：5，排放方便，水质好，通水、通电方便，交通方便的同时，选坡度塘比1～2；防热墙远离水面60厘米，墙高60厘米，有防逃檐；晒背台做成木板式，离水面10厘米距离，投喂料台在池塘边有坡度的光照充足的地方，投喂台离池塘边20厘米距离；池塘底有0.6粒径的细沙；池塘消毒用生石灰，按1～10%比例泡水喷池底泥消毒，这应在晒塘、清塘阶段进行。
(2) 鳖鱼混配量选择每亩按:
品种 规格 数量
鳖苗 260克/只 800只
鲈鱼 50克/尾 120尾
鲫鱼 60克/尾 220尾
罗非鱼 30克/尾 120尾
鳙鱼 120克/尾 220尾
锂鱼 120克/尾 60尾
草鱼 220克/尾 30尾
(3)、鳖鱼混养的放养时间，在2月～5月期间放养，放养前应进行表体消毒，在放养鳖的投料台上放上鳖种，同时撒上饲料诱食，之后由鳖自然爬行回池塘中。
(4)、养殖管理：
①投喂饲料：鱼类放养后主要依靠池中的天然饲料，只在高温季节根据情况适当投喂一些饲料，而鳖则可投喂成鳖饲料。初次投喂数量不可过多，如全部吃光可增加投喂量，以后应根据饲料被吃掉的数量灵活控制投喂量。几天之后，鳖就会养成到饲料台摄食的习惯。有些养殖户将一些死猪、死动物内脏直接投到池里喂鳖，这是不可取的，因为鳖在人工饲畏的情况下是不会吃这些死动物的，相反倒会败坏水质，即使要喂也应加工后与其他饲料混合做成颗粒饲料后再投喂。
②调节水质：由于混养池中鱼类的放养量并不多，加之投喂较少，一般不会出现较大的水质问题。但遇高温季节或连续阴雨天，应注意适当换水。
③巡塘：是保证池塘设施安全和掌握养殖情况的重要生产环节。巡塘时间一般在早上和傍晚，巡塘的内容包括观察鳖和鱼的摄食情况与活动情况、池塘水质变化情况、池塘设施完好情况等。巡塘时要特别注意防逃墙底部是否出现洞穴和进、出水口拦栅是否有损坏，如发现应及时修复。每次巡塘后应做好巡塘记录。
(5)、捕捞：可用拉网清底法，将捕鱼和捕鳖工作同时进行。具体捕捞方法：先把池水放至1米深，再把饲料台和晒背台拆除，置于仓库保管。然后用网线粗为4×4、网目大小为3～4厘米的大拉网先拉几网，将大部分中上层鱼和部分鳖捕起。此时操作人员除起网场地外，不可到池中间去踩。拉网后池塘静置1天，再将水位放在40厘米，再用上法拉几网，可将剩余部分中95%的鱼和部分鳖捕起。最后将池水放干，捞出剩余的底层鱼，再组织人员在池底摸捕鳖。这种方法的优点是捕捞较为彻底，而且不会损伤鳖体，但工作量劳动强度相对较大。
(6)、疾病的防治：西药：三氯异氢尿酸、氧化钙、二氧化氯、氯化钠、碘伏、硫醚沙星、高猛酸钾、硫酸铜、敌百虫、病毒灵、利福平、利巴韦林、高铁酸锶、庆大霉素、氧氟沙星、土霉素。中草药有：黄连、大黄、白芍、牡丹皮、黄柏、黄芩、黄芪、五倍子、甘草、七叶一枝节花、板兰根、刺五加、金银花、连翘、山楂、马齿苋、芥菜、地锦草、鱼腥草、穿心莲、蒲公英、铁苋菜、仙鹤草。生物制剂如EM菌。
(7)、：疾病的防治：a、真菌性腐皮病，每立方米水体用30克高猛酸钾兑水泼洒到池塘中，之后可用艾叶10质量份、石昌蒲10质量份、五倍子40质量份、羊蹄跟20质量份、乌梅20质量份煎汁洗洒一日一次，连用3天。b、细菌性腐皮病，水体消毒用每立方米3克利福平兑水消毒，之后用五倍子40质量份、三七20质量份、甘草30质量份、大黄3质量份、黄柏20质量份，按每立方米水体兑40克煎汁泼洒连用3天，一天2次。C、红白底板病：一是用中草药、黄芪、甘草、铁苋菜、马齿苋、金银花煎汁泼洒到水中；二是移塘分养；三是添加鲜活饲料。d、鳃状组织坏死症：用二氧化氯对水体消毒，用头孢拉定与庆大霉素按1：1拌入饲料中，饲喂一周后用中草药甘草20质量份、甘草20质量份、三七30质量份、黄芩30质量份、柴胡30质量份、鱼腥草30质量份按饲料量的3%混和饲喂。e、绿毛病：按每立方水用高猛酸钾20克兑水泼洒三天之后用硫酸铜2克，硫酸亚铁5克兑水泼洒。F、小虫至病：用生石灰，高猛酸钾按6毫克/升兑水泼洒，或用诱捕办法捕杀。
Claims (3)
1.一种鳖鱼混养新技术，其特征在于：
1）鳖鱼混养品种搭配选择，每亩按：
品种： 规格 数量
鳖苗 260克/只 800只
鲈鱼 50克/尾 120尾
鲫鱼 60克/尾 220尾
罗非鱼 30克/尾 120尾
鳙鱼 120克/尾 220尾
锂鱼 120克/尾 60尾
草鱼 220克/尾 30尾
2）控制池塘底质有毒物质质量标淮
顶目 指标（毫克/千克）
总汞 ≤0.3
镉 ≤0.6
铜 ≤0.5
锌 ≤160
铝 ≤60
铬 ≤60
砷 ≤30
3)池塘的设计：池高1～1.2米，池坡比2：2.5,池堤用水泥瓦埋深30厘米,高出地面50厘米,作为防逃墙,晒背台为浮排式,投喂台在池坡距水面20厘米, 池坡有30厘米,厚细沙,池底有60厘米厚细沙；
4）用生石灰按每亩用160公斤兑水对池塘消毒，高猛酸钾6毫克/升水浓度及泼洒水体消毒；
5）放养鱼的时间为3月初，放养鳖时间为3月底，鱼体和鳖体用0.5%盐水浸泡消毒；
6）饲料：鳖苗的饲料粗蛋白高于45% ；
7）鱼料60质量份、啤酒酵母6质量份、淀粉20质量份、骨粉3质量份、粘合粉1质量份、肉类20质量份、微量元素1质量份，成年鳖饲料：鱼料60质量份、蚕蛹粉3质量份、啤酒酵母6质量份、粘合粉1质量份、淀粉20质量份、豆粕3质量份、骨粉5质量份、肉类30质量份、微量元素1质量份、鱼油2质量份。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种鳖鱼混养新技术，其特征在于防汛逃墙顶栅为“︹”字形。
3.按照权利要求1所述的一种鳖鱼混养新技术，其特征在于动物性饲料与植物性饲料比为7：3。
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