CN104254678B

CN104254678B - High pressure spark ignition and layered device for internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CN104254678B
Application number: CN201380008361.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: V·拉比
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-02-06
Filing date: 2013-02-05
Publication date: 2017-10-24
Anticipated expiration: 2033-02-05
Also published as: JP2017078426A; CN104254678A; IN2014DN07318A; FR2986564A1; KR20160103149A; KR20140133567A; AU2013217440A1; WO2013117857A2; KR20160104078A; CN106401773A; WO2013117857A3; EP2812547A2; CA2863474A1; JP6083615B2; FR2986564B1; CN106368838A; JP2015521243A; JP2017078427A

Abstract

According to the present invention, high pressure spark ignition and layered device (2) for internal combustion engine (1) include：It is layered valve (20), it closes the layered catheter (23) for leading to layering precombustion chamber (79), the conduit also leads to be layered room (24), the layering room is connected to the combustion chamber (S) of internal combustion engine (1) by being layered injection catheter (39), the opening of the conduit is close to the projection electrode (26) of spark plug (25), and the electrode is placed in the combustion chamber；Actuator (27) is layered, it is responsible for lifting layering valve (20)；Pipeline (28) is layered, it will be layered the outlet that precombustion chamber (79) is connected to compressed in layers machine (21)；Layered fuel injector (33)；Device (40) for recycling the exhaust pre-cooled.

Description

High pressure spark ignition and layered device for internal combustion engine

Technical field

The present invention relates to the high pressure spark ignition of reciprocating internal combustion engine and layered device, the inflation of wherein high dilution is used It is known as " the exhaust that the device recycling of the EGR " devices of outside cooling is pre-cooled.

Background technology

The thermodynamic efficiency of reciprocating internal combustion heat engine depends on many factors, including, first, duration of burning and fixed Phase, the burning is intended to regather the temperature of gas in a combustion chamber after raising is compressed；Second, connect with the engine inner wall The loss of the tactile gas；And the 3rd, the expansion rate of the gas, the expansion allows the gas to the engine Piston apply thrust, so as to which the discharged heat energy of the burning is changed into mechanical work.

However, can be used for heat engine at it to the positive work produced by the thrust of the piston when it expands by the gas Output shaft before, just partly lose.This be due to by the mechanical friction between the engine part, and pass through driving The annex and auxiliary equipment of the engine, the gas is pumped and transmits in the various air induction conduits and exhausting loop of heat engine Caused by produced negative work or the work of resistance.

Therefore, for the fuel of the specified rate consumed, the efficiency of reciprocating internal combustion heat engine is with by gas compression-expansion Circulate the increase of the positive work done to the piston of the engine and improve, and produced as the gas passes in and out the engine Raw negative work or the work of resistance and reduce while as the work(produced by the mechanical device and its annex of the engine and improve.

In order to as efficiently as possible by the thermal transition for release of burning into mechanical work, it may be desirable to lived close to the engine The top dead centre of plug, that is to say, that hold the fuel air mixture that conflagration is incorporated into the cylinder of heat engine waiting.As long as gas Temperature, which is not up to the high heat exchange caused between the gas and the inwall of engine chamber, becomes excessive level, on State and remain as very.As long as the barometric gradient produced by burning does not result in excessive noise and not caused by detonation, it is also still It is so true.

Detonation is that spontaneous gas burning after a certain period occurs under the combined effect of pressure and temperature, and is produced Very big pressure wave, the insulating air layer of the wall surface is covered in especially by separation, and the pressure wave also tends to increase Plus the heat exchange between the gas and the wall.Therefore detonation be undesirable phenomenon, reduce the efficiency of heat engine, also because Heating power and mechanical overload and tend to damage engine internals.

Start in the combustion chamber of reciprocating internal combustion heat engine among the main method of burning, can be to spark ignition, injection The fuel spontaneous combustion and compression ignition of front end make a distinction, and wherein fuel spontaneous combustion is the characteristic of Diesel engine, and compression ignition makes To abbreviation CAI (being used for controlled-auto-ignition) or the known methods of HCCI (being used to be homogenized charge compression-ignition).

The burn rate of controlled-ignition engine is depended primarily on fires in the air for being introduced in the engine chamber The air-fuel ratio in mixture and the content of residual combustion gas are expected, depending on must quilt in order to burn all mixtures The distance of flame covering, and depending on the microturbulence in the mixture, flame propagation velocity is with the turbulent flow about into just Than.

In diesel cycle, burn rate is mainly by the jet quality and the hexadecane of the diesel fuel of diesel fuel Value is determined.In CAI or HCCI, compression ratio, the content of the initial temperature of fuel air mixture and burning gases, used The characteristic of fuel and the homogeney of inflation be all to determine the startup of burning and the factor of speed.No matter start the method for burning, The speed of the burning determines exergonic speed, and it is generally expressed as the rotation of the bent axle between burning beginning and end Degree, it then follows the curve of the running summary of the points scored of the fuel of burning is shown according to crank shaft angle position, once once.

No matter the combustion mode of reciprocating internal combustion heat engine, actually when the heat exchange between hot gas and the engine inner wall When minimum, its efficiency is always higher.

If should should, it is noted that there is the small temperature difference between the gas and the wall, if there is a small amount of or In the absence of the turbulent convection of Power Exchange described above is increased, wherein the Power Exchange is by simple heat transfer and radiation institute Cause, and if the mass per volume of the gas is low, then the heat exchange is reduced.

To reduce the temperature difference between hot gas and the inwall of reciprocating internal combustion heat engine, the temperature of the wall can be improved, and/or can Reduce the temperature of the gas.Reached rapidly however, both are arranged in the efficiency for improving controlled-ignition reciprocating internal combustion heat engine To its limit.

Because the temperature of the Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber of increase reciprocating internal combustion heat engine has the shortcomings that to reduce its filling capacity： Obtain the cold air contacted with the hot wall or admixture of gas expands immediately, so as to reduce the engine in the charging stage Volume efficiency, therefore reduce its whole efficiency.In addition, the cold air or admixture of gas that overheat by this method to start Machine is easier to detonation, and it must be made up by providing relatively low compression ratio/expansion ratio, and/or offer late ignition, although this Two kinds are arranged the efficiency for also reducing the engine.To improve the temperature of Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber, various tests were carried out, such as So-called " thermal insulation " engine with ceramic-lined chamber and cylinder of Toyota manufactures.The engine in terms of efficiency with regard to carrying Very limited amount of advantage is supplied, it should be noted that because after all, compared with other engines, unduly high wall temperature often increases Add the heat loss of the gas on the wall, and in other engines, cooler wall is to covering all reciprocating internal combustion heat The maintenance of the heat-insulated thin layer of air of machine inwall and effect are advantageously.For these reasons, " thermal insulation " engine does not develop super More experimental stage.

As improve Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber temperature alternative form, can by using addition air or can with or can not be pre- The exhaust first cooled down is by gas dilution to reduce its temperature, and these exhausts are obtained by previous circulation or repeatedly circulation.Pass through The fuel-air inflation being introduced in reciprocating internal combustion heat engine combustion chamber, Neng Gouzeng are diluted using the gas of burning is had neither part nor lot in Plus total thermal capacitance of the inflation, to reduce the mean temperature of the given energy by the burning release.

In addition, no matter used diluent gas, it contributes to the thermal transition for release of burning into mechanical work.However, In the case of controlled spark ignition engine, the flame propagation in fuel or oxygen poor mixture excessively it is either too slow otherwise be can not Can.Because burning is developed to undue degree in non-etc. hold, this causes thermodynamic efficiency to reduce, and highly unstable burning And loss of ignition.

The inflation in the cylinder of controlled-ignition reciprocating internal combustion heat engine is introduced into for dilution, without too by last institute The influence of shortcoming is proposed, is existed the alternative approach of the inflation layering；That is, creating with the engine ignition point Centered on flammable fuel air mixture airbag, wherein the airbag is surround by weak mixture, with the poor mixing The still most of flammable ratio of thing, makes weak mixture's high dilution with cold air and/or exhaust.

It is worth noting that, the gas motion in the engine combustion room forms the airbag, the motion is special It is the geometry by the engine charge conduit and the locular wall, and by being directly injected to the indoor fuel The power and shape of jet cause.

This method for being referred to as " layer inflation " method, is usually required that and is sprayed using direct fuel, and causes igniting Point around inflation rich oil, remaining area inflation it is oil-poor and inflate all along it is oxygen-enriched, so as to draw in Modern Engine Various problems are played, in particular according to disposal of pollutants regulations.

Because the inflation being layered by this way must include enough oxygen, to ensure one around ignition point The good startup of the burning of partial inflation, and remainder around the ignition point including oil-poor region must be comprising enough Oxygen, with ensure through whole engine combustion building volume the burning and its propagation good development.

Excessive oxygen makes to turn into impossible by three-way catalyst reduction oxynitrides, and wherein excessive oxygen is according to existing There is the feature of the operation of the stratified charge engine of technology, three-way catalyst is generally used for after the exhaust of controlled-ignition engine Processing.

Stratified charge engine had not only been influenceed to make up this but also the engine of the excessive handling oxygen lean mixture of influence Problem, it is necessary to use the system post-processed in oxide isolation to oxynitrides the, (selection of such as NOx trap or SCR Property catalysis reduction), but the system is particularly expensive and sensitive to quality of fuel and sulfur content, and heavy.

It should be noted that with layer inflation about the problem of the delay including fuel direct injection, the wherein fuel It is to be formed needed for the rich oil airbag centered on ignition point, the injection of the delay causes to produce the micro- of a large amount of harm health Grain.

Another problem associated with layer inflation method is that its opereating specification is excessively limited under low load, therefore limitation Its effect in terms of the fuel consumption of currently used motor vehicles is reduced, particularly those have relative to its weight stingy The vehicle of the engine of cylinder capacity.

By providing the compression ignition of the inflation such as proposed in CAI and HCCI methods, rather than spark ignition, it can avoid It is related to the later problem post-processed in oxide isolation to oxynitrides.These ignition methods cause to be nearly free from nitrogen The low-temperature burning of oxygen compound, therefore without in the case of being post-processed to the oxide, can with excessive oxygen with/ Or the burning gases initially produced in previous circulation or repeatedly circulation enable inflation high dilution.Because it is not by fire Flower starts, so CAI or HCCI combustion avoid the constraint that the flame propagation from single ignition point is forced, as burnt Multiple spontaneous startups of point.However, CAI and HCCI is particularly quick to any change that can make its one or more parameter operated Sense, the parameter includes the initial temperature, its effective compression ratio being subjected to, the fuel mass being included in of such as inflation, and combustion Burn gas content.Because CAI or HCCI combustion are exceedingly fast, it also generates geopressure gradient, therefore produces beastly Sound emission.

In addition, such as layer inflation method, CAI and HCCI are operated only under relatively low load, therefore limit its reduction Effect of fuel consumption in currently used motor vehicles, particularly those hairs relative to its weight with small cylinder capacity The vehicle of motivation.

EGR methods known to (representing exhaust gas recirculatioon) those skilled in the art are used, to using layer inflation or tool The replacement for having the homogenizing lean mixture of excessive oxygen will replace the excessive oxygen being introduced into inflation.The problem of using EGR is, such as Cooling (internal EGR) is not used in fruit, then it increases the sensitiveness of heat engine detonation, and it adversely affects the efficiency of engine, If however, pre-cooling the EGR in heat exchanger (EGR of outside cooling), then the startup and propagation of flame become It is unordered and unstable.In all situations, it is difficult to combine EGR with layering, wherein oil-poor region will become unable to burning.

As mentioned, in the piston top dead center close to the engine, that is to say, that held with waiting, and had at wall body Minimum possible heat loss, it is preferably fast to the fuel air mixture that is incorporated into the cylinder of any reciprocating internal combustion heat engine Quick burning burns.

In the case of controlled-ignition engine, the conflagration of the inflation and the target phase inflated by gas dilution Conflict, wherein the gas has neither part nor lot in the burning of inflation, to reduce the heat loss on the engine inner wall, because the type gas Often reduce the flame transmission speed for largely containing the inflation.

To recover higher flame propagation velocity, the internal turbulence of fuel air mixture can be increased, but the turbulent flow Convective exchange must not excessively be increased, it expands the heat loss at wall body, therefore counteract desired inflation dilution effect.

Another method for recovering the spread speed can be to increase the density and enthalpy of inflation as target, in increase The compression ratio of heat engine is fired, the two factors of the density and enthalpy of inflation are all favourable to the spread speed.

However, this method is difficult to use in the engine with fixed compression ratio, provide obvious high in the engine Compression ratio can limit moment of torsion at low engine speeds, therefore add the average fuel consumption of motor vehicles.

On this point, the internal combustion engine with variable compression ratio has decisive advantage, i.e., when high dilution is introduced into it During inflation in cylinder, it is allowed to which its compression ratio increases in a controlled manner, especially, if started with described in partial inflation operation Machine, then allow described than reducing when compared with highly diluted and/or less dilution inflation.

Correspondingly, the variable compression engine allows by the burning of the inflation after exhaust high dilution, wherein exhaust tool There is low circulation variation coefficient, that is to say, that circulate and from a cylinder to another cylinder being recycled to another from one Burn rate difference is small.

It is pointed out, however, that at the top dead centre of the engine piston, high compression ratio is unfavorable for the grand of inflation Sight conversion of motion is microturbulence, and the microturbulence is conducive to the fast propagation of the flame in fuel air mixture.

To overcome this problem, it is possible to provide be referred to as the combustion chamber of " squeezing stream " type, the combustion chamber reaches its top dead centre in piston High turbulent flow is produced when nearby.

However, the problem of squeezing flow chamber is piston must to be brought to closely cylinder head, it is with the piston and institute The risk collided between cylinder head is stated, while only providing desired crowded stream effect near top dead center, that is to say, that relative to It is relatively slow at the time of the spark starting ignition of inflation.

Another of crowded flow chamber has the disadvantage that it has strongly facilitated the heat exchange between gas and Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber.

In view of the above circumstances, it is particularly advantageous that the chemistry meter that high dilution is carried out with the EGR of outside cooling can be provided The conflagration of inflation is measured, by this way, i.e., can be to pollution with three-way catalyst in the case of without any excess turbine Product is post-processed, wherein the turbine counteracts the reduction of heat loss at wall body, this is by being filled described in the EGR dilution The desired effect of gas.Equally it is particularly advantageous that in the opereating specification as extensive as possible of heat engine, arranging high dilution Stoichiometry inflation burning.

The content of the invention

According to the present invention and according to specific embodiment, to meet the purpose, overcome on internal combustion engine in the prior art The various above mentioned problems run into, and these engines can be used in the way of economic, cleaning and energy-conservation so that it is reciprocating The high pressure spark ignition and layered device of internal combustion engine carry the purpose that high dilution is inflated：

The airbag of the fuel air mixture of the stoichiometry with low EGR contents is created, the airbag forms so-called " pilot " inflation of small size and quality, it is still in the operation under high compression ratio as far as possible centered on ignition point Local turbulence, results from the most suitable moment of compression stage, is then lighted by the arc discharge between sparking-plug electrode.

It has following purpose：

In the extensive opereating specification of reciprocating internal combustion engine, the burning inflated using the pilot, which is provided, is referred to as " master Will " igniting and burning of the stoichiometry inflation of inflation, wherein air inlet and/or compression stage prepare in advance should " mainly " fill Gas, and the EGR of its outside cooling supplied by the exhaust draining provisions interacted with cooler carries out high dilution.

It has the following effects that：

Generation office at contact surface in being inflated around the pilot of ignition point between pilot inflation and main gas charge The high turbulent flow in portion, to promote wide flame front developing rapidly in the combustion chamber of three dimensions, while in the main gas charge Retain global moderate turbulent flow, to limit the convective heat exchange between the hot gas of the main gas charge and the inwall of the room；

And it has following result：

Allow the stoichiometry inflation burning with very high outside cooling EGR contents；

Promote quick, the regular burning that the stoichiometry close to isochor is inflated；

The high energy efficiency of the layer inflation used in excess air is benefited from, but is entered by using the EGR of outside cooling The mode of the stoichiometry inflation layering of row high dilution, to allow using simple triple mode catalytic converter to being produced by burning Raw pollutant is post-processed, therefore avoids setting using expensive, bulky NOx trap or SCR (SCR) It is standby；

The scope of operation load is greatly expanded into relatively high or very high load from lowest load, and greatly expanded Open up the actively impact to being layered efficiency；

The fuel consumption of all motor vehicles, including small-power vehicle and combined heat and electric power vehicle are substantially reduced, its In be referred to as " size reduction " such as cylinder capacity reduce or cylinder deactivation method have to engine performance it is less or Without actively impact, according to the present invention, the engine speed of optimal efficiency is being provided not by power operation is rearranged In load range, but by increasing efficiency in the almost all opereating specification of the engine, to realize the consumption Reduce；

High level is reduced size of engine reduces to the necessity for reducing the mean consumption of motor vehicles, described height Level reduces old of the production that size significantly increases the vehicle, especially because requiring there is high performance in such cases Supercharger systems；

Especially by the adverse effect for reducing the thermodynamic efficiency to the high surface/volume of engine chamber, Allow the engine of extremely low cylinder capacity of the production with high energy efficiency, wherein high surface/volume causes high heat loss, according to The present invention, due to being inflated described in the EGR high dilutions with outside cooling, so this can be by significantly reducing the flat of the engine Equal gas-filling temperature realizes that the dilution nature reduces the heat loss of the engine；

Engine can be made to operate to increase thermodynamic efficiency with high compression ratio, on the one hand, by quick-fried to main gas charge The high impedance of combustion, on the other hand, possibility is become by the high impedance that detonation is inflated to pilot, wherein main gas charge detonation be because Caused by EGR high dilutions with outside cooling, pilot inflation detonation is because it closes on ignition point and its consequential fast quick burning Caused by burning；

Having due to the EGR of outside cooling is introduced into cylinder on a large scale makes engine charge pressure increase Effect, and therefore for giving operating point, the butterfly valve of engine opens wider, and the pumping that engine is reduced naturally is damaged Lose, the natural reduction of the pumping loss reduces using variable elevation intake valve is used for reduce the complicated and high of the loss The necessity of expensive equipment；

Gasoline delayed injection is avoided in compression stage, this is the behaviour of the stratified charge engine operated in excess air Make characteristic, so as to avoid the extensive generation particulate during burning, and therefore avoid to costly and cumbersome particle mistake The use of filter, the filter is used to post-process the particulate；

Multiple spot gasoline injection system can be used to be layered inflation, wherein the injection of multiple spot gasoline, which is used as, is generally used for The direct petrol-injected of inflation layering is substituted, the increasingly complex costliness of spray pattern of the latter；

There is provided from the internal geometry constraint to combustion chamber and air induction conduit, and/or from because according to existing skill Art uses the constraint of the injector jet forced by layer inflation to location and shape, and the constraint is due to needing the offer can Combustion gas bag, wherein flammable airbag causes various air forces about centered on ignition point and in combustion chamber and air induction conduit Arrangement is learned, mainly according to term " wall body guiding ", " air guiding " and " spray-guided ", it is known that but by using according to this hair Bright ignition installation in fact eliminates these constraints, and the ignition installation is provided in the design of the room and the conduit Bigger freedom；

Allow to be layered inflation with the EGR of outside cooling in the engine of low single cylinder capacity, wherein, it is first First, small cylinder diameter and the poor compatibility directly sprayed are even incompatible, wherein direct eject request is in jetting stream point and combustion chamber Distance is minimum between wall body, secondly, for the enough benefits obtained from the advantage of the layer inflation operated using excessive oxygen For, currently used uniform charge may be too high, is excessively limited wherein being operated under low load, or wherein, again, relatively In the engine classification of expected vehicle, the overall manufacturing cost mistake of the layer inflation and associated equipment for after-treatment It is high；

Being rapidly heated for engine is provided, especially because the sky heated via the cooling water by the engine Gas water heat exchanger cools down EGR gas, and this is rapidly heated the lubricating oil viscosity that especially makes the engine and association rubs The reduction of mistake of wearing is possibly realized, and when motor vehicles are used for the short distance started with the cold start of the engine, this can cause Its relatively low fuel consumption, because the passenger compartment of the vehicle heats up quickly in the winter time, described be rapidly heated also has Improve the advantage of the occupant comfort of the vehicle；

The gasoline consumption that all motor vehicles are greatly reduced with limited cost and the CO2 emission associated.

It should be noted that can also be used for the non-stoichiometry operated by excessive oxygen according to the ignition installation of the present invention Engine in.

It should also be noted that may be used on according to the ignition installation of the present invention any with fixed or variable compression ratio And/or the reciprocating interior heat engine of cylinder capacity, but when the engine for being used to the equipment have at least one variable compression ratio When middle, it can provide more excellent operation, due to the remarkable efficiency under very high loads, and due to even in no outside cooling In the case of EGR, the unique ability of the high load is handled using temporary low compression ratio, so this kind of engine can be from High level, which reduces in size, is benefited, and also can be under low load and intermediate cycling load from the outside cooling EGR of high speed Be benefited, wherein under low load and intermediate cycling load, can be burnt by temporary high compression ratio.But being not excluded for any other should With according to the particularly suitable reciprocating internal combustion engine for being used to provide power for motor vehicles of the igniter of the present invention.

According to the present invention, high pressure spark ignition and layered device for internal combustion engine include：

At least one layering valve in combustion engine cylinder head is contained in, the valve passes through at least one spring and base Contact is kept, and the valve closes the first end of at least one layered catheter, and the first end leads to layering precombustion chamber, and Layering room is led at the second end that the conduit includes, and the latter is connected to the burning of internal combustion engine by least one layering injection catheter Room, the injection catheter leads to the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is close to the projection electrode being fixed in combustion engine cylinder head, institute Electrode is stated to be placed in the combustion chamber of the engine；

At least one the layering actuator controlled by the ECU computers of internal combustion engine, the actuator is responsible for lifting layering Valve leaves its base, keeps it to open, and returns it to its base；

Precombustion chamber will be layered and be connected at least one layering pipeline, the import of compressed in layers machine that compressed in layers machine is exported It is directly or indirectly connected to stratification of atmosphere air supplying duct, the supplying duct, the compressor and its import and outlet, institute State pipeline, the precombustion chamber and the layered catheter and combine the air supply circuit to form layering room, and described this figure of room Into the part in the loop；

At least one the layered fuel injector controlled by the ECU computers of internal combustion engine, the injector can divide At any point in the loop in the air supply circuit of floor room, or in layering injection catheter, or in the loop and described Fuel jet is produced in conduit；

At least one recycling controlled by the ECU computers of internal combustion engine pre-cools exhaust apparatus, and it is referred to as " outer EGR " the devices of portion's cooling, described device can release exhaust from the exhaust manifolds of the engine, and by least A kind of cooler is pre-cooled after the gas, then the gas is re-introduced into the air inlet side of the engine.

Layering valve base is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it has towards outside layering pre-burning room The front of portion's orientation so that layering actuator only can just lift the base by the mobile valve away from the precombustion chamber The valve.

Layering valve base is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it has towards layering precombustion chamber The base of internal approach so that layering actuator only can just lift the bottom by precombustion chamber described in the mobile valve proximity The valve of seat.

Layering actuator is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it is by fixed to cylinder of internal-combustion engine The coil composition of at least one wire of lid, the coil attracts magnetic core or blade when electric current flows through the coil so that institute A core or blade longitudinal translation layering valve are stated, its SMIS or blade pass through coil push-pull device at fixed connection layering valve.

Layering actuator is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it is piezoelectric laminated by least one Layer composition, when the layer be subjected to electric current by when, thickness changes so that it is described stacking longitudinal translation layering valve, wherein should Stack by stacking push-pull device at fixed connection layering valve.

Piezoelectric layer lamination is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it is connected by least one lever Layering valve is connected to, the displacement multiplication that the lever gives the lamination to the valve.

Layering actuator is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it including pneumatic layering by receiving Room and pneumatic layering receive the pneumatic layering activated cylinders composition of piston, and the piston is fixed to layering valve or passes through pneumatic work Plug push-pull device at fixed is connected to wherein, and the layering room can through laying by least one magnetic valve and pressure-air reserve room or Air communication, or connected with low-pressure air reserve room.

Layering actuator is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it is received by being layered including hydraulic pressure Room and hydraulic pressure layering receive the hydraulic pressure layering activated cylinders composition of piston, and the piston is fixed to layering valve or lived by hydraulic pressure Plug push-pull device at fixed is connected to the latter.

Hydraulic pressure is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention and is layered receiving chamber, hydraulic pressure layering receiving chamber By at least one high-pressure solenoid valve and/or at least one low-voltage solenoid valve, high-pressure and hydraulic control fluid reservoir or company may be connected to It is connected to low-pressure hydraulic control fluid reservoir.

Included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention voltage-controlled by the high pressure liquid of hydraulic control pump pressurization Fluid reservoir processed, the pump transmission controls the hydraulic fluid that fluid reservoir is released from low-pressure hydraulic so that the liquid can be transferred into institute State high-pressure and hydraulic control fluid reservoir.

Layered fuel injector is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it is connected to pressurization can The reserve room of combustion gas body.

Include the air for being used to be layered room of the circulator containing homogenizing according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention Supply circuit, the circulator is placed in any point in the loop, and by following the air or the mixture Ring assembles the air or admixture of gas that are included in the loop by the loop.

The air supply circuit for including being used to be layered room according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it includes For heating the gas of supply circuit to gas-heat exchanger, the exchanger is described by extracting heat, heating from the exhaust of internal combustion engine The air or admixture of gas included in loop, the air or admixture of gas and the exhaust are in situation about not mixing mutually It is lower to pass through the exchanger simultaneously.

The air supply circuit for including being used to be layered room according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it includes The air or admixture of gas included at least one resistance for heating supply circuit, loop described in the resistance heating.

Include the inner surface of the air supply circuit of layering room according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, its Insulated material covering completely or partially.

The air supply circuit for including being used to be layered room according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it includes For cooling down the air of supply circuit to cooling water heat exchanger, the exchanger passes through in the air or admixture of gas The heat-conducting liquid that heat transference is included to the cooling circuit of internal combustion engine, cools down air or gas mixing that the loop is included Thing.

Layering room is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it includes at least one tangent import And/or at least one outlet.

The air supply circuit for including being used to be layered room according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it includes Turbulence is given the admixture of gas moved in the loop by least one teeter chamber, the teeter chamber, or makes the gas Mixture is subjected to rapid pressure change.

Layering pipeline containing at least one dump valve, the row are included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention Go out under valve specified pressure dominant in the pipeline and open.

Layering pipeline containing at least one discharge magnetic valve is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention And/or outlet and/or the layering precombustion chamber of compressed in layers machine, wherein the air inlet side of internal combustion engine is led in the outlet of discharge magnetic valve, Or lead to container tank, or lead to reserve room.

Included being connected to the outlet of the compressed in layers machine of accumulator according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, Wherein accumulator the storage air or admixture of gas that are pressurizeed in advance by the compressor, the accumulator also directly or indirectly with Layering pipeline is connected with layering precombustion chamber, to make the pipeline and the precombustion chamber keep under pressure.

The device for including being used to recycle the exhaust pre-cooled according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, It is referred to as, and " EGR " devices of outside cooling, the device is lifted by least one proportion expression being placed on exhaust manifold for internal combustion engine EGR bleeder valves, either at least one proportion expression rotation EGR tapping clack valve or at least one proportion expression rotate EGR tapping sleeving valves Composition, the manifold can be placed into by the valve or the clack valve or the sleeving valve to be connected with outside EGR supplying ducts, court And lead to the conduit opposite end at the manifold end and lead to the air plenum of internal combustion engine.

EGR is lifted according to the proportion expression that the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention include being placed on exhaust manifold Bleeder valve, or proportion expression rotation EGR tapping clack valves, or proportion expression rotation EGR tapping sleeving valves, its at least one with the manifold Included at least one proportion expression lifting exhaust back pressure valve in outlet, or proportion expression rotation exhaust back pressure clack valve, or proportion expression rotation Turn the cooperation of exhaust back pressure sleeving valve.

Layering cooler for recycled exhaust gas is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it is that EGR supplies in outside are led High temperature air in pipe is to water coke slurry device, and it cools the exhaust released from the exhaust manifolds of internal combustion engine, the exhaust by its The heat-conducting liquid that the cooling circuit of some heat transference internal combustion engines is included.

Layering cooler for recycled exhaust gas is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it is that EGR supplies in outside are led Cryogenic air in pipe is to water coke slurry device, and it cools the exhaust released from the exhaust manifolds of internal combustion engine, the exhaust by its The heat-conducting liquid that some independent chilled water circuits of heat transference are included, wherein the internal combustion engine includes independent chilled water circuit.

Layering room is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it is formed from the annular in cylindrical hole Chamber is constituted, and the cylindrical seal tip wherein included by spark plug is embedded into the cylindrical hole, and the combustion of internal combustion engine is led in the hole Burn room.

Layering injection catheter is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, the conduit is by least one point Layer injection channel composition, the first end of the injection channel is connected with layering room, and its second end is in the cylinder included by spark plug Opened between the inside of shape seal tips and central insulation cone.

Layering injection catheter is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it is sprayed by least one layering Capillary composition is penetrated, the capillary is formed inside the central electrode included by spark plug so that the first end of the capillary Connected with layering room, the second end of the capillary is opened in the end of the central electrode.

Layering injection catheter is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention, it is by least one periphery point Layer nozzle composition, the first end of the nozzle is connected with layering room, and its second end is opened in the periphery of spark plug, and second end is big Cause to point to the electrode included by the spark plug.

Include at least combination according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention to be incorporated at least one cassette holder At least it is layered all or part, layering precombustion chamber and layering actuator of valve, base, spring or layered catheter, the cassette holder quilt It is fixed on or is screwed into the cylinder head of internal combustion engine.

The outlet of layering pipeline and/or compressed in layers machine is included according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention And/or layering precombustion chamber, it includes at least one valve or injector of air fuel mixture, enabling keep pollutant Post-process catalytic converter temperature, the valve or injector of the type can by air fuel mixture from the pipeline or from The outlet or the exhaust manifolds that internal combustion engine is sent to from the precombustion chamber, wherein described at any point for passing through the conduit The mixture is introduced into the conduit by the valve or injector of type, wherein the conduit is placed on the engine Between the catalyst of air bleeding valve and the engine.

Included being used to catalyst being maintained at certain temperature according to the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the present invention Air fuel mixture valve or injector, it is connected to the exhaust manifolds of internal combustion engine, according to catalytic converter temperature Maintain air fuel mixture conduit.

Brief description of the drawings

Refer to the attached drawing, the following description provided by non-limiting examples will help to understand of the invention, its feature and excellent Point, can be provided herein：

Fig. 1 is the high pressure spark ignition and layered device schematic diagram in reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-section according to high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the invention, wherein layering valve point It is not in the closed position, it is subsequently in an open position, the valve can be made by the layering actuator being made up of lead loop Door lifts off its base, and the lead loop can attract to be connected to the magnetic core of the valve by coil push-pull device at fixed.

Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-section according to high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the invention, wherein by by piezoelectric layer The layering actuator of lamination composition can make layering valve lift off its base, and wherein piezoelectric layer lamination is connected by lamination push-pull device at fixed It is connected to the valve.

Fig. 5 is the schematic cross-section according to high pressure spark ignition and layered device of the invention, wherein by by hydraulic separate The layering actuator of layer activated cylinders composition can make the layering valve of the equipment lift off its base, and the hydraulic pressure layering of the cylinder connects Plug of accepting orders for repairs or processing is connected to the valve by hydraulic piston push-pull device at fixed.

Fig. 6 shows the first variant arrangement according to the high pressure spark ignition of the present invention and the various parts of layered device, institute State equipment to be applied to in the reciprocating internal combustion engine of turbocharger supercharged four cylinder arranged side by side, the variant is especially wrapped Include homogenizing circulator, proportion expression lifting EGR bleeder valves and proportion expression lifting exhaust back pressure valve.

Fig. 7 shows the second variant arrangement according to the high pressure spark ignition of the present invention and the various parts of layered device, institute State equipment to be applied to in the reciprocating internal combustion engine of turbocharger supercharged four cylinder arranged side by side, the variant is especially wrapped Point for include and store the accumulator of the air pressurizeed by compressed in layers machine or admixture of gas, being connected to pressurized combustible gas reserve room Layer fuel injector, proportion expression lifting EGR bleeder valves and proportion expression lifting exhaust back pressure clack valve.

Fig. 8 shows the 3rd variant arrangement according to the high pressure spark ignition of the present invention and the various parts of layered device, institute State equipment to be applied to in the reciprocating internal combustion engine of turbocharger supercharged four cylinder arranged side by side, the variant is especially wrapped Include and EGR tapping sleeving valve and proportion expression lifting exhaust are lifted to gas-heat exchanger, proportion expression for the gas of heated atmospheric air supply circuit Back-pressure valve sleeving valve.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 shows to include the internal combustion engine 1 of high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 according to the present invention.

Internal combustion engine 1 includes cluster engine or crankcase 3, and it includes at least one combustion cylinders 4 closed by cylinder head 8, And combustion piston 5 is moved in the cylinder.

Combustion piston 5 is hingedly mounted on the connecting rod 6 for being connected to bent axle 7, when the piston 5 is moved in combustion cylinders 4 When dynamic, the motion of the combustion piston 5 is sent to the bent axle 7 by the connecting rod 6.

The cylinder head 8 of internal combustion engine 1 includes combustion chamber 9, on the one hand, conductance may not be entered by what intake valve 13 was closed by existing Pipe 11 leads to wherein, and the air induction conduit is connected with air plenum 19, and on the other hand, existing may not be by air bleeding valve 12 The exhaust manifolds 10 of closing lead to wherein, and the exhaust manifolds with exhaust manifold 18 and with urging for being post-processed for pollutant Change converter 75 to connect.

Internal combustion engine 1 also includes cooling duct 17 and computer ECU.

Fig. 1 to Fig. 8 shows the high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 according to the present invention.

High pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 include at least one layering valve 20 being contained in combustion engine cylinder head 8.

The valve keeps contacting by least one spring 22 and base 21, and the valve, which is closed, leads to layering room 79 The first end of at least one layered catheter 23, and layering room 24 is led at the second end included by the conduit.

Layering room 24 is connected to the combustion chamber 9 of internal combustion engine 1, the injection catheter by least one layering injection catheter 39 39 lead to the combustion chamber 9, wherein protrusion of the combustion chamber close to the spark plug 25 being fixed in the cylinder head 8 of internal combustion engine 1 Electrode 26, the electrode is placed in the combustion chamber 9 of the engine 1.

According to the high pressure spark ignition of the present invention and a specific embodiment of layered device 2, the spark plug 25 can be with It is same or similar that those are suitable to all controlled-ignition, internal-combustion engines as is known to persons skilled in the art.

It should be noted that spring 22 can be acted directly or indirectly through the solid on layering valve 20 or liquid, but it It can be the machinery of any material, can bend, reverse or stretched operation, and can be, for example " bayesian " spring washer, spiral shell Revolve shape spring or leaf spring, wavy spring packing ring or with any other geometry, and can be those skilled in the art Any kind of spring washer known.

In a particular embodiment, using the compressibility energy of gas, the spring 22 may also be pneumatic, or use liquid The compressibility energy of body, the spring may also be hydraulic pressure.

It should be noted that high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 include being controlled at least by the computer ECU of internal combustion engine 1 One layering actuator 27, the actuator is responsible for lifting layering valve 20 and leaves its base 21, keeps it to open and returned Return to its base.

High pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 also include the outlet by being layered precombustion chamber 79 and being connected to compressed in layers machine 29 At least one layering pipeline 28, the import of wherein compressed in layers machine 29 is directly or indirectly connected to stratified atmosphere supply circuit 30 (translator notes：Original text is seemingly wrong, and " conduit " should be changed in " loop ").

The supplying duct, the compressor and import therein and outlet, the pipeline, the precombustion chamber and layering are led The combination of pipe 23 forms the air supply circuit 31 of layering room 24, and the room forms the part in the loop in itself.

It should be noted that compressed in layers machine 29 can be any kind of compressor well known by persons skilled in the art, The compressor has fixed cylinder capacity or variable cylinder capacity, with piston, wheel blade, is with or without the spiral shell of lubrication Silk, can be single-stage compressor, double-stage compressor or compound compressor, or may not have cooling during rolling.

According to the chosen manner for embodying high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 according to the present invention, the compressed in layers Machine 29 can especially be fixed directly or indirectly to internal combustion engine 1, and via at least one little gear, or via at least one chain, Or via at least one conveyer belt, or via the speed changer with fixed or variable gear ratio, by included by the engine The Mechanical Driven of bent axle 7, or via alternating current generator by the bent axle driven by power, the alternating current generator can produce driving Electric current required by the motor of the compressor, in this case, as the electric energy produced by the alternating current generator can or It can not be stored in advance in the battery.

At least one layering that high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 also include being controlled by the ECU computers of internal combustion engine 1 is fired Material ejector 33, the air supply circuit 31 that the injector can be in layering room 24 is interior or is layered in injection catheter 39, or institute State and fuel jet is produced in loop and the conduit, wherein layering room 24 is at any point in the loop.

According to a specific embodiment of the equipment of the present invention, the sprayable liquid of the layered fuel injector 33 or gaseous state Fuel, and can be the single-stage injector or series ejectors of electromagnet-type or piezo type, or usually this area skill Any kind of single-stage injector or series ejectors known to art personnel.

As shown in Fig. 6,7 and 8, high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 at least include being used to recycle the row pre-cooled The device of gas 40, it is referred to as, and " EGR " devices of outside cooling, are controlled, these exhaust gas recirculatioons pre-cooled by ECU computers Device 40 can release exhaust from the exhaust manifolds 10 of internal combustion engine 1, subsequently pass through at least one cooler in the gas After 41 coolings, the gas is re-introduced into the air inlet side of the engine.

In certain embodiments, high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 include layering valve 20, and its base 21 has direction point The externally-oriented front of layer precombustion chamber 79 so that layering actuator 27 only by the mobile valve away from the precombustion chamber, The valve (Fig. 2 to Fig. 5) of the base can be lifted.

According to another embodiment, high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 include layering valve 20, and its base 21 has direction It is layered the front of the internal approach of precombustion chamber 79 so that layering actuator 27 only passes through the mobile valve towards the precombustion chamber, The valve of the base can just be lifted.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, layering actuator 27 can by the wire 50 fixed to the cylinder head 8 of internal combustion engine 1 at least one Coil is constituted, and the coil attracts magnetic core or blade 51 when electric current flows through the coil so that one core or blade are indulged Valve 20 is layered to translation, its SMIS or blade are connected to layering valve 20 by coil push-pull device at fixed 42.

Fig. 4 shows that layering actuator 27 can be made up of at least one lamination of piezoelectric layer 52, leads to when the layer is subjected to electric current Out-of-date, its thickness is changed so that the lamination longitudinal translation is layered valve 20, and wherein lamination is connected by lamination push-pull device at fixed 80 It is connected to layering valve 20.

According to the variant of the equipment of the present invention, the lamination of piezoelectric layer 52 can be connected to via at least one lever (not shown) Valve 20 is layered, wherein the lever displacement multiplication of giving the lamination is to the valve.

For example, the lever can be made up of packing ring, the small lever that packing ring is bonded into circle by some row in itself is constituted, a side Face, each small lever directly or leaned against via lamination push-pull device at fixed 80 piezoelectric layer 52 lamination top, on the other hand, lean against point On layer valve 20.

According to another embodiment, high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2, layering actuator 27 can be by pneumatic including being layered Receiving chamber and the pneumatically actuated cylinder (not shown) composition of layering for being layered pneumatic reception piston, the piston are fixed to layering valve 20 or be connected to wherein by air rammer push-pull device at fixed, and the pneumatic chamber can through lay by least one magnetic valve with Pressure-air reserve room or air or the connection of low-pressure air reserve room.

According to another variant described in Fig. 5, high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 may include to be layered actuator 27, It is made up of layering hydraulic actuation cylinder 36 and receives piston 38, the work including layering hydraulic pressure receiving chamber 37 and layering hydraulic pressure Plug is fixed to layering valve 20 or is connected to wherein by hydraulic piston push-pull device at fixed 53.

The hydraulic pressure layering receives the seal that piston 38 may include to seal the cylinder interacted therewith, and hydraulic separate Layer receiving chamber 37 may be connected to high-pressure and hydraulic control by least one high-pressure solenoid valve and/or at least one low-voltage solenoid valve Fluid reservoir or low-pressure hydraulic control fluid reservoir.

High pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 may include that the unshowned high-pressure and hydraulic pressurizeed by hydraulic control pump is controlled The hydraulic fluid for controlling fluid reservoir to release from low-pressure hydraulic is sent to the high-pressure and hydraulic and controls liquid storage by fluid reservoir, the pump Room.

According to a specific embodiment, high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 include layered fuel injector 33, the injection Device may be connected to the reserve room 55 (Fig. 7) of pressurized combustible gas, can spray the gas, and institute by the injector 33 State the natural gas that gas can be compression or any other fuel gas that can be used by reciprocating internal combustion engine.

Being layered the air supply circuit 31 of room 24 may include to be placed in the homogenizing circulator 56 at any point in the loop, and And by making the air or the mixture cycle through the loop, and stir the air or gas included in the loop Mixture.

Fig. 6 and Fig. 8 show the air supply circuit 31 of layering room 24, and it includes being used for the gas for heating the loop 31 to gas Heat exchanger 57, the exchanger by from the exhaust of internal combustion engine 1 extract heat and heat the air included in the loop 31 or Admixture of gas, the air or admixture of gas and the exhaust are exchanged by described simultaneously in the case where not mixing mutually Device 57.

According to high pressure spark ignition and a specific embodiment of layered device 2, the air supply circuit 31 of room 24 is layered Including at least one resistance (not shown) for heating supply circuit, the air or gas included in loop described in the resistance heating Body mixture.

It should be noted that the inner surface of the air supply circuit 31 of layering room 24 can be adiabatic material completely or partially and cover Lid, the material can be ceramics, air, or any other adiabatic apparatus well known by persons skilled in the art.

For example, the inner surface can also be covered by the cohesionless material of such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or those skilled in the art The covering of known any other coating, and any product adhesion for polymerizeing from fuel can be avoided to the surface, its Described in fuel circulated in the supply circuit 31.

Fig. 7 shows the air supply circuit 31 of layering room 24, and it includes being used for the air for cooling down supply circuit 58 to cooling Water heat exchanger, the exchanger is by the way that the heat in the air or admixture of gas to be conveyed to the institute of cooling circuit 17 to internal combustion engine Comprising heat-conducting liquid, cool down air or admixture of gas that the loop is included.

According to unshowned one embodiment, layering room 24 includes tangent at least one import and/or at least one goes out Mouthful so that when the air or mixture are introduced into the room, eddy motion can be given and come from by the import and/or outlet It is layered the air or admixture of gas of pipeline 28.

The air supply circuit 31 of layering room 24 may also include at least one unshowned teeter chamber, and the teeter chamber is by turbulence The admixture of gas moved in the loop is given, or the admixture of gas is subjected to rapid pressure change, such as institute Venturi effect can be formed by stating teeter chamber, on the one hand to promote the evaporation of the fuel included in the mixture, the opposing party Face promotes the aggregation of the mixture.

According to a specific embodiment, high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 include may include at least one dump valve 59 Layering pipeline 28, open under dump valve specified pressure dominant in the pipeline, it is specific according to one of the present invention Embodiment, the outlet from the dump valve 59 can lead to the exhausting loop 10 of air plenum 19 or internal combustion engine 1, or lead to Air (Fig. 8).

The outlet of layering pipeline 28 and/or compressed in layers machine 29 and/or layering precombustion chamber 79 may also include at least one row Go out magnetic valve, it exports the air inlet side for leading to internal combustion engine, or leads to unshowned container tank, or leads to unshowned reserve room.

It should be noted that when internal combustion engine 1 stops, the magnetic valve can be actuated opening, so described container tank or The reserve room stores the outlet and/or the layering precombustion chamber of the layering pipeline 28 and/or compressed in layers machine 29 Most of hydrocarbon steam included in 79, then the steam burnt when then restarting the engine, or with such Mode, i.e., when steam is discharged to the air inlet side of the engine by the magnetic valve, the engine burns described immediately Steam.

Fig. 7 shows that the outlet of compressed in layers machine 29 may be connected to accumulator 60, and accumulator storage is pre- by the compressor The air or admixture of gas first pressurizeed, the accumulator also directly or indirectly connects with layering pipeline 28 and layering precombustion chamber 79 It is logical, to make the pipeline and the precombustion chamber keep under pressure.

For example, the accumulator 60 divides particularly for the stable pressure set up in these components in situations below Layer compression machine 29 is included with the single-piston of low speed rotation, and the configuration generates high amplitude pressure wave in the component.

High pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 include the device 40 for being used to recycle the exhaust pre-cooled, and it is referred to as " outer EGR " the devices of portion's cooling, the device lifts EGR tapping by least one proportion expression being placed on the exhaust manifold 18 of internal combustion engine 1 Valve 63 (Fig. 6), or at least one proportion expression rotation EGR tapping clack valve 64 (Fig. 7), or the rotation EGR tapping of at least one proportion expression Sleeving valve 65 (Fig. 8) is constituted, and the manifold can be placed into by the valve or the clack valve or the sleeving valve to be supplied with outside EGR Conduit 66 is connected, and the air plenum 19 of internal combustion engine is led to towards the conduit opposite end for leading to the manifold end.

Be placed on exhaust manifold 18 to proportion expression lifting EGR bleeder valves 63, or proportion expression rotation EGR tapping clack valves 64, or proportion expression rotation EGR tapping sleeving valve 65 carries with least one proportion expression included by least one outlet of the manifold Rise exhaust back pressure valve 67 (Fig. 6), or proportion expression rotation exhaust back pressure clack valve 68 (Fig. 7), or proportion expression rotation exhaust back pressure sleeving valve 69 (Fig. 8) cooperate.

Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 shows layering cooler for recycled exhaust gas 41, and it is the high temperature air in outside EGR supplying ducts to water coke slurry Device, the exchanger cools the exhaust released from the exhaust manifolds 10 of internal combustion engine 1, and the exhaust is described by some of heat transference The heat-conducting liquid that the cooling circuit 17 of internal combustion engine is included.

Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 also shows that layering cooler 41, and it is the Cryogenic air in outside EGR supplying ducts to water coke slurry Device, the exchanger cools the exhaust released from the exhaust manifolds 10 of internal combustion engine 1, and the exhaust is described by some of heat transference The heat-conducting liquid that the independent chilled water circuit that internal combustion engine includes is included.It should be noted that the chilled water circuit can be described Charge air cooler included by engine, such loop is known to those skilled in the art.

Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 shows that the annular chamber 45 that layering room 24 is formed from cylindrical hole 46 is constituted, and wherein spark plug 25 is wrapped The cylindrical seal tip 44 included is embedded into the cylindrical hole, and the combustion chamber 9 of internal combustion engine 1 is led in the hole 46.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, layering injection catheter 39 can be made up of at least one layering injection pipe 15, the playpipe The first end in road is connected with layering room 24, inside and center of second end at the cylindrical seal tip 44 included by spark plug 25 Opened between insulator cone 43.

However, Fig. 4 shows that layering injection catheter 39 is made up of at least one layering injection capillary 16, the capillary is formed Inside the central electrode 47 included by spark plug 25 so that the first end of the capillary is connected with layering room 24, and described Opened in the end of the central electrode 47 at second end of capillary.

Fig. 5 shows that high pressure spark ignition and layered device 2 include layering injection catheter 39, and it is layered by least one periphery Nozzle 48 is constituted, and the first end of the nozzle is connected with layering room 24, and its second end is opened in the periphery of spark plug 25, and described the Two ends are pointed generally in the electrode 26 included by the spark plug.

It should be noted that being at least layered valve, base 21, spring 22, all or part of layered catheter 23, layering pre-burning Room 79 and layering actuator 27 can be combined and be incorporated at least one cassette holder, and the cassette holder is fixed to or be screwed into the gas of internal combustion engine 1 In cylinder cap 8.

Fig. 8 shows that being layered pipeline 28 and/or the outlet of compressed in layers machine 29 and/or layering precombustion chamber 79 may include that air fires At least one valve or injector 76 of mixture are expected, so as to keep the pollutant to post-process the temperature of catalyst 75 Degree.

The valve or injector 76 can be by air fuel mixtures from the pipeline 28 or from the outlet or from described Precombustion chamber 79 is sent to the exhaust manifolds 10 of internal combustion engine 1, passes through the valve of the type at any point of the conduit Or the mixture is incorporated into the conduit 10 by injector 76, wherein the conduit is placed on the exhaust of the engine Between valve 12 and the catalyst 75 of the engine 1.

Therefore and if necessary, once reaching operation temperature for the catalyst 75 for post-processing pollutant When, wherein catalyst can be operated under at least sufficient efficiency at said temperatures, the mixture can be introduced in institute State in exhaust manifolds 10, to ensure mixture burning, i.e. the latter in the catalyst 75 in this way Keep at a sufficient temperature so that high pollution thing is maintained uncontamination thing gas transformation efficiency by it.

In this case, valve or injector 76 can be connected to the exhaust manifolds 10 of internal combustion engine 1, wherein the valve Or injector is used to introduce air fuel mixture so that catalyst is maintained at into certain temperature, according to catalyst temperature Degree maintains air fuel mixture conduit 77, and the hybrid catheter 77 can also include preventing the conduit 77 from reaching excessive temperature Heat-insulated pipe or flange 78.

The operation of the present invention

Operated according to the ignition installation of the present invention at least in following pattern：

Only the burning of the pilot inflation of stoichiometry, in fact, main gas charge does not include oxygen or fuel, but is only wrapped The EGR of the cooling containing outside and/or internal heat EGR.

The burning of the pilot inflation of stoichiometry, then its light the EGR and/or internal heat using outside cooling The main gas charge for the stoichiometry that EGR is highly diluted.

Stoichiometry pilot inflation burning, then its light be not diluted or only by outside cooling EGR and/or The main gas charge that the EGR of internal heat somewhat dilutes.

The only burning of the pilot inflation of stoichiometry, it is carried out with the EGR of outside cooling and/or the EGR of internal heat High dilution, it is not diluted or is only somewhat diluted.

In specific embodiment and purposes, for example, when the ignition installation according to the present invention is used for as shown in Figure 6 to 8 Four cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engines in when, its operation is as follows：

It is layered the pressure period of pipeline 28：By multi-point injection, engine 1 is with the side as the engine of prior art Formula is started, and the stage is not used to according to the ignition installation 2 of the present invention, in addition to the spark plug 25 included on equipment.

According to the example, compressed in layers machine 29 is directly driven by the bent axle 7 of engine, and it starts simultaneously at behaviour with the bent axle Make, and aspirate its air possessed, the air is released from the outlet of the air cleaner outer cover 70 of the engine.

In this particular example, injector 33 is by the import of compressed in layers machine 29 described in fuel spirt, with such ratio Example, the i.e. fuel air mixture of stoichiometry are delivered directly to layering pipeline 28 in the exit of the compressor.

Simultaneously, homogenizing circulator 56 makes the fuel air mixture of stoichiometry then flow for action with compressed in layers machine 29 Move by being layered pipeline 28, by various layering precombustion chambers 79, the precombustion chamber is incorporated to such as the internal combustion engine 1 of the detailed description of the invention In each combustion cylinders 4, conduit 71 then is returned to by being homogenized, to be back to the circulator, and in the pipeline 28 It is pressurized, and under conditions of internal combustion engine holding operation, mixture is started again in same circuit.

The stirring produced by homogenizing circulator 56 is used for reducing the gasoline included in stoichiometric fuel air mixture On the inwall for being condensate in layering pipeline 28 and layering room 24, therefore the mixture under pressure, and is unfavorable for maintaining vapour The steam state of oil.

The stirring is also used for forcing the fuel air mixture of stoichiometry to keep being homogenized and being maintained close to the wall The temperature of temperature, the temperature is less than the spontaneous ignition point of the mixture, and especially by diluting any vapour again Oil residue cleans the wall, and the residue is attached to the wall body because of the previously used ignition installation according to the present invention.

Under the action of compressed in layers machine 29, before the inflation igniting that the room is included, when the piston of combustion chamber When reaching the end of compressor stroke, the pressure of layering pipeline 28 is increased to greater than being set up in the combustion chamber 9 of internal combustion engine 1 immediately Pressure level.When being pressurizeed to the pipeline, the inflation of the engine is prepared as according to the ignition installation of the present invention Layering, its generation is as follows：

Initially it is layered the stage：

By spark plug 25, the spark ignition of the primary chemical metering inflation included in the engine chamber 9 is opened Before dynamic, in the engine crankshaft rotation several years, electric current is delivered to the terminal (Fig. 3) of the coil 50 of electronics layering actuator 27.

Then, the magnetic core 51 of the actuator is attracted and moved towards the latter by the coil, so as to pull coil The coil push-pull device at fixed 42 of layering valve is connected to, its base 21 is left to lift the valve, and cause layering pipeline 28 And the sub-fraction of the more specifically pressurization carburetting mixture that layering precombustion chamber 79 is included distinguishes layered room 24 and layering The combustion chamber 9 of injection catheter 39 towards engine 1 is escaped.

When being escaped via layering injection catheter 39, the mixture is sharp with the cylindrical seal for entering spark plug 25 at a high speed Space between the adiabatic cone in end 44 and the center of the spark plug.So do, the mixture stirs same by turbulent motion When keep being limited in the small size centered on the electrode 26 of spark plug 25, therefore, the mixture constitutes stoichiometry Pilot inflates (Fig. 3).

Once the mixture of desirable number will be sent to combustion chamber 9 to form pilot inflation from layering pipeline 28, just lead to The ECU for crossing internal combustion engine 1 stops supplying electric current to the coil 50 of layering actuator 27, and it is initial that the magnetic core of the actuator is back to its Position, it is pushed back by the spring 22 of layering valve 20, while spring 22 returns to its base, i.e. closing position.

Then, pilot is inflated and lighted a fire, high-tension current is applied to the terminal of spark plug 25, so as in the spark plug Electric arc is formed between electrode 26.Because pilot inflation is for stoichiometry and with strong turbulent motion, so it is rapid Fire, subsequently forms generally spherical in shape hot volume, extension forms the fire of generally spherical segment to the volume immediately under the action of heat Flame forward, it has the big surface area contacted with main gas charge, because flame is still necessary to covering with whole main gas charges that burn Apart from short, so main gas charge also catches fire rapidly.When establish it is this by pilot inflate and main gas charge burn pattern when, claimed For " exhaust gas re-circulation apparatus 40 pre-cooled of the EGR " devices of outside cooling starts following operation：

With the EGR dilution stage of outside cooling：

, can according to the exhaust gas re-circulation apparatus 40 pre-cooled of the present invention and the present exemplary embodiment for EGR gas Including the proportion expression lifting EGR bleeder valves 63 being placed on exhaust manifold 18, it is by the cylinder A of internal combustion engine 1 and cylinder B exhaust Export and be joined to one another and be incorporated into the engine, the bleeder valve 63 and the ratio for being placed on the exit of manifold 18 Example formula lifting exhaust back pressure valve interaction.

When EGR bleeder valves 63 are opened completely and the exhaust back pressure valve 67 is completely closed, from cylinder A and cylinder B All exhausts the air plenum 19 of internal combustion engine 1 is re-introduced into through bleeder valve 63 and outside EGR supplying ducts 66, it is outside The outside EGR air that EGR supplying ducts 66 include hot-air type is described for cooling down wherein to water cooler 72, i.e. water The cooler of engine in itself, flows into the gas therein and is subjected to cooling for the first time, gas flows into air plenum 19 afterwards Included in cold water type air to water cooler 73, to be subjected to second of cooling, when engine passes through its turbo-compressor When machine 74 is pressurized, the latter's cooler is also used for cooling down the pressurized air (Fig. 6) of the engine.

With this configuration and this set, the air received at the import of engine 1 comprises about 50 percent EGR and temperature only than the temperature high several years of surrounding air.

It can easily be inferred from this configuration, the exhaust of cylinder A and cylinder B air exits be incorporated into by changing The respective lifting of EGR bleeder valves 63 and exhaust back pressure valve 67 in manifold 18, engine can be between zero-sum 50 percent Outside cooling EGR operation, according to the preferable efficiency and the criterion of stability limit on the engine combustion, always by sending out Engine operation computer ECU sets the appropriate EGR level of engine.

It should be noted that when the turbo-compressor 74 of engine 1 is used for being pressurized engine 1, the He of EGR bleeder valves 63 Exhaust back pressure valve 67 is arranged in such a way, i.e., enough energy, which are retained in exhaust, allows turbo-compressor turbine expecting bar Driving is merged in the centrifugal compressor of the turbo-compressor under part.

When engine has variable compression ratio, reduce EGR level to pay the utmost attention to the energy available for the turbine Requirement, the negative effect to the final efficiency of engine is smaller, because in this case, the engine is several under full and down The EGR of outside cooling is not required, to overcome detonation and/or conveying high energy efficiency.

It should be noted that when EGR operation of the engine 1 with high-caliber outside cooling, under good conditions, can Burnt by the equipment, and be generally difficult to start or may even not start when lacking the ignition installation 2 according to the present invention The burning.

Because the burning by the stoichiometry main gas charge of the EGR high dilutions of outside cooling starts by flame front There is provided, wherein flame front has inflates the outer big surface area placed development and contacted with the main gas charge in pilot.

Therefore, firstly, since the compression that the burning of pilot inflation is produced, the compression adds the also unburned master The enthalpy of inflation；Secondly as the big surface in flame；Again, because small distance is still covered by the flame To make all inflation burnings, so the main gas charge burns rapidly.

Because the EGR high dilutions by outside cooling are inflated, so its mean temperature during burning is at a fairly low, from And engine is reduced the heat loss at the sensitiveness and wall body of detonation simultaneously.Then, according to maximal efficiency criterion, optimal The burning and increase that moment can start inflation can be fixed or variable engine compression ratios, to increase gas expansion Thermodynamic efficiency.

It should be noted that in the case where engine has variable compression ratio, the EGR's of the average external cooling of inflation Content advantageously can increase simultaneously with compression ratio, and the increase is beneficial to the steady of the burning of the EGR with the outside cooling of high level simultaneously It is qualitative, and beneficial to the thermodynamic efficiency of gas expansion.

It should be noted that when completing layering 28 pressure period of pipeline, layering stage and the subsequent EGR with outside cooling Dilution inflation can postpone in good time, so as to the rising because of the pipeline inner wall temperature and by stirring that homogenizing circulator 56 is provided Mix, and allow the fuel being stored in the pipeline when finally using internal combustion engine 1 being back to gaseous state.

The delay can also temporarily retain the energy included in engine exhaust, so as in the EGR using outside cooling Before being diluted to the inflation of the engine, the triple mode catalytic converter of the engine is heated.

It should be noted that according to the present invention ignition installation 2 can be in two kinds of different modes single engine follow Start burning in ring, first mode is controlled by spark ignition and for pilot inflation, and second mode be according to CAI and HCCI, by compressing the igniting started, and for main gas charge.

According to the method using the ignition installation 2 according to the present invention, the EGR of outside cooling can be completely or partially by internal warm EGR replaces so that can be provided for main gas charge by CAI or HCCI correctly start temperature needed for burning, pressure and composition bar Part.

If it should be noted that the burning under described two different modes during same engine is circulated is for variable In compression ratio engine, then it is more easily controlled.

In the AD HOC using the ignition installation 2 according to the present invention, in addition to variable compression ratio or variable compressive is replaced Than internal combustion engine, which can advantageously have, to be used to control its intake valve 13 and/or its air bleeding valve 12 to open and/or close and/or lifted Equipment.

Especially the specific embodiment can be used for closing in advance during the induction stroke of the combustion piston 5 of the engine 1 Intake valve 13, to reduce its remaining pumping loss under low load.

For example, last-mentioned method can be used to provide the high volume ratio of the engine 1, in the engine 1, pole High gas expansion rate is conducive to high thermodynamic efficiency.

It will be apparent to the skilled artisan that above description is only provided by way of example, the protection model of the present invention is not limited in any way Enclose, if the details of embodiment as described herein is by any other equivalent substitution, without departing from protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. one kind is used for the high pressure spark ignition and layered device of internal combustion engine (1), the internal combustion engine includes：With at least one combustion The cylinder head (8) of room (9) is burnt, the air induction conduit (11) connected with air plenum (19) leads to the combustion chamber (9)；And with row The exhaust manifolds (10) that gas manifold (18) is connected with the catalyst (75) for post-processing pollutant, the internal combustion engine is also wrapped Include the lubricating loop (14), cooling circuit (17) and ECU computers of pressurization, it is characterised in that the high pressure spark ignition and point Layer equipment includes：

It is contained at least one layering valve (20) in the cylinder head (8) of the internal combustion engine (1), the layering valve (20) Keep contacting by least one spring (22) and base (21), and the layering valve (20) closes at least one layered catheter (23) first end, the first end, which is led to, is layered precombustion chamber (79), and the second end that at least one described layered catheter includes Lead to layering room (24), the layering room (24) is connected to the internal combustion engine (1) by least one layering injection catheter (39) The combustion chamber (9), the injection catheter (39) leads to the combustion chamber (9), and the combustion chamber is close to being fixed in described The projection electrode (26) of spark plug (25) in the cylinder head (8) of combustion engine (1), the electrode is placed on the internal combustion engine (1) in the combustion chamber (9)；

At least one the layering actuator (27) controlled by the ECU computers of the internal combustion engine (1), the actuator is born The duty lifting layering valve (20) leaves its base (21), keeps it to open, and return it to its base；

The layering precombustion chamber (79) is connected to at least one layering pipeline (28) of the outlet of compressed in layers machine (29), its Described in the import of compressed in layers machine (29) be directly or indirectly connected to stratification of atmosphere air supplying duct (30), the supply is led Pipe, the compressor and its import and outlet, the layering pipeline, the layering precombustion chamber and the layered catheter (23) Combination forms the air supply circuit (31) of the layering room (24), and the layering precombustion chamber forms the air and supplied in itself Major part to loop；

At least one the layered fuel injector (33) controlled by the ECU computers of the internal combustion engine (1), the injection Device can at any point in the air supply circuit in the air supply circuit (31) of the layering room (24), Or generation fuel is penetrated in the layering injection catheter (39), or in the air supply circuit and the layering injection catheter Stream.

2. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that the height Banking fire spark ignition and layered device include the device for the exhaust that at least one recycling is pre-cooled, and it is referred to as " outside cooling EGR " devices (40), described device controls by the ECU computers of the internal combustion engine (1), and described device can be from described Exhaust is released in the exhaust manifolds (10) of internal combustion engine, and the row is being pre-cooled by least one cooler (41) After gas, then described be vented be re-introduced into the air inlet side of the internal combustion engine.

3. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described point The base (21) of layer valve (20) has the externally-oriented front towards the layering precombustion chamber (79) so that the layering Actuator (27) only by the mobile layering valve away from or approach the layering precombustion chamber and can lift the layering valve Leave the base.

4. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described point Layer actuator (27) is made up of the coil of at least one wire (50), and the wire (50) is fixed to the internal combustion engine (1) The cylinder head (8), the coil attracts magnetic core or blade (51) when electric current flows through the coil so that described at least one Valve (20) is layered described in magnetic core or the blade longitudinal translation, wherein the magnetic core or blade are connected by coil push-pull device at fixed (42) It is connected to the layering valve.

5. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described point Layer actuator (27) be made up of at least one piezoelectric layer (52) lamination, when the piezoelectric layer be subjected to electric current by when, the piezoelectricity The thickness change of layer so that valve (20) is layered described in the lamination longitudinal translation, wherein the lamination passes through lamination push-pull device at fixed (80) layering valve (20) and/or by least one lever is connected to, the lever makes the lamination give the layering valve Displacement multiplication.

6. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described point Layer actuator (27) is made up of the pneumatic layering activated cylinders that piston is received including pneumatic layering receiving chamber and pneumatic layering, described Piston is fixed to the layering valve (20) or is connected to the layering valve (20), and the gas by air rammer push-pull device at fixed Dynamic layering receiving chamber can be through laying by least one magnetic valve and pressure-air reserve room or air communication, or and low pressure Air reserve room is connected.

7. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described point Layer actuator (27) is layered activated cylinders by the hydraulic pressure that receiving chamber (37) and hydraulic pressure layering reception piston (38) are layered including hydraulic pressure (36) constitute, the piston is fixed to the layering valve (20) or is connected to institute by hydraulic piston push-pull device at fixed (53) State layering valve (20).

8. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described point Layer fuel injector (33) is connected to the reserve room (55) of pressurized combustible gas.

9. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that for institute Stating the air supply circuit (31) of layering room (24) includes homogenizing circulator (56), and the circulator is placed in described big At any point of gas supply circuit, and it is supplied back to by making atmospheric air or fuel air mixture cycle through the air Road, stirs the atmospheric air or fuel air mixture included in the air supply circuit.

10. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that be used for The air supply circuit (31) of the layering room (24) includes being used for the gas for heating the air supply circuit (31) to gas Heat exchanger (57), the gas by extracting heat from the exhaust of the internal combustion engine (1), heats institute to gas-heat exchanger (57) State the atmospheric air or fuel air mixture included in air supply circuit, the atmospheric air or fuel air mixture and The exhaust passes through the exchanger (57) simultaneously in the case where not mixing mutually.

11. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that be used for The air supply circuit (31) of the layering room (24) includes being used at least one electricity for heating the air supply circuit The atmospheric air or fuel air mixture included in resistance, air supply circuit described in the resistance heating.

12. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that be used for The air supply circuit (31) of the layering room (24) includes being used for the air for cooling down the air supply circuit to cooling Water heat exchanger (58), it is by the way that the heat in atmospheric air or fuel air mixture to be conveyed to the institute to the internal combustion engine (1) The heat-conducting liquid included in cooling circuit (17) is stated, atmospheric air or fuel-air that the air supply circuit is included is cooled down Mixture.

13. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described Being layered room (24) includes tangent at least one import and/or at least one outlet.

14. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that be used for The air supply circuit (31) of the layering room (24) includes at least one teeter chamber, and turbulence is given by the teeter chamber The fuel air mixture that is moved in the air supply circuit makes the fuel air mixture be subjected to rapid pressure change Change.

15. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described Being layered pipeline (28) includes at least one dump valve (59), and the dump valve (59) is dominant specific in the layering pipeline Opened under pressure.

16. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described Being layered pipeline (28) and/or the outlet of the compressed in layers machine (29) and/or the layering precombustion chamber (79) is included at least The air inlet side of the internal combustion engine is led in one discharge magnetic valve, the outlet of the discharge magnetic valve, or leads to container tank, or is led to Reserve room.

17. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described The outlet of compressed in layers machine (29) is connected to accumulator (60), and accumulator (60) storage is added in advance by the compressor The atmospheric air or fuel air mixture of pressure, the accumulator are also directly or indirectly layered pipeline (28) and described point with described Layer precombustion chamber (79) connection, to make the layering pipeline and the layering precombustion chamber keep under pressure.

18. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 2 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that be used for The device (40) of the exhaust pre-cooled is recycled, it is referred to as, and " EGR " devices of outside cooling, the device (40) is by being placed in State at least one proportion expression lifting EGR bleeder valves (63) on the exhaust manifold (18) of internal combustion engine (1), or at least one Proportion expression rotation EGR tapping clack valve (64), or at least one proportion expression rotation EGR tapping sleeving valve (65) composition, the layering The manifold can be placed into by valve or the clack valve or the sleeving valve to be connected with outside EGR supplying ducts (66), with leading to institute The air plenum of the internal combustion engine is led in the end for stating the relative outside EGR supplying ducts (66) in end of manifold (19)。

19. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described Layering room (24) is formed from annular chamber (45) composition in cylindrical hole (46), wherein the cylinder that the spark plug (25) includes Seal tips (44) are embedded into the cylindrical hole (46), and the hole (46) leads to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (1) (9)。

20. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device for internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 19, it is characterised in that It is described layering injection catheter (39) by least one layering playpipe (15) constitute, the first end of the playpipe (15) with it is described Room (24) connection is layered, the second end of the playpipe (15) is sophisticated (44) in the cylindrical seal that the spark plug (25) includes Inside and central insulation cone (43) between open.

21. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described Layering injection catheter (39) is made up of at least one layering injection capillary (16), and the capillary is formed at the spark plug (25) central electrode (47) included is internal so that the first end of the capillary is connected with the layering room (24), and described Opened in the end of the central electrode (47) at second end of capillary.

22. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that described Layering injection catheter (39) is made up of at least one peripheral separate nozzle (48), first end and the layering of the nozzle (48) Room (24) is connected, and the second end of the nozzle (48) is opened in the periphery of the spark plug (25), and second end is pointed generally in The electrode (26) that the spark plug includes.

23. the high pressure spark ignition and layered device according to claim 1 for internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that at least It is described layering valve (20), the base (21), the spring (22), all or part of, described point of the layered catheter (23) Layer precombustion chamber (79) and layering actuator (27) combination are incorporated at least one cassette holder, and the cassette holder is fixed on or twisted In the cylinder head (8) for entering the internal combustion engine (1).