CN104251986A - Full-waveform digital detection device - Google Patents

Full-waveform digital detection device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104251986A
CN104251986A CN201310271976.8A CN201310271976A CN104251986A CN 104251986 A CN104251986 A CN 104251986A CN 201310271976 A CN201310271976 A CN 201310271976A CN 104251986 A CN104251986 A CN 104251986A
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China
Prior art keywords
time
data
pulse
discriminator
module
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CN201310271976.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
雷琳君
贺岩
王彦昌
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HANGZHOU ZHONGKE TIANWEI TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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HANGZHOU ZHONGKE TIANWEI TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201310271976.8A priority Critical patent/CN104251986A/en
Publication of CN104251986A publication Critical patent/CN104251986A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/4804Auxiliary means for detecting or identifying lidar signals or the like, e.g. laser illuminators

Abstract

The invention relates to a full-waveform digital detection device comprising a constant fraction timing module, a time digital conversion module, a data interface module and a data storage module. A leading-edge discriminator set and a lagging-edge discriminator set of the constant fraction timing module discriminates that amplitude ratio of voltage, at pulse leading edge and pulse lagging edge, and peak voltage is a series of point corresponding moments of certain values. By integrating the digital counting method and digital delay line interpolation method, the time digital conversion module converts time intervals between the first time and each of the rest time into digital values so as to acquire data, then the data is sent to the data storage module through the data interface module. Implementation of the time digital conversion module and the data interface module is facilitated on an FPGA (field programmable gate array). The full-waveform digital detection device has the advantages such as high precision, integration and low cost and is applicable to the three-dimensional imaging laser scanner.

Description

A kind of Full wave shape digital detecting device
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Full wave shape digitalization test, particularly pulse shape information is converted to pulse height and the peak value of pulse method than the time interval digital quantity between a series of moment for definite value.
Two, background technology
Three-dimensional imaging laser scanner, as the contactless Active Measurement System of one, is widely used in the fields such as city reconstructing three-dimensional model, construction work, electricity power engineering, vcehicular tunnel measurement, forest detection, historical relic's protection.At present, three-dimensional imaging laser scanner obtains the three dimensional point cloud of testee mainly through pulse time-of-flight telemetry, if Full wave shape can be realized to be detected, not only can obtain the echoed signal of laser firing signals at different distance level, thus obtain higher some cloud density, and amplitude and the width information of echo can be obtained, and thus obtain target surface characteristic, can the detectivity of larger raising scanner and scene applicability.
In three-dimensional imaging laser scanning system, existing Full wave shape detects, and the general high-speed a/d sample circuit that adopts realizes, and principle of work is see Fig. 1.In initial time in stand-by time, with fixing frequency, sampling is carried out to the amplitude (voltage) of input pulse and keeps, and be converted into digital quantity, then send into storer preservation.Because the width of laser echo pulse is generally between tens to hundreds of nanosecond, according to sampling theorem, in order to waveform can be reduced, it is even higher that the sample frequency of A/D sample circuit needs to reach hundreds of megahertz, the data volume of gained is very large, the mass storage needing read or write speed fast is supporting with it, and therefore often circuit is complicated, volume large and cost is high, limits its application in three-dimensional imaging laser scanner.So Low-cost, high precision, integrated Full wave shape digital detecting device are significant and practical value.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Full wave shape digital detecting device, this device has the features such as high precision, integrated, low cost, can be applicable in three-dimensional imaging laser scanner.
Concrete solution of the present invention is as follows
Described Full wave shape digital detecting device, comprises a constant fraction discriminator and screens module, a time figure modular converter, a data interface module and a data memory module.
Described constant fraction discriminator screens module, and to comprise N (N >=3) individual triggering rear along discriminator than different than different forward position discriminator and N number of triggering, identifies respectively to equal corresponding discriminator along upper voltage amplitude and the ratio of crest voltage amplitude before and after pulse and trigger a series of moment corresponding to the point of ratio: start time, the stop timing 1, stop timing 2 ..., stop timing 2N-1.
Described time figure modular converter has passage when the impulse meter high precision identical with 2N-1 structure is surveyed.Impulse meter record survey the sequence number of pulse.2N-1 passage when surveying measure respectively time interval T1 between above-mentioned start time and each stop timing, T2 ..., T2N-1.During each survey, passage adopts digital counting to measure in conjunction with digital delay line interpolation method, be number No complete cycle comprised in the counter records time interval Tn to be measured of To with reference clock cycle, the time interval of former and later two not enough one-periods of the time interval to be measured, send into respectively by a string time delay be all τ delay unit composition two postpone insert circuit measure, the time interval obtaining these two not enough one-periods comprises number Na, the Nb of unit interval τ.The time interval calculates according to the following formula:
Tn=NoTo+(Na-Nb)τ
Described data interface module is integrated the data that time figure modular converter records and stored in data memory module, provide in addition can with computing machine, the data-interface that the ppus such as DSP connect.
Described time figure modular converter and data interface module realize on one piece of programmable logic chip.
Described data memory module comprises the massive store chip with high-speed read-write port.
Apply the method that above-mentioned Full wave shape digital detecting device obtains echo waveform, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, moment are differentiated:
One group N number of trigger than the forward position discriminator increased progressively and one group N number of trigger than successively decrease rear to identify pulse front edge voltage amplitude and crest voltage amplitude ratio respectively along discriminator be that to trigger moment corresponding to the point of ratio and pulse back edge voltage amplitude and crest voltage amplitude ratio be correspondingly trigger moment corresponding to the point of ratio along discriminator, the signal in output these moment of sign a: commencing signal and a series of stop signal afterwards to corresponding forward position discriminator: stop signal 1, stop signal 2 ..., stop signal 2N-1.
Step 2, time interval measurement:
By described commencing signal and described stop signal 1, stop signal 2 ... stop signal 2N-1 sends in 2N-1 passage of time figure modular converter respectively, each passage measures the time interval between commencing signal rising edge and the stop signal rising edge sending into this passage respectively, obtain a series of time interval T1, T2 ..., T2N-1 digital conversion value., commencing signal is sent in impulse meter, the sequence number of the pulse measured by impulse meter record meanwhile.
Step 3, data store
The data such as the time interval that time figure modular converter records by data interface module, pulse sequence number are carried out packing and are integrated, and send into data memory module and store, provide the data-interface of ppu simultaneously.The processor such as computing machine, DSP reads above-mentioned measurement data by data-interface, and carries out computing, and reduction pulse waveform, obtains pulse width.
Compared with A/D sample circuit, advantage of the present invention is as follows:
First, a series of moment is got to rear edge from pulse front edge, when the method measuring first time interval of moment respectively and thereafter between each moment ensure that each ranging pulse shape, the rising edge of paired pulses and negative edge have a certain number of employing point respectively, when being equivalent to pulse width difference, sampling sample frequency adjusts automatically, solves the certain A/D sample circuit of frequency of operation due to sampling frequency and does not meet the problem that sampling theorem causes signal to recover.
Second, the core of screening module due to constant fraction discriminator is high speed voltage comparator, and time figure modular converter and data interface module are in the upper realization of one piece of field programmable logic chip (FPGA), add the measurement data only needing fixed number sampled point on recording impulse, compare A/D sample circuit sample record within a period of time, the data volume stored is little, therefore, device volume is little, lightweight, integrated level is high, and cost performance is high.
3rd, due to field programmable logic chip (FPGA) has can the characteristic of overprogram, therefore the port number of time figure modular converter can change flexibly, corresponding increase or reduce after moment discriminator, and device can increase with comparalive ease or reduce sampling spot.In addition, device can also must add other function flexibly according to demand.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing A/D sample circuit principle of work
Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of Full wave shape digital detecting device
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of Full wave shape digital detecting device embodiment
Fig. 4 is the measuring method of a time figure modular converter of the present invention passage
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of a passage in time figure modular converter
Five, embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and a specific embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is described further.But should not limit the scope of the invention with this.
With reference to figure 2, Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of Full wave shape digital detecting device, N=3 in the present embodiment, the measurement of pulse shape is converted to the measurement in five time intervals, be respectively the time interval T1 between moment corresponding with pulse front edge 50% crest voltage in moment corresponding to pulse front edge 10% crest voltage, time interval T2 between the moment that moment corresponding to pulse front edge 10% crest voltage is corresponding with pulse front edge 90% crest voltage, time interval T3 between the moment that moment corresponding to pulse front edge 10% crest voltage is corresponding with pulse back edge 90% crest voltage, time interval T4 between the moment that moment corresponding to pulse front edge 10% crest voltage is corresponding with pulse back edge 50% crest voltage and the time interval T5 between moment corresponding with pulse back edge 10% crest voltage in moment corresponding to pulse front edge 10% crest voltage.
With reference to the structured flowchart that figure 3, Fig. 3 is Full wave shape digital detecting device embodiment, Full wave shape digital detecting device comprises a constant fraction discriminator and screens module 1, time figure modular converter 2, data interface module 3 and a data memory module 4.
The constant fraction discriminator of described Full wave shape digital detecting device is screened module 1 and is comprised six constant fraction discriminator discriminators: the moment that pulse front edge 10% crest voltage is corresponding differentiated by forward position discriminator 11, exports a commencing signal; The moment that pulse front edge 50% crest voltage is corresponding differentiated by forward position discriminator 12, exports stop signal 1; The moment that pulse front edge 90% crest voltage is corresponding differentiated by forward position discriminator 13, exports stop signal 2; Differentiate along discriminator 14 moment that pulse back edge 90% crest voltage is corresponding afterwards, export stop signal 3; Differentiate along discriminator 15 moment that pulse back edge 50% crest voltage is corresponding afterwards, export stop signal 4; Differentiate along discriminator 16 moment that pulse back edge 10% crest voltage is corresponding afterwards, export stop signal 5.
Three forward position discriminators 11, 12, the structure of 13 is identical, by chronotron 111, attenuator 112 and comparer 113 form, pulse signal is input to chronotron and attenuator simultaneously, the in-phase input end of the signal input comparator after time delay, the inverting input of the signal input comparator after decay, the triggering ratio of discriminator equals attenuation coefficient, adjustment forward position discriminator 11, 12, the attenuator factor of 13, make to trigger than being respectively 0.1, 0.5, when 0.9, the commencing signal exported, stop signal 1, it is 10% of crest voltage amplitude that the rising edge of stop signal 2 characterizes input pulse rising edge voltage amplitude respectively, 50%, the moment at 90% place.Along discriminator 14 after three, 15, the structure of 16 is identical, also by chronotron 111, attenuator 112 and comparer 113 form, pulse signal is input to after attenuator again through the in-phase input end of chronotron input comparator, the inverting input of input comparator while of signal, the triggering ratio of discriminator equals attenuation coefficient, along discriminator 14 after adjustment, 15, the attenuator factor of 16, make to trigger than being respectively 0.9, 0.5, when 0.1, the stop signal 3 exported, stop signal 4, it is 90% of crest voltage amplitude that the rising edge of stop signal 5 characterizes input pulse negative edge voltage amplitude respectively, 50%, the moment at 10% place.
The time figure modular converter 2 of described Full wave shape digitalizer comprises passage when impulse meter 20 and passage 21, passage 22, passage 23, passage 24,25 5, passage are surveyed.Impulse meter 20, to beginning signal-count, obtains the serial number data of pulse 1 byte to be measured, and passage 21, passage 22, passage 23, passage 24, passage 25 be measuring intervals of TIME T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 respectively, and each passage obtains 3 byte datas.
Described time figure modular converter 2 is in the upper realization of a slice field programmable gate array (FPGA), and during five surveys, the structure of passage is identical with measuring principle.Time interval measurement principle is as Fig. 4, time interval Tn between commencing signal rising edge and stop signal n (n=1,2,3,4,5) rising edge is divided into three parts by comparing with reference clock signal, the time interval NoTo of the integer clock period adopting counting method measurement to obtain and be less than the time interval Ta and Tb of one-period, Ta and Tb sends into identical resolution respectively and is in two delay line module of τ and carries out time delay interpolation calculation, obtain Integer N a and Nb, like this, time interval Tn can be calculated by following formula:
Tn=NoTo+(Na-Nb)τ
Its theoretical measuring error is ± τ.
Each passage of described time figure modular converter 2 comprises the identical pre-process circuit 31,32 of two structures, delay insertion circuit 41,42 and 8 digit counter 51 that two structures are identical.With reference to figure 5, two output terminals of pre-process circuit 31 and two output terminals of pre-process circuit 32 respectively access delay insert two input ends of circuit 41 and postpone to insert two input ends of circuit 12.In pre-process circuit 31,32 output of the trigger that clock end is connected with reference clock signal after an XOR gate as the enable signal of 8 digit counters 51.Postpone to insert lag line that circuit 41 and 42 forms by 24 delay cells 411 and coding circuit 412 forms, each delay cell 411 comprises the time delay impact damper and a low level trigger that a time delay is τ, and the output of low level trigger is connected with the input of coding circuit 412.The State-output of 24 on delay line is converted to the binary numeral of 8 by coding circuit 112.The data that circuit 11,42 exports a byte are respectively inserted in counter 51 and delay.
The data that the described data interface module 3 pairs of time data modular converters 2 export carry out packing integration and stored in data memory module 4.Externally can export data by processor simultaneously, carry out subsequent treatment.According to the voltage peak ratio in each moment and the reducible pulse shape of the time interval between the moment, when pulsewidth is defined as full width at half maximum, can be calculated by formula T4-T1.
The measuring method for waveform applying above-mentioned Full wave shape digitalizer is as follows:
Step 1: the moment is differentiated
Adopt constant fraction discriminator screening techniques, obtain and characterize pulse front edge voltage amplitude the moment that each point place of to be crest voltage amplitude 10%, 50%, 90% and pulse back edge voltage amplitude be crest voltage amplitude 90%, 50%, 10% is corresponding: commencing signal and stop signal 1 ~ stop signal 5, convert the measurement of the time interval T1 ~ T5 of commencing signal respectively and between stop signal 1 ~ stop signal 5 like this to by the measurement of waveform.
Step 2: time interval measurement
Time interval T1 ~ T5 sends into respectively in passage 21 ~ passage 25 and measures, the measuring process of each passage is, commencing signal and stop signal n are first by pre-process circuit 31, after 32, the time interval between two signal rising edges is divided into three parts: Part I produces a signal strobe, width equals the time interval between moment corresponding to moment and reference clock after stop signal n rising edge first rising edge corresponding to reference clock first rising edge after commencing signal rising edge, deliver to the Enable Pin of counter 51, counter 51 records the reference clock number No filled in gate, if reference clock cycle is To, then be spaced apart NoTo during this period of time, Part II is commencing signal rising edge and the time interval thereafter between reference clock first rising edge, sends into and postpones to insert circuit 41, carry out interpolation, obtain numerical value of N a with the delay time τ of delay unit, thus obtains this part time interval and equal Na τ, Part III is stop signal n rising edge and the time interval thereafter between reference clock first rising edge, sends into and postpones to insert circuit 42, carry out interpolation, obtain numerical value of N b with the delay time τ of delay unit, thus obtains this part time interval and equal Nb τ.The time interval between commencing signal rising edge and stop signal n rising edge can be calculated by aforesaid formula Tn=NoTo+ (Na-Nb) τ.
Step 3: data store
Each passage of time figure modular converter 2 is obtained counter 1 byte by data interface module 3, each 1 byte data of circuit is inserted in two delays, five passages export 15 byte datas altogether, add 1 byte data of impulse meter, totally 16 byte datas carry out packing integration, send in data memory module 4, complete the digitized measurement of a pulse waveform.

Claims (3)

1. a Full wave shape digital detecting device, is characterized in that comprising a constant fraction discriminator screens module, time figure modular converter, a data interface module and a data memory module.
Described constant fraction discriminator screens module, and to comprise N (N >=3) individual triggering rear along discriminator than different than different forward position discriminator and N number of triggering, is used for screening a series of moment corresponding to point of triggering ratio along upper voltage amplitude and crest voltage amplitude ratio for corresponding discriminator before and after pulse respectively: start time, the stop timing 1, stop timing 2 ..., stop timing 2N-1.
Described time figure modular converter has an impulse meter and 2N-1 Measurement channel.Impulse meter record survey the sequence number of pulse, 2N-1 Measurement channel measure respectively in above-mentioned a series of moment start time and the time interval T1 thereafter between each stop timing, T2 ..., T2N-1.Each Measurement channel comprises two pre-process circuits, circuit and a counter are inserted in delay that two structures are identical.
Described data interface module is integrated the data that time figure modular converter records and stored in data memory module, provide in addition can with computing machine, the data-interface that the ppus such as DSP connect.
2. Full wave shape digital detecting device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described time figure modular converter and data interface module are in the upper realization of one piece of programmable logic chip (FPGA).
3. adopt the measuring method of Full wave shape digital detecting device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method specific implementation step is as follows:
Step one, moment are differentiated:
Identifying pulse front edge voltage amplitude and crest voltage amplitude ratio respectively along discriminator after one group of forward position discriminator and one group is that to trigger moment corresponding to the point of ratio and pulse back edge voltage amplitude and crest voltage amplitude ratio be correspondingly trigger moment corresponding to the point of ratio along discriminator afterwards to corresponding forward position discriminator, export characterize these moment signal: commencing signal, stop signal 1, stop signal 2 ..., stop signal 2N-1.
Step 2, time interval measurement:
The time interval between commencing signal and a series of stop signal is sent into respectively in 2N-1 passage of time figure modular converter and measure, adopt digital counting method in conjunction with digital delay line interpolation method, be first the reference clock cycle number No of To with the cycle in counting method record time interval Tn to be measured, the time interval connecting a not enough one-period around the time interval to be measured, two delays that the delay unit that feeding is τ by a string time delay respectively forms are inserted circuit and are measured, obtain the number Na comprising unit interval τ respectively, Nb, simultaneously, the sequence number of impulse meter record pulse to be measured.
Step 3, data store
The data such as the time interval that time figure modular converter obtains, pulse sequence number are packed by data interface module after integration, send into data memory module and store.Data interface module provides the data-interface of ppu simultaneously.The processor such as computing machine, DSP reads above-mentioned measurement data by data-interface, the measured value by following formula computing time:
Tn=NoTo+(Na-Nb)τ
Again according to the voltage amplitude in each moment and the ratio of crest voltage amplitude, reduction pulse shape, obtains pulse width.
CN201310271976.8A 2013-06-27 2013-06-27 Full-waveform digital detection device Pending CN104251986A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105486934A (en) * 2015-12-23 2016-04-13 北京握奇智能科技有限公司 Method and system for detecting leading edge of pulse waveform based on straight line fitting
CN105931414A (en) * 2016-06-20 2016-09-07 福州台江区超人电子有限公司 Warehouse fire alarm control system
CN107976480A (en) * 2016-12-29 2018-05-01 王海燕 A kind of high precision time measurement method of time of-flight mass spectrometer
CN109298622A (en) * 2017-07-25 2019-02-01 精工爱普生株式会社 IC apparatus, physical amount measuring device, electronic equipment and moving body
CN109298408A (en) * 2018-11-22 2019-02-01 深圳天眼激光科技有限公司 Laser scanner control system
CN109521413A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-03-26 天津大学 Full wave shape suitable for laser radar obtains circuit
CN112051442A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-12-08 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 Method for improving time parameter measurement speed in microwave peak power measurement
CN112379381A (en) * 2020-09-01 2021-02-19 南京理工大学 Laser ranging circuit
CN116915821A (en) * 2023-07-25 2023-10-20 河南省通信建设管理咨询有限公司 Engineering management platform based on 5G

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105486934B (en) * 2015-12-23 2019-04-02 北京握奇智能科技有限公司 A kind of method and system of the impulse waveform leading edge detection based on straight line fitting
CN105486934A (en) * 2015-12-23 2016-04-13 北京握奇智能科技有限公司 Method and system for detecting leading edge of pulse waveform based on straight line fitting
CN105931414A (en) * 2016-06-20 2016-09-07 福州台江区超人电子有限公司 Warehouse fire alarm control system
CN107976480A (en) * 2016-12-29 2018-05-01 王海燕 A kind of high precision time measurement method of time of-flight mass spectrometer
CN109298622A (en) * 2017-07-25 2019-02-01 精工爱普生株式会社 IC apparatus, physical amount measuring device, electronic equipment and moving body
CN109298622B (en) * 2017-07-25 2022-03-08 精工爱普生株式会社 Integrated circuit device, physical quantity measuring device, electronic apparatus, and moving object
CN109521413A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-03-26 天津大学 Full wave shape suitable for laser radar obtains circuit
CN109298408A (en) * 2018-11-22 2019-02-01 深圳天眼激光科技有限公司 Laser scanner control system
CN112051442A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-12-08 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 Method for improving time parameter measurement speed in microwave peak power measurement
CN112051442B (en) * 2020-08-05 2023-08-25 中电科思仪科技股份有限公司 Method for improving time parameter measurement speed in microwave peak power measurement
CN112379381A (en) * 2020-09-01 2021-02-19 南京理工大学 Laser ranging circuit
CN112379381B (en) * 2020-09-01 2023-12-19 南京理工大学 Laser ranging circuit
CN116915821A (en) * 2023-07-25 2023-10-20 河南省通信建设管理咨询有限公司 Engineering management platform based on 5G
CN116915821B (en) * 2023-07-25 2024-03-12 河南省通信建设管理咨询有限公司 Engineering management platform based on 5G

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