CN104246292A - 多级变速器 - Google Patents

多级变速器 Download PDF

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CN104246292A
CN104246292A CN201380020880.2A CN201380020880A CN104246292A CN 104246292 A CN104246292 A CN 104246292A CN 201380020880 A CN201380020880 A CN 201380020880A CN 104246292 A CN104246292 A CN 104246292A
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gear
clutch
planet
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speed
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CN104246292B (zh
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彼得·齐默
斯特凡·贝克
蒂莫·韦伦
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F16H3/666—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another with compound planetary gear units, e.g. two intermeshing orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H2003/442—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion comprising two or more sets of orbital gears arranged in a single plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0008—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for front-wheel-driven vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0052—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising six forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2043—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with five engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/2094—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using positive clutches, e.g. dog clutches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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Abstract

说明了一种二级的多级变速器，其中，第一行星齿轮组(1)包括两个径向相互嵌套的传动次级。该第一行星齿轮组具有内太阳轮(11)、内行星齿轮(12)、在内齿圈(13)、与在内齿圈(13)抗相对转动地连接的外太阳轮(14)、外行星齿轮(15)和在外齿圈(16)、以及行星架(17)，内行星齿轮(12)和外行星齿轮(15)支承在该行星架上。在内齿圈(13)或者说外太阳轮(14)与第二行星齿轮组(2)的齿圈(24)抗相对转动地连接并且能经由制动器(42)固定。此外，第二行星齿轮组(2)具有彼此啮合的内(22)和外(23)行星齿轮，它们支承在行星架(25)上。

Description

多级变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种行星结构形式的二级的多级变速器，尤其用于机动车，该二级的多级变速器包括：
-第一行星齿轮组，其具有内太阳轮，与内太阳轮啮合的内行星齿轮，与内行星齿轮啮合的在内齿圈，与在内齿圈抗相对转动(drehfest)地连接的外太阳轮、与外太阳轮啮合的外行星齿轮和与外行星齿轮啮合的在外齿圈、以及行星架，内行星齿轮和外行星齿轮支承在该行星架上，以及
-第二行星齿轮组，其具有太阳轮、与太阳轮啮合的内行星齿轮、与内行星齿轮啮合的外行星齿轮和与外行星齿轮啮合的齿圈、以及行星架，行星齿轮支承在该行星架上。
背景技术
这类多级变速器优选用作机动车的自动变速器，其中，通过有针对性地操作换挡元件限定出行星齿轮组内在相应的挡位级中作用的功率流。在此，在自动变速器中，行星齿轮组通常还与承受滑差作用的并且有选择地配设有锁止离合器的起动元件，例如液力变矩器或液力耦合器连接。
原则上，由US 5,429,557 A公知了一种上述类型的二级的多级变速器，在该多级变速器中，第一行星齿轮组包括两个在径向上相互嵌套的传动次级(Getriebe-Substufe)，该第一行星齿轮组与传统结构形式的第二行星齿轮组联接。这个已公知的多级变速器的不足之处在于其各单个组件的互连方式，尤其是两个齿轮组的联接比较复杂。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是说明一种改进的多级变速器，尤其是应简化两个行星齿轮组之间的联接。
本发明的任务通过上述类型的二级的多级变速器来解决，其中，
-第一行星齿轮组的太阳轮能经由第一离合器与驱动装置联接，
-第二行星齿轮组的行星架能经由第一制动器与壳体联接，
-第二行星齿轮组的太阳轮抗相对转动地与驱动装置连接，并且第二行星齿轮组的齿圈抗相对转动地与第一行星齿轮组的在内齿圈以及外太阳轮连接，
-第一行星齿轮组的在内齿圈和外太阳轮能经由第二制动器与壳体联接，
-第一行星齿轮组的行星架能经由第三制动器与壳体联接，
-第一行星齿轮组的行星架能经由第二离合器与驱动装置联接，并且
-第一行星齿轮组的在外齿圈抗相对转动地与输出装置连接。
通过选定的布置方式实现了能够从外面很容易触及换挡元件，也就是变速器侧的制动器和离合器。因此，促动器，例如电动机、液压阀、液压泵和类似装置可以布置在换挡元件附近，由此可以减小机械和/或液力的损耗，并且可以使得用来操作换挡元件所需的能量较小。同样，也可以需要很少的能量以使换挡元件保持在其各当前的运行状态下，也就是说保持打开或闭合，这是因为例如由于很短的线路压力损耗也是很小的。因此，换挡元件也可以布置在壳体上并且因此至少部分地抗相对转动地(drehfest)布置，由此可以完全地或者部分地避免将固定线路与转动线路连接起来的密封。
能容易触及的换挡元件的空间布置也简化了通过用例如能比较简单地符合需求地驱控的、机电式或电液压式操作的制动器和离合器来取代常见的液压式操作的片式离合器或片式制动器。能容易触及的换挡元件一方面是将轴与壳体抗相对转动地联接的制动器，但也是多级变速器的外置的轴上的，优选驱动轴或输出轴上的换挡元件，为了操作所需的液压流体可以比较简单地输送给它们。
除了这个特性以外，提到的多级变速器同时也还具有很好的啮合效率、仅很小的构件负载、尤其是低的行星齿轮组力矩和换挡元件力矩、低的绝对转速和相对转速以及很少的构造耗费。后者能够实现仅具有很小的重量和低成本的多级变速器实现方案。特别是所介绍的变速器的结构长度极短。因此，多级变速器优选实现为横向前置(Front-Quer)构造形式的驱动装置。尤其是由于结构长度很短，该变速器也可以用于混合动力驱动装置(例如内燃机和电机)。最后，多级变速器也能够实现很好的传动比序列，也就是好用的挡位分级。
一般来说，提到的多级变速器包括两个行星齿轮组、两个离合器和三个制动器。通过操作各两个换挡元件(制动器和/或离合器)可以切换六个前进挡和一个倒挡。
液力变矩器、液力离合器、附加的起动离合器、整合的起动离合器或起动制动器和/或附加的电机都可以用作起动元件。
可以自由选择各个齿轮组和换挡元件的几何位置(顺序)，只要允许这些元件的可连接性。因此，各个元件可以任意地在它们的位置上移动。
附图说明
由从属权利要求以及结合附图的描述得到多级变速器的其他有利变型方案。为了更好地理解本发明，结合以下附图详细阐述本发明。在附图中分别以非常示意性简化的视图：
图1示出根据本发明的多级变速器的示意性示出的第一变型方案，以及
图2示出穿过根据本发明的多级变速器的横截面图。
首先规定，在不同描述的实施方式中，相同的部件配设有相同的附图标记或相同的构件名称，其中，在整个说明中所包含的公开内容可以照此类推地转换为具有相同附图标记或相同构件名称的相同部件。在说明中选定的位置说明，例如上、下、侧向等等涉及到直接说明以及所示的附图，并且在位置改变的情况下可以照此类推地转换为新的位置。此外，所示的和所描述的不同实施例中的单个特征或特征组合也可以是独立的、具有创造性的或者根据本发明的解决方案。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的具有两个行星齿轮组的多级变速器的示意性示出的第一变型方案。
第一行星齿轮组包括内太阳轮11、与内太阳轮11啮合的内行星齿轮12、与内行星齿轮12啮合的在内齿圈13、与在内齿圈13抗相对转动地连接的外太阳轮14、与外太阳轮14啮合的外行星齿轮15和与外行星齿轮15啮合的在外齿圈16、以及行星架17，内行星齿轮12和外行星齿轮15支承在该行星架上。
在该实施例中，第二行星齿轮组2构造成正轮组(Plus-Radsatz)。因此，该第二行星齿轮组包括太阳轮21、与太阳轮21啮合的内行星齿轮22、与内行星齿轮22啮合的外行星齿轮23、以及行星架25，行星齿轮22、23支承在该行星架上，并且外行星齿轮23与齿圈24啮合。通过选定的构造形式，有利地得到了第二行星齿轮组的行星齿轮22和23的比较小的转速。
在根据图1的多级变速器中，
-第一行星齿轮组1的太阳轮11能经由第一离合器31与驱动装置51联接，
-第二行星齿轮组2的行星架25能经由第一制动器41与壳体53联接，
-第二行星齿轮组2的太阳轮21抗相对转动地与驱动装置51连接，并且第二行星齿轮组2的齿圈24抗相对转动地与第一行星齿轮组1的在内齿圈13以及外太阳轮14连接，
-第一行星齿轮组1的在内齿圈13和外太阳轮14能经由第二制动器42与壳体53联接，
-第一行星齿轮组1的行星架17能经由第三制动器43与壳体53联接，
-第一行星齿轮组1的行星架17能经由第二离合器32与驱动装置51联接，并且
-第一行星齿轮组1的在外齿圈16抗相对转动地与输出装置52连接。
此外，在图1中还示出了布置在第一行星齿轮组1与第二行星齿轮组2之间的轴承54、电机的与多级变速器的壳体53抗相对转动地连接的定子55、电机的与驱动装置51抗相对转动地连接的转子56、以及接在驱动系中的可选的减振器57。最后，还设置有第三离合器33，以便有选择地利用电机55、56或者与减振器57连接的内燃机(未示出)来产生运动。显然，如果在驱动侧仅设置有电机55、56，那么可以省去离合器33。一般来说，如随后还将进行阐述的那样，在使用内燃机的情况下也可以省去离合器33。
以下挡位能够通过操作如下指定的元件进行切换：
-第一挡位通过第一离合器31和第三制动器43，
-第二挡位通过第一离合器31和第二制动器42，
-第三挡位通过第一离合器31和第一制动器41，
-第四挡位通过第一离合器31和第二离合器32，
-第五挡位通过第二离合器32和第一制动器41，
-第六挡位通过第二离合器32和第二制动器42，并且
-倒挡通过第一制动器41和第三制动器43，
其中，未提到的元件分别是未被操作的或者说是打开的。
在多级变速器的一种特别优选的实施方式中，
-第一行星齿轮组1在内太阳轮11与在内齿圈12之间的传动比等于-2.5，并且
-第一行星齿轮组1在外太阳轮11与在外齿圈12之间的传动比等于-1.46，并且
-第二行星齿轮组2在太阳轮41与齿圈42之间的传动比等于+2.5。
以该方式得到挡位的特别有利的分级。
原则上，所有换挡元件都可以摩擦锁合地(reibschlüssig)或形状锁合地(formschlüssig)作用。但有利的是，如在本实施例中示出的那样，第三制动器43实现为爪式制动器，而第一离合器31和第一制动器41实现为摩擦换挡元件。在此也有利的是，第一离合器31和第一制动器41构造为起动元件。由此，在第三制动器43上不会出现摩擦损耗。同时，可以省去通常所使用的形式为单独的离合器33的起动元件。因此，变速器构造得特别短。结合上面列举的换挡位置，第一离合器31在第1挡位中用作起动元件，而第一制动器41在倒挡中用作起动元件。有利的是，第一离合器31的支撑系数(Stützfaktor)(离合力矩或制动力矩与变速器输入力矩之间的比例)在该变速器装置中等于1，而第一制动器41的支撑系数甚至小于1。
但是，例如也能想到的是，第三制动器43实现为摩擦换挡元件，而第一离合器31实现为爪式离合器。在此也有利的是，第三制动器43构造为起动元件。由此，在第一离合器31上不会出现摩擦损耗。同时，可以省去通常所使用的形式为单独的离合器33的起动元件。因此，变速器在该情况下也构造得特别短。
当然，在上述两种情况下使用爪式离合器或爪式制动器并不是强制性的。而是也能够想到使用轻微热负载的摩擦换挡元件。
图2现在示出了一种与在图1中示意性示出的实施方式相应的多级变速器的截面图。
在该示例中，在输出侧此外还设置有圆柱齿轮传动级。此外，在图2中还可以看到通过第一齿轮组1的在外齿圈16驱动的第一圆柱齿轮58，该第一圆柱齿轮与第二圆柱齿轮59啮合，并且该第一圆柱齿轮支承在轴承54上。在多级变速器的该构造形式中，尤其得到以下优点，即，通过第一圆柱齿轮58的支承也在轴向上锁定住第一齿轮组1的在外齿圈16。此外，通过选定的构造形式还可以在轴向上锁定住第一齿轮组1的与外太阳轮14组合的在内齿圈13和第二齿轮组2的齿圈24，而无需大的构造耗费。
也特别有利的是，到变速器的外供油系统的接口60如图2所示的那样仅由一个或者多个布置在驱动轴51中的并且通向驱动侧的孔61和一个或多个通向输出侧的孔62形成。例如可以通过在驱动轴51中的一个或多个通向驱动侧的孔61以及一个或多个其他纵向孔62进行对压力油、润滑油和/或冷却油的引导。由此可以省去通常所使用的在背离驱动装置的侧上的径向孔。也就是说，以该方式可以进一步减小变速器的结构长度。
附图标记列表
1  第一行星齿轮组
2  第二行星齿轮组
11 第一行星齿轮组的内太阳轮
12 第一行星齿轮组的内行星齿轮
13 第一行星齿轮组的在内齿圈
14 第一行星齿轮组的外太阳轮
15 第一行星齿轮组的外行星齿轮
16 第一行星齿轮组的在外齿圈
17 第一行星齿轮组的行星架
21 第二行星齿轮组的太阳轮
22 第二行星齿轮组的内行星齿轮
23 第二行星齿轮组的外行星齿轮
24 第二行星齿轮组的齿圈
25 第二行星齿轮组的行星架
31 第一离合器
32 第二离合器
33 第三离合器
41 第一制动器
42 第二制动器
43 第三制动器
51 驱动装置/驱动轴
52 输出装置
53 壳体
54 轴承
55 电机的定子
56 电机的转子
57 减振器
58 第一圆柱齿轮
59 第二圆柱齿轮
60 用于供油的接口
61 油孔
62 油孔

Claims (8)

1.一种具有两个变速器齿轮组(1、2)的多级变速器，所述多级变速器包括：
-第一行星齿轮组(1)，所述第一行星齿轮组具有内太阳轮(11)、与所述内太阳轮(11)啮合的内行星齿轮(12)、与所述内行星齿轮(12)啮合的在内齿圈(13)、与所述在内齿圈(13)抗相对转动地连接的外太阳轮(14)、与所述外太阳轮(14)啮合的外行星齿轮(15)和与所述外行星齿轮(15)啮合的在外齿圈(16)、以及行星架(17)，所述内行星齿轮(12)和所述外行星齿轮(15)支承在所述行星架(17)上，
-第二行星齿轮组(2)，所述第二行星齿轮组具有太阳轮(21)、与所述太阳轮(21)啮合的内行星齿轮(22)、与所述内行星齿轮(22)啮合的外行星齿轮(23)和与所述外行星齿轮(23)啮合的齿圈(24)、以及行星架(25)，所述行星齿轮(22、23)支承在所述行星架(25)上，
其特征在于，
-所述第一行星齿轮组(1)的太阳轮(11)能经由第一离合器(31)与驱动装置(51)联接，
-所述第二行星齿轮组(2)的行星架(25)能经由第一制动器(41)与壳体(53)联接，
-所述第二行星齿轮组(2)的太阳轮(21)抗相对转动地与所述驱动装置(51)连接，并且所述第二行星齿轮组(2)的齿圈(24)抗相对转动地与所述第一行星齿轮组(1)的在内齿圈(13)以及外太阳轮(14)连接，
-所述第一行星齿轮组(1)的在内齿圈(13)和外太阳轮(14)能经由第二制动器(42)与所述壳体(53)联接，
-所述第一行星齿轮组(1)的行星架(17)能经由第三制动器(43)与所述壳体(53)联接，
-所述第一行星齿轮组(1)的行星架(17)能经由第二离合器(32)与所述驱动装置(51)联接，并且
-所述第一行星齿轮组(1)的在外齿圈(16)抗相对转动地与输出装置(52)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多级变速器，其特征在于，如下挡位能通过操作如下指定的元件进行切换：
-第一挡位通过第一离合器(31)和第三制动器(43)，
-第二挡位通过第一离合器(31)和第二制动器(42)，
-第三挡位通过第一离合器(31)和第一制动器(41)，
-第四挡位通过第一离合器(31)和第二离合器(32)，
-第五挡位通过第二离合器(32)和第一制动器(41)，
-第六挡位通过第二离合器(32)和第二制动器(42)，并且
-倒挡通过第一制动器(41)和第三制动器(43)，
其中，未提到的元件分别是未被操作的或者说是打开的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多级变速器，其特征在于，在输出侧设置有圆柱齿轮传动级(58、59)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的多级变速器，其特征在于，所述第三制动器(43)实施为爪式制动器，而所述第一离合器(31)和所述第一制动器(41)实施为摩擦换挡元件。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多级变速器，其特征在于，所述第一离合器(31)和所述第一制动器(41)构造为起动元件。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的多级变速器，其特征在于，所述第三制动器(43)实施为摩擦换挡元件，而所述第一离合器(31)实施为爪式离合器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的多级变速器，其特征在于，所述第三制动器(43)构造为起动元件。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的多级变速器，其特征在于，到所述变速器的外供油系统的接口(60)仅由一个或多个布置在所述驱动轴(51)中的并且引导至驱动侧的孔(61)和一个或多个引导至输出侧的孔(62)形成。
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CN109416107A (zh) * 2016-06-30 2019-03-01 腓特烈斯港齿轮工厂股份公司 用于机动车的变速器以及用于机动车的动力传动系
CN107763154A (zh) * 2016-08-19 2018-03-06 腓特烈斯港齿轮工厂股份公司 用于机动车的变速器以及用于机动车的动力传动系
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CN108150619A (zh) * 2017-10-18 2018-06-12 中国北方车辆研究所 一种七挡行星自动变速器
CN108194585A (zh) * 2017-10-18 2018-06-22 中国北方车辆研究所 一种七挡行星自动变速器
CN110657204A (zh) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-07 比亚迪股份有限公司 变速器、动力驱动系统及车辆
CN110657204B (zh) * 2018-06-29 2022-04-15 比亚迪股份有限公司 变速器、动力驱动系统及车辆

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WO2013159987A1 (de) 2013-10-31
ES2585061T3 (es) 2016-10-03
EP2841811B1 (de) 2016-04-27
US20150065290A1 (en) 2015-03-05

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