CN104245290A - 适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜和泡沫体 - Google Patents
适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜和泡沫体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104245290A CN104245290A CN201280063391.0A CN201280063391A CN104245290A CN 104245290 A CN104245290 A CN 104245290A CN 201280063391 A CN201280063391 A CN 201280063391A CN 104245290 A CN104245290 A CN 104245290A
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Abstract
本发明提供了适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体。包含根据本发明适合于毛细管作用流体输送的本发明的微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体具有第一端部和第二端部,并且包含:(a)包含热塑性材料的基体,和(b)在所述基体中从所述微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体的第一端部至第二端部平行设置的至少一个或多个通道,其中所述一个或多个通道彼此间隔至少1微米,并且其中所述一个或多个通道每个都具有至少1微米的直径;其中所述微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体具有2微米至2000微米的厚度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适合于毛细管作用流体输送(capillary action fluid transport)的微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体。
背景技术
毛细管作用或毛细现象是液体对抗重力流动的能力,其中液体自发地在狭窄的空间中例如在漆刷的刷毛之间、在细管中、在多孔材料例如纸张中、在一些无孔材料例如液化碳纤维中、或在细胞中上升。这种作用可以使液体对抗重力、太阳或任何影响流体流动的电磁场的力而流动。它是由于输送的液体与具有不同表面能的周围表面之间的分子间吸引力而发生。对于管的情况,如果管的直径足够小,则表面能(其由液体的内聚性引起)和液体与管壁之间的粘附力的结合起到提升液体的作用。
虽然存在许多基于毛细管作用的液体输送方法,但是仍然需要适合于毛细管作用流体输送的改进的微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体。
发明内容
本发明提供了适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体。包含根据本发明适合于毛细管作用流体输送的本发明的微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体具有第一端部和第二端部,并且包含:(a)包含热塑性材料的基体,和(b)在所述基体中从微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体的所述第一端部至第二端部平行设置的至少一个或多个通道,其中所述一个或多个通道彼此间隔至少1微米;其中所述一个或多个通道每个都具有至少1微米的直径;其中所述微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体具有2微米至2000微米的厚度。
在可替代的实施方式中,本发明提供了根据任何前述的实施方式的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体,不同之处在于热塑性材料选自聚烯烃例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯;聚酰胺例如尼龙6;聚偏二氯乙烯;聚偏二氟乙烯;聚碳酸酯;聚苯乙烯;聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯;聚氨酯和/或聚酯。
在可替代的实施方式中,本发明提供了根据任何前述的实施方式的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体,不同之处在于一个或多个通道具有选自圆形、矩形、椭圆形、星形、菱形、三角形、正方形等以及它们的组合的横截面形状。
在可替代的实施方式中,本发明提供了根据任何前述的实施方式的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体,不同之处在于使用包括雾化的(aerosoled)官能分子例如胺类(amines)、羟基类(hydroxyl)、烯丙基类(allyls)、丙烯酸类(acrylics)、氟类(fluorines)、有机硅(silicones)类等的介电阻挡放电的大气压等离子体或低压等离子体对微毛细管通道和任选地对微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体表面进行处理例如进行表面处理,以改变表面能。
附图说明
出于说明本发明的目的,其中在附图中示出的是示例性的形式;然而应当理解,本发明并不限于所示的精确布置和手段。
图1是本发明的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体的俯视图;
图2是本发明的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体的纵截面图;
图3a-e是本发明的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体的各种横截面图;
图4是本发明的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体的高位视图(elevated view);
图5是如图2所示的本发明的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体的纵截面图的一部分;
图6是本发明的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体的分解图;
图7a-b是微毛细管模头的示意图;
图8是说明样品DOW101-DOW112的张力计评估的结果的曲线图。
图9为张力计评估后样品的照片;和
图10是张力计评估后样品的另一张照片。
具体实施方式
参照附图,其中相同的数字表示相同的元件,在图1-6中示出适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)的第一实施方式。
根据本发明适合于毛细管作用流体输送的本发明的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)具有第一端部(14)和第二端部(16),并且包含:(a)包含热塑性材料的基体(18);(b)在所述基体(18)中从所述微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)的第一端部(14)至第二端部(16)平行设置的所述至少一个或多个通道(20),其中所述一个或多个通道(20)彼此间隔至少1微米,并且其中所述一个或多个通道(20)每个具有至少1微米的直径;其中所述微毛细管膜(10)具有2微米至2000微米的厚度。
适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)可具有2微米至2000微米的厚度;例如,适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)可具有的厚度为10至2000微米;或者在可替代的实施方式中为100至1000微米;或者在可替代的实施方式中为200至800微米;或者在可替代的实施方式中为200至600微米;或者在可替代的实施方式中为300至1000微米;或者在可替代的实施方式中为300至900微米;或者在可替代的实施方式中为300至700微米。膜厚度与微毛细管直径的比例为2:1至2000:1。如本文所使用的术语“微毛细管膜”是指膜以及带,并且可成形为管、棒或型材的形状。
基于适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)的总体积,适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)可包含至少10体积%的基体(18);例如,基于适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)的总体积,适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)可包含10体积%至80体积%的基体(18);或者在可替代的方式中,基于适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)的总体积,可包含20体积%至80体积%的基体(18);或者在可替代的方式中,基于适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)的总体积,可包含30体积%至80体积%的基体(18)。
基于适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)的总体积,适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)可包含20体积%至90体积%的空隙率;例如,基于适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)的总体积,适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)可包含20体积%至80体积%的空隙率;或者在可替代的方式中,基于适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)的总体积,可包含20体积%至70体积%的空隙率;或者在可替代的方式中,基于适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)的总体积,可包含30体积%-60体积%的空隙率。
本发明的微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)具有第一端部(14)和第二端部(16)。在基体(18)中从第一端部(14)至第二端部(16)平行设置至少一个或多个通道(20)。所述一个或多个通道(20)彼此间隔至少1微米。所述一个或多个通道(20)具有的直径为至少1微米;例如为1微米至1998微米;或者在可替代的方式中,为5至990微米;或者在可替代的方式中,为5至890微米;或者在可替代的方式中,为5至790微米;或者在可替代的方式中,为5至690微米,或者在可替代的方式中,为5至590微米。所述一个或多个通道(20)可具有选自圆形、矩形、椭圆形、星形、菱形、三角形、正方形等以及它们的组合的横截面形状。所述一个或多个通道(20)还可包括在第一端部(14)、第二端部(16)、介于第一端部(14)与第二端部(16)之间、和/或它们的组合处的一个或多个密封件。
通过经由例如等离子体表面处理、和/或化学接枝表面处理的微毛细管通道即(微毛细管内部)的表面处理或膜和/或泡沫体的表面处理或者它们的组合,可对微毛细管通道即(微毛细管内部)和任选地对微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)表面进行进一步改性。在一种实施方式中,在包括雾化的官能分子例如胺类、羟基类、烯丙基类、丙烯酸类、氟类、有机硅类树脂等的介电阻挡放电的大气压或低压等离子体中处理微毛细管通道即(微毛细管内部)和任选地处理微毛细管膜或泡沫体(10)表面,以改变表面能。表面处理可持续1秒至一小时例如1至60秒的时间段。可通过任何已知的方法来实现表面处理。
基体(18)包含一种或多种热塑性材料。这样的热塑性材料包括但不限于聚烯烃例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯;聚酰胺例如尼龙6;聚偏二氯乙烯;聚偏二氟乙烯;聚碳酸酯;聚苯乙烯;聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯;聚酯和聚氨酯。可通过例如玻璃纤维或碳纤维和/或任何其它无机填料例如滑石或碳酸钙来增强基体(18)。示例性的填料包括但不限于天然碳酸钙(包括白垩、方解石和大理石)、合成碳酸盐、镁和钙的盐、白云石、碳酸镁、碳酸锌、石灰、氧化镁、硫酸钡、重晶石、硫酸钙、二氧化硅、硅酸镁、滑石、硅灰石、粘土和铝硅酸盐、高岭土、云母、金属或碱土金属的氧化物或氢氧化物、氢氧化镁、氧化铁、氧化锌、玻璃或碳纤维或粉末,木纤维或粉末或这些化合物的混合物。
热塑性材料的实例包括但不限于一种或多种α-烯烃例如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、3-甲基-1-戊烯、1-庚烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯和1-十二碳烯的均聚物和共聚物(包括弹性体),如通常由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚-1-丁烯、聚-3-甲基-1-丁烯、聚-3-甲基-1-戊烯、聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物、和丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物表示的;α-烯烃与共轭或非共轭二烯的共聚物(包括弹性体),如通常由乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和乙烯-亚乙基降冰片烯共聚物所表示的;和聚烯烃(包括弹性体),例如两种或更多种α-烯烃与共轭或非共轭二烯的共聚物,如通常由乙烯-丙烯-丁二烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-二环戊二烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-1,5-己二烯共聚物、和乙烯-丙烯-亚乙基降冰片烯共聚物所表示的;乙烯-乙烯基化合物共聚物,例如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、乙烯-氯乙烯共聚物、乙烯丙烯酸或乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物;苯乙烯共聚物(包括弹性体),例如聚苯乙烯、ABS、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物、α-甲基苯乙烯-苯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯乙烯醇、苯乙烯丙烯酸酯,例如苯乙烯丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯甲基丙烯酸丁酯、和苯乙烯丁二烯和交联的苯乙烯聚合物;和苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(包括弹性体),例如苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物及其水合物,和苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物;聚乙烯基化合物,例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烯-偏二氯乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯酸甲酯、和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯;聚酰胺例如尼龙6、尼龙6,6、和尼龙12;热塑性聚酯例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯;聚氨酯;聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚等;和玻璃状基于烃的树脂,包括聚二环戊二烯聚合物和相关的聚合物(共聚物、三元共聚物);饱和单烯烃,例如乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、叔羧酸乙烯酯、和丁酸乙烯酯等;乙烯基酯,例如单羧酸的酯,包括丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸十二烷基酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸苯基酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、和甲基丙烯酸丁酯等;丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、它们的混合物;通过开环易位和交叉易位聚合等制备的树脂。这些树脂可单独或以两种或更多种的组合使用。
在选择的实施方式中,热塑性材料例如可包含选自乙烯-α烯烃共聚物、丙烯-α烯烃共聚物、和烯烃嵌段共聚物中的一种或多种聚烯烃。特别地,在选择的实施方式中,热塑性材料可包含一种或多种非极性聚烯烃。
在具体的实施方式中,可使用聚烯烃例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯、它们的共聚物、和它们的共混物、以及乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物。在一些实施方式中,示例性的烯烃聚合物包括均匀聚合物;高密度聚乙烯(HDPE);非均匀支化的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE);非均匀支化的超低线性密度聚乙烯(ULDPE);均匀支化的线性乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物;均匀支化的基本线型的乙烯/α-烯烃聚合物;和高压自由基聚合的乙烯聚合物和共聚物,例如低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)或乙烯乙酸乙烯酯聚合物(EVA)。
在一种实施方式中,所述乙烯-α烯烃共聚物例如可为乙烯-丁烯、乙烯-己烯、或乙烯-辛烯共聚物或互聚物。在其它的具体实施方式中,所述丙烯-α烯烃共聚物例如可为丙烯-乙烯或丙烯-乙烯-丁烯共聚物或互聚物。
在某些其它的实施方式中,热塑性材料例如可为半结晶聚合物,并且可具有小于110℃的熔点。在另一实施方式中,熔点可为25至100℃。在另一实施方式中,熔点可在40至85℃之间。
在一种具体的实施方式中,热塑性材料是丙烯/α-烯烃互聚物组合物,其包含丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物和任选地一种或多种聚合物例如无规共聚物聚丙烯(RCP)。在一种具体的实施方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物的特征在于具有基本上全同立构的丙烯序列。“基本上全同立构的丙烯序列”意味着该序列具有通过13C NMR测量的大于约0.85的全同立构三元组(triad)(毫米);在可替代的方式中,大于约0.90;在另一可替代的方式中,大于约0.92;并且在另一可替代的方式中,大于约0.93。全同立构三元组在本领域是公知的,并且在例如美国专利5,504,172和国际公开WO00/01745中得到描述,其是指对于由13C NMR谱确定的共聚物分子链中三元组单元而言的全同立构序列。
如根据ASTM D-1238测量(在230℃下/2.16千克)的,所述丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可具有0.1至500g/10分钟的熔体流动速率。在本文中包括并且在本文中公开了从0.1至500g/10分钟的所有单个值和子范围;例如,熔体流动速率可为从0.1g/10分钟、0.2g/10分钟、或0.5g/10分钟的下限值至500g/10分钟、200g/10分钟、100g/10分钟、或25g/10分钟的上限值。例如,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可具有0.1至200g/10分钟的熔体流动速率;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可具有0.2至100g/10分钟的熔体流动速率;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可具有0.2至50g/10分钟的熔体流动速率;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可具有0.5至50g/10分钟的熔体流动速率;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可具有1至50g/10分钟的熔体流动速率;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可具有1至40g/10分钟的熔体流动速率;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可具有1至30g/10分钟的熔体流动速率。
所述丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物具有从至少1重量%(至少2焦耳/克的熔化热)至30重量%(小于50焦耳/克的熔化热)的结晶度。在本文中包括并披露了从1重量%(至少2焦耳/克的熔化热)至30重量%(小于50焦耳/克的熔化热)的所有的单个值和子范围;例如,结晶度可为从1重量%(至少2焦耳/克的熔化热)、2.5%(至少4焦耳/克的熔化热)或3%(至少5焦耳/克的熔化热)的下限至30重量%(小于50焦耳/克的熔化热)、24重量%(小于40焦耳/克的熔化热)、15重量%(小于24.8焦耳/克的熔化热)或7重量%(小于11焦耳/克的熔化热)的上限。例如,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可以具有处于从至少1重量%(至少2焦耳/克的熔化热)至24重量%(小于40焦耳/克的熔化热)的范围内的结晶度;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可以具有处于从至少1重量%(至少2焦耳/克的熔化热)至15重量%(小于24.8焦耳/克的熔化热)的范围内的结晶度;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可以具有处于从至少1重量%(至少2焦耳/克的熔化热)至7重量%(小于11焦耳/克的熔化热)的范围内的结晶度;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可以具有处于从至少1重量%(至少2焦耳/克的熔化热)至5重量%(小于8.3焦耳/克的熔化热)的范围内的结晶度。通过DSC法测量结晶度。所述丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物包由丙烯衍生的单元和含由一种或多种α-烯烃共聚单体衍生的聚合单元。用来制造丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物的示例性共聚单体是C2和C4-C10α-烯烃;例如,C2、C4、C6和C8α-烯烃。
所述丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物包含从1至40重量%的一种或多种α-烯烃共聚单体。在本文中包含并披露了从1至40重量%的所有单个值和子范围;例如,共聚单体含量可以是从1重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、7重量%、或9重量%的下限至40重量%、35重量%、30重量%、27重量%、20重量%、15重量%、12重量%、或9重量%的上限。例如,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物包含从1至35重量%的一种或多种α-烯烃共聚单体;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物包含从1至30重量%的一种或多种α-烯烃共聚单体;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物包含从3至27重量%的一种或多种α-烯烃共聚单体;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物包含从3至20重量%的一种或多种α-烯烃共聚单体;或者在可替代的方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物包含从3至15重量%的一种或多种α-烯烃共聚单体。
丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物具有为3.5或更小、在可替代的方式中为3.0或更小、或在另一可替代的方式中为1.8至3.0的分子量分布(MWD),将该分子量分布(MWD)定义为重均分子量除以数均分子量(Mw/Mn)。
在美国专利6,960,635和6,525,157中进一步详细描述了这样的丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物,通过引用将其并入本文。这样的丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物以商品名VERSIFYTM可从The Dow Chemical Company商购,或以商品名VISTAMAXXTM可从ExxonMobil Chemical Company商购。
在一种实施方式中,丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物的特征还在于包含(A)以重量百分比计60至小于100、优选80至99、更优选85至99的得自丙烯的单元,和(B)以重量百分比计在大于零至40、优选在1至20、更优选4至16并且甚至更优选4至15的由得自乙烯和/或C4-10α-烯烃中的至少一种的单元;以及每1000个总碳包含平均至少为0.001个、优选平均至少为0.005个、更优选平均至少为0.01个长链支链。丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物中长链支链的最大数目并不重要,但其通常不超过每1000个总碳3个长链支链。如本文关于丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物所用的术语长链支链,是指比短链直链多至少一(1)个碳的链长度,并且如本文关于丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物所用的短链支链,是指比共聚单体中的碳原子数少两个(2)碳的链长度。例如,丙烯/1-辛烯互聚物具有长度为至少七(7)个碳的长链支链的主链,但这些主链还具有长度为仅六(6)个碳的短链支链。在美国临时专利申请60/988,999和国际专利申请PCT/US08/082599中进一步详细描述了这样的丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物,通过引用将其并入本文。
在某些其它的实施方式中,热塑性材料例如丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物例如可以是半结晶聚合物并且可以具有小于110℃的熔点。在优选的实施方式中,熔点可以为从25至100℃。在更优选的实施方式中,熔点可以在40至85℃之间。
在其它选择的实施方式中,可使用烯烃嵌段共聚物例如乙烯多嵌段共聚物作为热塑性材料,例如在国际公开WO2005/090427和美国专利申请公开US 2006/0199930中所描述的那些,通过以描述这样的烯烃嵌段共聚物和用于测量这样的聚合物在下面列出的那些性质的测试方法的程度引用将其并入本文。这样的烯烃嵌段共聚物可以是乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物:
(a)具有约1.7至约3.5的Mw/Mn、至少一个以摄氏度计的熔点Tm和以克/立方厘米计的密度d,其中Tm和d的数值对应于以下关系:
Tm>-2002.9+4538.5(d)-2422.2(d)2;或
(b)具有约1.7至约3.5的Mw/Mn,并且其特征在于以J/g计的熔化热ΔH和以摄氏度计的定义为最高的DSC峰与最高的CRYSTAF峰之间的温度差的Δ量,ΔT,其中,ΔT和ΔH的数值具有以下关系:
对于大于0且至多130J/g的ΔH,ΔT>-0.1299(ΔH)+62.81,
对于大于130J/g的ΔH,ΔT≥48℃,
其中,使用至少5%的累积聚合物确定CRYSTAF峰,并且如果小于5%的具有可识别的CRYSTAF峰的聚合物,则CRYSTAF温度为30℃;或
(c)特征在于用乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物的压塑膜测量的在300%应变和1个循环下以百分比计的弹性回复率Re,并且具有以克/立方厘米计的密度d,其中当乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物基本上不含交联相时,Re和d的数值满足下列关系:
Re>1481-1629(d);或
(d)具有当使用TREF分级时在40℃和130℃之间洗脱的分子量级分,其特征在于所述级分的共聚单体摩尔含量比与之相当的无规乙烯互聚物在相同温度之间洗脱的级分的共聚单体摩尔含量高至少5%,其中所述与之相当的无规乙烯互聚物具有相同的共聚单体,并且其熔体指数、密度和共聚单体摩尔含量(基于整个聚合物)与所述乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物的这些性质相差±10%以内;或
(e)具有在25°℃下的储能模量G'(25℃)和在100℃下的储能模量G'(100℃),其中G'(25℃)与G'(100℃)的比率为约1:1至约9:1。
这样的烯烃嵌段共聚物,例如乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物还可以:
(a)具有当使用TREF分级时在40℃和130℃之间洗脱的分子量级分,其特征在于该级分具有至少0.5且至多约1的嵌段指数和大于约1.3的分子量分布Mw/Mn;或
(b)具有大于0且至多约1.0的平均嵌段指数和大于约1.3的分子量分布Mw/Mn。
在一种实施方式中,基体(18)还可以包含发泡剂,从而促进形成泡沫材料。在一种实施方式中,所述基体可以是泡沫体,例如闭孔泡沫体。在另一种实施方式中,基体(18)还可以包括一种或多种填料,从而例如通过取向如双轴取向、或空化如单轴或双轴取向,或浸出即溶解填料来促进形成微孔基体。这样的填料包括但不限于天然碳酸钙,包括白垩、方解石和大理石、合成碳酸盐、镁和钙的盐、白云石、碳酸镁、碳酸锌、石灰、氧化镁、硫酸钡、重晶石、硫酸钙、二氧化硅、硅酸镁、滑石、硅灰石、粘土和硅酸铝,高岭土、云母、金属或碱土金属的氧化物或氢氧化物、氢氧化镁、氧化铁、氧化锌、玻璃或碳纤维或粉末、木纤维或粉末或这些化合物的混合物。
在制备中,挤出装置包括由电动机驱动的螺杆挤出机。如图7a和7b所示,将热塑性材料熔化并输送到模头(24)。如图7a和7b所示,熔融/半熔融的热塑性材料通过模头(24),并且被成形成所需的形状和横截面。参照图7a和7b,模头(24)包括入口部分(26)、收敛部分(28)和具有预定形状的孔(30)。熔融/半熔融的热塑性聚合物进入模头(24)的入口部分(26),并通过所述收敛部分(28)逐渐成型直至熔体离开孔(30)。模头(24)还包括喷嘴(32)。每个喷嘴(32)具有主体部分(34),在主体部分(34)中具有管道(36),管道(36)通过穿过模头(24)的壁的第二管道(40)与一种或多种气体例如空气或氮源(38)流体连接,在其周围的熔融/半熔融的热塑性材料必须流动通过孔(30)。喷嘴(30)还包括出口(42)。布置喷嘴(32)使得所出口(42)位于孔(30)中。随着熔融/半熔融的热塑性聚合物离开模头孔(30),将一种或多种气体例如空气或氮(12)注入熔融/半熔融的热塑性材料中,由此形成适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜和/或泡沫体。
可形成根据本发明的适合于毛细管作用流体运输的微毛细管膜或泡沫体,然后使其经受等离子体处理以对表面进行改性,例如形成等离子体涂层(12)。如本文所使用的等离子体涂层(12)可以是连续的、不连续的、和/或表面的集成部分(integrated part)。在可替代的方式中,可以将等离子体气体例如稀有气体(nobel gas)和/或氮注入到熔融/半熔融的热塑性材料中作为用于制备适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体的方法的一部分,并随后通过经由例如介电阻挡放电技术诱导等离子体形成在微毛细管中嵌入的气体或气体混合物,并且在过程中形成等离子体涂层和/或表面能改性(12),对微毛细管表面进行改性,。
可以在流体输送例如微灌溉中使用根据本发明的适合于毛细管作用流体运输的微细管膜或泡沫体。可以将根据本发明的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜或泡沫体成形成毛细管。毛细管是小型灌溉分配管(滴管),其被组装成滴柱(drip stake)以制备适用于现代温室园艺中的滴灌系统。这些毛细管可以以各种尺寸和长度获得,并且调整工作压力,就可以实现供水输送量。
可以将一种或多种本发明的适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微毛细管膜和/形式结合以形成多层结构体(例如层叠的多层结构体或共挤出的多层结构体)中的一个或多个层。适合于毛细管作用流体输送的微细管膜或泡沫体可以包含一排或多排平行的微毛细管(如图3所示的通道)。如图3所示,可以将通道(20)(微毛细管)布置在基体(10)中的任何地方。
实施例
下列实施例说明本发明,但不旨在限制本发明的范围。
使用由比利时的VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research开发的作为等离子体设备。该(1个40厘米宽的电极)根据以下规格操作:
表1
它由两个电极组成,其中上方的电极与高电压连接并且下方的电极接地。两个电极之间产生介电阻挡放电。为了对毛细管带的内侧进行表面处理,在毛细管中吹入特定的气体混合物。然后将毛细管带放置在等离子体区域中持续固定的时间,并且由此在毛细管内侧的表面上形成等离子体化学改性的表面或涂层。
评价了表2中指明为DOW101-DOW112的12种实验条件,并且结果示于图8中。DOW101-DOW110为具有通过气态前体处理过的微毛细管内侧的表面的样品。DOW111-DOW112为具有通过被雾化成非常细的气凝胶的液态前体处理过的微毛细管内侧的表面的样品。
表2
该气体混合物的主要组分是氮和少量(<1体积%)的作为等离子体引发气体的氦,以及取决于所需的官能团至多5体积%的氢和/或氨。
使用张力测试来评价不同的实验条件对毛细管内侧的亲水性行为的影响。在室温下将约7厘米高、32.5厘米宽和790微米厚的LLDPE DOWLEXTM2045G样品与42个每个具有400微米平均直径的微毛细管放入填充有去离子水的浴中。将样品浸渍2厘米,并且连续测量以重量计的吸水量。在2分钟浸渍后,将样品从水中取出并且目视检查吸水量,其结果示于图9中。
参照图10,用或不用具有诱发3-4米之间的毛细管上升的选项(假设直径为约5-10微米并且该管的表面张力等于液体的表面张力)的处理获得烃,一种非极性流体,其表面张力类似于聚烯烃树脂毛细管作用的表面张力。LLDPE DOWLEXTM2045G未处理的原型样品显示正己烷所具有的毛细管上升(18.43nM/m20℃)。对于400微米的毛细管观察到约35毫米的上升,而对于145微米的毛细管观察到约80毫米的上升。
可以以其它形式来实施本发明而不脱离其精神和本质属性,并且因此,应当参照所附的权利要求而不是前述的说明书来表示本发明的范围。
Claims (9)
1.具有第一端部和第二端部的微毛细管膜或泡沫体,其中所述膜包含:
(a)包含热塑性材料的基体,
(b)在所述基体中从所述膜的第一端部至第二端部平行设置的至少一个或多个通道,其中所述一个或多个通道彼此间隔至少1微米,并且其中所述一个或多个通道每个都具有至少1微米的直径;
其中所述膜具有2微米至2000微米的厚度。
2.根据权利要求1的微毛细管膜或泡沫体,其中所述热塑性材料选自聚烯烃;聚酰胺;聚偏二氯乙烯;聚偏二氟乙烯;聚氨酯;聚碳酸酯;聚苯乙烯;聚乙烯乙烯醇(PVOH),聚氯乙烯,聚乳酸(PLA)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
3.根据权利要求2的微毛细管膜或泡沫体,其中所述聚烯烃是聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
4.根据权利要求2的微毛细管膜或泡沫体,其中所述聚酰胺是尼龙6。
5.根据权利要求1的微毛细管膜或泡沫体,其中所述一个或多个通道具有选自圆形、矩形、椭圆形、星形、菱形、三角形、正方形等以及它们的组合的横截面形状。
6.根据权利要求1的微毛细管膜或泡沫体,其中对所述一个或多个通道和任选地对所述微毛细管膜或泡沫体表面进行表面处理。
7.一种多层结构,其包含根据权利要求1的微毛细管膜或泡沫体。
8.一种管或型材,其包含根据权利要求1的微毛细管膜或泡沫体。
9.一种制品,其包含根据权利要求1的微毛细管膜或泡沫体。
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- 2012-12-21 WO PCT/US2012/071116 patent/WO2013096714A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-12-21 CN CN201280063391.0A patent/CN104245290B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2012-12-21 BR BR112014015065A patent/BR112014015065A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN108093632A (zh) * | 2015-06-29 | 2018-05-29 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 用于原位生产柔性袋的微毛细管分配系统的方法 |
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Also Published As
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EP2794245A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
WO2013096714A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
CN104245290B (zh) | 2020-05-08 |
BR112014015065A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
US20150315345A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
US9701798B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
JP2015503467A (ja) | 2015-02-02 |
JP6196631B2 (ja) | 2017-09-13 |
EP2794245B1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
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