CN104237999B - Broadband terahertz wave polarization-maintaining transmission optical fiber - Google Patents

Broadband terahertz wave polarization-maintaining transmission optical fiber Download PDF

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CN104237999B
CN104237999B CN201410320189.2A CN201410320189A CN104237999B CN 104237999 B CN104237999 B CN 104237999B CN 201410320189 A CN201410320189 A CN 201410320189A CN 104237999 B CN104237999 B CN 104237999B
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刘红军
李少鹏
孙启兵
黄楠
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明宽带太赫兹波保偏传输光纤,将椭圆空气孔或菱形空气孔加入到光纤包层中,使得TE和TM两模式的模场分布在很宽的频谱范围内不同,从而具有不同的有效折算率,产生高双折射,同时在光纤的中心引入两排圆形空气孔来改变结构的对称性,提高光纤的双折射,调节光纤的色散,从而实现宽带的低色散保偏太赫兹光子晶体光纤,光子晶体光纤双折射值能够达到10‑3,甚至10‑2,比传统保偏光纤至少要高一个数量级,且在很宽的频谱范围内具有很低的色散且色散曲线平坦,对于宽带太赫兹脉冲的无畸变传输非常重要。此外,通过调整光子晶体光纤横截面上空气孔的参数就可以改变光纤的结构,从而获得对色散的调节。

The broadband terahertz wave polarization-maintaining transmission fiber of the present invention adds elliptical air holes or rhombic air holes into the fiber cladding, so that the mode field distributions of the two modes of TE and TM are different in a wide spectrum range, thus having different effective The refractive index produces high birefringence. At the same time, two rows of circular air holes are introduced in the center of the fiber to change the symmetry of the structure, improve the birefringence of the fiber, and adjust the dispersion of the fiber to achieve a broadband low-dispersion polarization-maintaining terahertz photonic crystal. Optical fiber, photonic crystal fiber birefringence can reach 10 ‑3 , or even 10 ‑2 , which is at least an order of magnitude higher than traditional polarization-maintaining fiber, and has very low dispersion and flat dispersion curve in a wide spectral range, for broadband Distortion-free transmission of terahertz pulses is very important. In addition, the structure of the fiber can be changed by adjusting the parameters of the air holes on the cross-section of the photonic crystal fiber, so as to obtain the adjustment of the dispersion.

Description

宽带太赫兹波保偏传输光纤Broadband terahertz wave polarization maintaining transmission fiber

技术领域technical field

本发明属于光学太赫兹传输技术,具体涉及一种在太赫兹波传输和通信系统中作为光传输路径被优先使用的光纤。The invention belongs to optical terahertz transmission technology, in particular to an optical fiber which is preferentially used as an optical transmission path in a terahertz wave transmission and communication system.

背景技术Background technique

太赫兹波位于(电磁波谱)电磁波谱中微波和远红外波之间,许多物体的分子转动和振动能级都处于太赫兹频谱范围,因此太赫兹光谱可以作为材料表征和指纹鉴定的重要手段。此外,太赫兹波具有适中的波束宽度、宽的光谱带宽和大的多普勒频移,因此在宽带无线通信、空间通信及精细成像方面具有重要的应用价值,将成为下一代高速无线通信的重要手段。太赫兹波高分辨成像和高穿透性的优点使得其在雷达、安检等方面有极重要的应用价值。由于太赫兹波在潮湿空气中衰减很大,且普通的波导无法实现对太赫兹波无损和无畸变的传输,因此,低损耗、低色散、使用起来灵活方便且具有一定功率容量的太赫兹传输波导、技术及相关功能器件的研究成为太赫兹科技及其应用发展的迫切需求。Terahertz waves are located between microwaves and far-infrared waves in the (electromagnetic spectrum) electromagnetic spectrum. The molecular rotation and vibration levels of many objects are in the terahertz spectrum range, so terahertz spectroscopy can be used as an important means of material characterization and fingerprint identification. In addition, terahertz waves have moderate beam width, wide spectral bandwidth and large Doppler shift, so they have important application value in broadband wireless communication, space communication and fine imaging, and will become the next generation of high-speed wireless communication. important means. The advantages of high-resolution imaging and high penetration of terahertz waves make it extremely important in radar and security inspection. Since terahertz waves attenuate greatly in humid air, and ordinary waveguides cannot achieve lossless and distortion-free transmission of terahertz waves, terahertz transmission with low loss, low dispersion, flexible and convenient use, and certain power capacity Research on waveguides, technology and related functional devices has become an urgent need for the development of terahertz technology and its applications.

太赫兹波在波导中的传输过程已经进行了大量尝试性研究,如金属材料构成的金属线波导、金属管波导以及由介电材料构成的蓝宝石光纤、塑料光纤和光子晶体光纤和亚波长多孔光纤等。金属波导在金属之外的空气中传输太赫兹波,因此对模场的限制能力差,且弯曲损耗较高。介质波导将太赫兹波限制在介质材料中,传输损耗较高。太赫兹光子晶体光纤将具有波长尺寸的空气孔进行周期性排列,实现对太赫兹波的传输。根据光子晶体光纤结构的不同,太赫兹光子晶体光纤可以分为两种;一种是光纤中心为高折射率介质材料,这种结构的光子晶体光纤带宽较宽,损耗相对较大;第二种光纤中心为空气孔结构,这种光子晶体光纤采用光子晶体带隙效应传输太赫兹波,损耗相对较低,但只能实现窄带太赫兹波传输。然而,目前所有的太赫兹保偏光纤的保偏性、低色散和低损耗只能在某一特定的波长或很窄的光谱范围内实现,因此无法实现对宽带太赫兹脉冲无损和无畸变的传输。The transmission process of terahertz waves in waveguides has been studied extensively, such as metal wire waveguides, metal tube waveguides made of metal materials, sapphire fibers, plastic fibers, photonic crystal fibers and subwavelength holey fibers made of dielectric materials. Wait. Metal waveguides transmit terahertz waves in the air outside the metal, so they have poor mode field confinement and high bending loss. The dielectric waveguide confines the terahertz wave in the dielectric material, and the transmission loss is high. The terahertz photonic crystal fiber periodically arranges air holes with wavelength dimensions to realize the transmission of terahertz waves. According to the structure of photonic crystal fiber, terahertz photonic crystal fiber can be divided into two types; one is that the center of the fiber is a high refractive index dielectric material, and the photonic crystal fiber with this structure has a wider bandwidth and relatively large loss; the second is The center of the fiber is an air hole structure. This photonic crystal fiber uses the photonic crystal band gap effect to transmit terahertz waves, and the loss is relatively low, but it can only achieve narrow-band terahertz wave transmission. However, the polarization-maintaining properties, low dispersion and low loss of all current terahertz polarization-maintaining fibers can only be achieved in a specific wavelength or a narrow spectral range, so it is impossible to achieve lossless and distortion-free broadband terahertz pulses. transmission.

光子晶体光纤可以通过特殊的结构设计提供很高的模式双折射,从而实现保偏,甚至单模单偏振的光纤。光子晶体光纤提供的模式双折射通常可以达到10-3数量级甚至更高。在太赫兹时域频谱系统以及太赫兹成像系统中,太赫兹接收器通常具有偏振敏感特性,因此如何实现具有宽带保偏的太赫兹光纤和波导器件,对于实现可集成化的太赫兹时域频谱和成像系统极其重要。Photonic crystal fiber can provide high mode birefringence through special structural design, so as to realize polarization maintaining or even single-mode single-polarization fiber. The mode birefringence provided by photonic crystal fiber can usually reach the order of 10 -3 or even higher. In terahertz time-domain spectrum systems and terahertz imaging systems, terahertz receivers usually have polarization-sensitive characteristics. Therefore, how to realize terahertz optical fiber and waveguide devices with broadband polarization maintaining is crucial for realizing integrated terahertz time-domain spectrum and imaging systems are extremely important.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为解决背景技术中宽带太赫兹脉冲的在保偏光纤中无法传输的问题,本发明提供一种基于六角晶格的椭圆空气孔光子晶体光纤以实现宽带太赫兹波保偏。In order to solve the problem that the broadband terahertz pulse cannot be transmitted in the polarization-maintaining fiber in the background technology, the present invention provides a hexagonal lattice-based elliptical air-hole photonic crystal fiber to realize the polarization-maintaining broadband terahertz wave.

本发明的技术解决方案如下:Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

宽带太赫兹波保偏传输光纤,包括纤芯和包层,其特殊之处在于:所述包层内沿光纤长度方向设置有多个椭圆空气孔,所述多个椭圆空气孔沿其长轴方向成行排列,每个椭圆空气孔的长轴为160μm,短轴为80μm,椭圆空气孔沿长轴方向的间距为200μm,相邻两行的三个椭圆空气孔的中心连线所形成的最小三角形为正三角形,最外侧的椭圆空气孔的中心连线呈正六边形,每行椭圆空气孔两端各向内缩进相同数量的椭圆空气孔后所形成的最外侧的椭圆空气孔的中心连线的依然呈正六边形,所述正六边形的中心与纤芯的中心重合;位于正六边形中心处有两个椭圆空气孔空缺,空缺位置的上下两侧设置有两排空气圆孔,所述两排空气圆孔位于最内侧的正六边形内,所述空气圆孔的半径为20μm,位于同行的空气圆孔的间距为80μm,两行空气圆孔的间距为190μm,所述两行空气圆孔之间的区域为光纤的纤芯,所述光纤的半径为1450μm。The broadband terahertz wave polarization-maintaining transmission fiber includes a core and a cladding, and its special feature is that a plurality of elliptical air holes are arranged in the cladding along the length direction of the fiber, and the plurality of elliptical air holes are arranged along the long axis of the optical fiber. The directions are arranged in rows, the long axis of each elliptical air hole is 160 μm, the short axis is 80 μm, the spacing of the elliptical air holes along the long axis is 200 μm, and the minimum distance formed by the center line of three elliptical air holes in two adjacent rows The triangle is an equilateral triangle, and the center line of the outermost elliptical air hole is a regular hexagon. The center of the outermost elliptical air hole formed by indenting the same number of elliptical air holes at both ends of each row of elliptical air holes The connection is still a regular hexagon, and the center of the regular hexagon coincides with the center of the fiber core; there are two oval air holes in the center of the regular hexagon, and two rows of air holes are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the vacancy. , the two rows of air holes are located in the innermost regular hexagon, the radius of the air holes is 20 μm, the distance between the air holes in the same line is 80 μm, the distance between the two rows of air holes is 190 μm, the The area between the two rows of air holes is the core of the optical fiber with a radius of 1450 μm.

上述光纤的材料为聚乙烯或聚四氟乙烯。The above optical fiber is made of polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene.

宽带太赫兹波保偏传输光纤,包括纤芯和包层,其特殊之处在于:所述包层内沿光纤长度方向设置有多个菱形空气孔,所述多个菱形空气孔沿其长轴方向成行排列,每个菱形空气孔的长轴为160μm,短轴为80μm,菱形空气孔沿长轴方向的间距为200μm,相邻两行的三个菱形空气孔的中心连线所形成的最小三角形为正三角形,最外侧的菱形空气孔的中心连线呈正六边形,每行菱形空气孔两端各向内缩进相同数量的菱形空气孔后所形成的最外侧的菱形空气孔的中心连线的依然呈正六边形,所述正六边形的中心与纤芯的中心重合;位于正六边形中心处有两个菱形空气孔空缺,空缺位置的上下两侧设置有两排空气圆孔,所述两排空气圆孔位于最内侧的正六边形内,所述空气圆孔的半径为20μm,位于同行的空气圆孔的间距为80μm,两行空气圆孔的间距为190μm,所述两行空气圆孔之间的区域为光纤的纤芯,所述光纤的半径为1450μm。The broadband terahertz wave polarization-maintaining transmission fiber includes a core and a cladding, and its special feature is that a plurality of diamond-shaped air holes are arranged in the cladding along the length direction of the fiber, and the plurality of rhombic air holes are arranged along the long axis of the optical fiber. The directions are arranged in rows, the long axis of each diamond-shaped air hole is 160 μm, and the short axis is 80 μm. The distance between the diamond-shaped air holes along the long axis is 200 μm. The triangle is an equilateral triangle, and the center line of the outermost diamond-shaped air hole is a regular hexagon. The center of the outermost diamond-shaped air hole formed by indenting the same number of diamond-shaped air holes at both ends of each row of diamond-shaped air holes The connection is still a regular hexagon, and the center of the regular hexagon coincides with the center of the fiber core; there are two diamond-shaped air holes in the center of the regular hexagon, and two rows of air holes are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the vacancy. , the two rows of air holes are located in the innermost regular hexagon, the radius of the air holes is 20 μm, the distance between the air holes in the same line is 80 μm, the distance between the two rows of air holes is 190 μm, the The area between the two rows of air holes is the core of the optical fiber with a radius of 1450 μm.

上述光纤的材料为聚乙烯或聚四氟乙烯。The above optical fiber is made of polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene.

本发明与现有技术相比,优点是:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of:

1、本发明宽带太赫兹波保偏传输光纤,将椭圆空气孔或菱形空气孔加入到光纤包层中,使得TE和TM两模式的模场分布在很宽的频谱范围内不同,从而具有不同的有效折算率,产生高双折射,同时在光纤的中心引入两排圆形空气孔来改变结构的对称性,提高光纤的双折射,调节光纤的色散,从而实现宽带的低色散保偏太赫兹光子晶体光纤,光子晶体光纤双折射值能够达到10-3,甚至10-2,比传统保偏光纤至少要高一个数量级,且在很宽的频谱范围内具有很低的色散且色散曲线平坦,对于宽带太赫兹脉冲的无畸变传输非常重要。此外,通过调整光子晶体光纤横截面上空气孔的参数就可以改变光纤的结构,从而获得对色散的调节。1. The broadband terahertz wave polarization-maintaining transmission fiber of the present invention adds elliptical air holes or diamond-shaped air holes into the fiber cladding, so that the mode field distributions of the TE and TM modes are different in a wide spectrum range, thus having different The effective refraction rate of the fiber produces high birefringence, and at the same time, two rows of circular air holes are introduced in the center of the fiber to change the symmetry of the structure, improve the birefringence of the fiber, and adjust the dispersion of the fiber to achieve broadband low dispersion polarization-maintaining terahertz Photonic crystal fiber, the birefringence value of photonic crystal fiber can reach 10 -3 or even 10 -2 , which is at least an order of magnitude higher than that of traditional polarization maintaining fiber, and has very low dispersion and flat dispersion curve in a wide spectrum range, It is important for the distortion-free transmission of broadband terahertz pulses. In addition, the structure of the fiber can be changed by adjusting the parameters of the air holes on the cross-section of the photonic crystal fiber, so as to obtain the adjustment of the dispersion.

3.温度稳定性好。本发明所设计的宽带高双折射低色散太赫兹光子晶体光纤是用聚合物材料聚乙烯制成,光子晶体光纤中产生的双折射属于几何双折射,它依靠光纤结构的不对称,从而造成光纤中两个垂直的偏振态有不同的传播常数和等效折射率而形成双折射,因此温度变化对双折射值的影响并不明显。3. Good temperature stability. The broadband high-birefringence and low-dispersion terahertz photonic crystal fiber designed by the present invention is made of polymer material polyethylene, and the birefringence generated in the photonic crystal fiber belongs to geometric birefringence, which depends on the asymmetry of the fiber structure, thus causing the optical fiber The two perpendicular polarization states have different propagation constants and equivalent refractive indices to form birefringence, so the influence of temperature changes on the birefringence value is not obvious.

4.抗辐射能力强。制作传统保偏光纤所用的材料一般是石英材料,光纤的纤芯通常掺杂有GeO2,从而导致核辐射情况下光纤的传输损耗会增大,使得光纤的抗辐射能力低;本发明所设计的宽带高双折射低色散太赫兹光子晶体光纤,其包层和纤芯是由同种聚四氟乙烯材料组成的,抗辐射能力强,性能稳定。4. Strong radiation resistance. The materials used to make traditional polarization-maintaining optical fibers are generally quartz materials, and the core of the optical fiber is usually doped with GeO 2 , so that the transmission loss of the optical fiber will increase in the case of nuclear radiation, and the radiation resistance of the optical fiber is low; the design of the present invention The broadband high birefringence and low dispersion terahertz photonic crystal fiber, whose cladding and core are made of the same polytetrafluoroethylene material, has strong radiation resistance and stable performance.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为太赫兹宽带保偏光纤结构图;Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a terahertz broadband polarization-maintaining fiber;

图2光子晶体光纤中水平(x polarized)和竖直(y polarized)偏振模式的有效折算率和双折射曲线;Effective refractive index and birefringence curves of horizontal (x polarized) and vertical (y polarized) polarization modes in photonic crystal fiber in Fig. 2;

图3光子晶体光纤中水平(x polarized)和竖直(y polarized)偏振模式的色散曲线;Dispersion curves of horizontal (x polarized) and vertical (y polarized) polarization modes in Fig. 3 photonic crystal fiber;

图4光子晶体光纤中水平(x polarized)和竖直(y polarized)偏振模式的损耗曲线。Figure 4. Loss curves for horizontal (x polarized) and vertical (y polarized) polarization modes in a photonic crystal fiber.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图对本发明做详细说明:The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

如图1所示,光纤包括包层和纤芯。传输光纤内沿光纤长度方向设置有多个空气孔,空气孔的形状为菱形或椭圆形,空气孔在光纤基底材料中呈周期性排列,中心有两个空气孔缺陷,并在缺陷的竖直方向引入两排圆形空气孔来改变结构的对称性,提高光纤的双折射,调节光纤的色散,从而实现宽带的低色散保偏太赫兹光子晶体光纤。两行空气圆孔之间的区域为光纤的纤芯,其余部分为包层,包层为包围纤芯的外部区域。每相邻的三个空气孔的中心为一个正三角形的顶点,外围的空气孔中心可按照距离纤芯的远近分别连接成以纤芯的中心为中心的多个正六边形,椭圆形空气孔的长轴平行或垂直与正六边形的一条边,且所有椭圆空气孔长轴方向一致,椭圆空气孔以纤芯的中心为原点,且长短轴方向以直角坐标系横纵轴呈对称分布。As shown in Figure 1, an optical fiber includes a cladding and a core. There are multiple air holes along the length of the fiber in the transmission fiber. The shape of the air holes is rhombus or ellipse. The air holes are arranged periodically in the fiber substrate material. There are two air hole defects in the center, and the vertical Direction introduces two rows of circular air holes to change the symmetry of the structure, improve the birefringence of the fiber, and adjust the dispersion of the fiber, so as to realize a broadband low-dispersion polarization-maintaining terahertz photonic crystal fiber. The area between the two rows of air holes is the core of the fiber, and the rest is the cladding, which is the outer area surrounding the core. The center of each adjacent three air holes is the apex of a regular triangle, and the centers of the peripheral air holes can be connected into multiple regular hexagonal and elliptical air holes centered on the center of the fiber core according to the distance from the fiber core. The long axis of the ellipse is parallel or perpendicular to one side of the regular hexagon, and the long axes of all elliptical air holes are in the same direction. The elliptical air holes take the center of the fiber core as the origin, and the long and short axes are distributed symmetrically with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes of the Cartesian coordinate system.

如图1所示,本发明的宽带高双折射低色散太赫兹光子晶体光纤是用聚四氟乙烯材料构成,在0.5THz处的折算率为1.5,吸收损耗为0.3/cm,空气部分由椭圆空气孔组成正六边形结构,中心有两个空气孔缺陷构成纤芯椭圆空气孔长短轴为160μm和80μm,中间两层小圆空气孔半径为20μm,椭圆空气孔间的间距∧为200μm,圆空气孔∧r间的间距为80μm,两行空气圆孔的间距为190μm,整个光纤的半径为1450μm。As shown in Figure 1, the broadband high birefringence and low dispersion terahertz photonic crystal fiber of the present invention is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material, the conversion rate at 0.5THz is 1.5, the absorption loss is 0.3/cm, and the air part is composed of elliptical The air holes form a regular hexagonal structure. There are two air hole defects in the center to form the fiber core. The major and minor axes of the elliptical air holes are 160 μm and 80 μm. The distance between the air holes ∧r is 80 μm, the distance between two rows of air circular holes is 190 μm, and the radius of the entire optical fiber is 1450 μm.

本发明的宽带高双折射低色散太赫兹光子晶体光纤其双折射值在0.1THz到4THz范围内可达到10-3,在0.8THz到4THz范围内可达到10-2。本发明光纤的色散在0.1THz到4THz范围内接近于零,色散曲线平坦,达到宽带高双折射低色散的要求。The birefringence value of the broadband high birefringence and low dispersion terahertz photonic crystal fiber of the present invention can reach 10 -3 in the range of 0.1 THz to 4 THz, and can reach 10 -2 in the range of 0.8 THz to 4 THz. The dispersion of the optical fiber of the invention is close to zero in the range of 0.1THz to 4THz, and the dispersion curve is flat, meeting the requirements of broadband, high birefringence and low dispersion.

如图2所示光子晶体光纤中水平(x polarized)和竖直(y polarized)偏振模式的有效折算率随传输频率的增大而增大,当传输频率大于3THz时,有效折算率基本保持不变。双折射值在0.1THz到4THz范围内可达到10-3,在0.8THz到4THz范围内可达到10-2As shown in Figure 2, the effective conversion rate of the horizontal (x polarized) and vertical (y polarized) polarization modes in the photonic crystal fiber increases with the increase of the transmission frequency. When the transmission frequency is greater than 3THz, the effective conversion rate basically remains the same. Change. The birefringence value can reach 10 -3 in the range of 0.1THz to 4THz, and can reach 10 -2 in the range of 0.8THz to 4THz.

如图3所示在0.1THz到4THz范围内光子晶体光纤中水平(x polarized)和竖直(ypolarized)偏振模式的色散值接近于零且浮动较小,色散曲线平坦。在0.1THz到4THz(30μm到3000μm)范围内光子晶体光纤中水平(x polarized)和竖直(ypolarized)偏振模式的损耗随频率的减小(波长增大)而减小,最小损耗为0.08dB/m。As shown in Fig. 3, the dispersion values of the horizontal (x polarized) and vertical (y polarized) polarization modes in the photonic crystal fiber in the range of 0.1 THz to 4 THz are close to zero and the fluctuation is small, and the dispersion curve is flat. In the range of 0.1THz to 4THz (30μm to 3000μm), the loss of horizontal (x polarized) and vertical (ypolarized) polarization modes in photonic crystal fibers decreases with the decrease of frequency (increase of wavelength), and the minimum loss is 0.08dB /m.

Claims (4)

1.宽带太赫兹波保偏传输光纤,包括纤芯和包层,其特征在于:所述包层内沿光纤长度方向设置有多个椭圆空气孔,所述多个椭圆空气孔沿其长轴方向成行排列,每个椭圆空气孔的长轴为160μm,短轴为80μm,椭圆空气孔沿长轴方向的间距为200μm,相邻两行的三个椭圆空气孔的中心连线所形成的最小三角形为正三角形,最外侧的椭圆空气孔的中心连线呈正六边形,每行椭圆空气孔两端各向内缩进相同数量的椭圆空气孔后所形成的最外侧的椭圆空气孔的中心连线的依然呈正六边形,所述正六边形的中心与纤芯的中心重合;位于正六边形中心处有两个椭圆空气孔空缺,空缺位置的上下两侧设置有两排空气圆孔,所述两排空气圆孔位于最内侧的正六边形内,所述空气圆孔的半径为20μm,位于同行的空气圆孔的间距为80μm,两行空气圆孔的间距为190μm,所述两行空气圆孔之间的区域为光纤的纤芯,所述光纤的半径为1450μm。1. A broadband terahertz wave polarization-maintaining transmission fiber, comprising a core and a cladding, characterized in that: the cladding is provided with a plurality of elliptical air holes along the length of the optical fiber, and the plurality of elliptical air holes are arranged along the long axis of the optical fiber. The directions are arranged in rows, the long axis of each elliptical air hole is 160 μm, the short axis is 80 μm, the spacing of the elliptical air holes along the long axis is 200 μm, and the minimum distance formed by the center line of three elliptical air holes in two adjacent rows The triangle is an equilateral triangle, and the center line of the outermost elliptical air hole is a regular hexagon. The center of the outermost elliptical air hole formed by indenting the same number of elliptical air holes at both ends of each row of elliptical air holes The connection is still a regular hexagon, and the center of the regular hexagon coincides with the center of the fiber core; there are two oval air holes in the center of the regular hexagon, and two rows of air holes are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the vacancy. , the two rows of air holes are located in the innermost regular hexagon, the radius of the air holes is 20 μm, the distance between the air holes in the same line is 80 μm, the distance between the two rows of air holes is 190 μm, the The area between the two rows of air holes is the core of the optical fiber with a radius of 1450 μm. 2.根据权利要求1所述的宽带太赫兹波保偏传输光纤,其特征在于:所述光纤的材料为聚乙烯或聚四氟乙烯。2. The broadband terahertz wave polarization-maintaining transmission fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material of the fiber is polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene. 3.宽带太赫兹波保偏传输光纤,包括纤芯和包层,其特征在于:所述包层内沿光纤长度方向设置有多个菱形空气孔,所述多个菱形空气孔沿其长轴方向成行排列,每个菱形空气孔的长轴为160μm,短轴为80μm,菱形空气孔沿长轴方向的间距为200μm,相邻两行的三个菱形空气孔的中心连线所形成的最小三角形为正三角形,最外侧的菱形空气孔的中心连线呈正六边形,每行菱形空气孔两端各向内缩进相同数量的菱形空气孔后所形成的最外侧的菱形空气孔的中心连线的依然呈正六边形,所述正六边形的中心与纤芯的中心重合;位于正六边形中心处有两个菱形空气孔空缺,空缺位置的上下两侧设置有两排空气圆孔,所述两排空气圆孔位于最内侧的正六边形内,所述空气圆孔的半径为20μm,位于同行的空气圆孔的间距为80μm,两行空气圆孔的间距为190μm,所述两行空气圆孔之间的区域为光纤的纤芯,所述光纤的半径为1450μm。3. A broadband terahertz wave polarization-maintaining transmission fiber, comprising a core and a cladding, characterized in that: a plurality of rhombic air holes are arranged in the cladding along the length direction of the fiber, and the plurality of rhombic air holes are arranged along its long axis The directions are arranged in rows, the long axis of each diamond-shaped air hole is 160 μm, the short axis is 80 μm, the distance between the rhombus-shaped air holes along the long-axis direction is 200 μm, and the center connection line of three diamond-shaped air holes in two adjacent rows forms the smallest The triangle is a regular triangle, and the center line of the outermost diamond-shaped air hole is a regular hexagon. The center of the outermost diamond-shaped air hole formed by indenting the same number of diamond-shaped air holes at both ends of each row of diamond-shaped air holes The connection is still in the shape of a regular hexagon, and the center of the regular hexagon coincides with the center of the fiber core; there are two diamond-shaped air holes in the center of the regular hexagon, and two rows of air holes are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the vacancy. , the two rows of air holes are located in the innermost regular hexagon, the radius of the air holes is 20 μm, the distance between the air holes in the same line is 80 μm, the distance between the two rows of air holes is 190 μm, the The area between the two rows of air holes is the core of the optical fiber with a radius of 1450 μm. 4.根据权利要求3所述的宽带太赫兹波保偏传输光纤,其特征在于:所述光纤的材料为聚乙烯或聚四氟乙烯。4. The broadband terahertz wave polarization-maintaining transmission fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: the material of the fiber is polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene.
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