CN1042337C - 生产n-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的酸加成盐的方法 - Google Patents
生产n-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的酸加成盐的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07F9/40—Esters thereof
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- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/3804—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
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Abstract
一种生产N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的酸加成盐的方法包括亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物在无水情况下,在一种无水酸和一种惰性溶剂存在下与亚磷酸三烷基酯反应。该惰性溶剂中,亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物原料至少部分可溶,而N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈产物的烷基酯的酸加成盐难溶,据此回收N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的沉淀酸加成盐。
Description
本发明涉及N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈(glycinonitrile)或它的盐类和酯类的生产方法。
N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈是已知化合物,用作除草剂。它还可以通过水解作用转变成商业上重要的除草剂N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸。
N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈在US 4,221,583中作为例子已经描述过。在US 3,923,877中描述了一个经过形成N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈作为中间体生产N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸的方法。而在US 4,415,503中描述了另一个也被认为是经过N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈作为中间体进行的相关方法。
在US 4,083,898中公开了N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的二芳酯的制备方法,在EP-A-0068732中公开了用三取代六氢化-1,3,5-三嗪作原料制备N-烷基取代的氨基甲基膦酸的单酯类和双酯类的方法。
我们现在已经发现,亚磷酸三烷基膦酸化试剂在一种酸和一种惰性溶剂存在下,作用在亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚体上,提供了一个改进方法,它完全适用于商业规模的生产,而且它还在N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈以其含有极低杂质水平的烷基酯的盐形式存在时提供很高的产率。
本发明提供了一种生产N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的酸加成盐的方法,它包括亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物在无水情况下,在一种无水酸和一种惰性溶剂存在下与亚磷酸三烷基酯反应。该惰性溶剂中,亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物原料至少部分可溶,而N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈产物的烷基酯的酸加成盐难溶,据此回收N-瞵酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的沉淀酸加成盐。
这里所用的亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物是指如反应路线1所示的分子式(Ⅰ)化合物,反应路线1说明了本发明的方法。反应路线1中,亚磷酸三烷基酯(Ⅱ)中的R基团代表C1-7烷基基团,最好是C1-5烷基基团,亚磷酸三烷基酯因此最好是亚磷酸三(C1-7烷基)酯或亚磷酸三(C1-5烷基)酯。
亚磷酸三烷基酯最好是亚磷酸三甲基酯,亚磷酸三乙基酯或亚磷酸三丁基酯。亚磷酸三甲基酯是易于获得的膦酸化试剂,它是商业生产N-磷酰基甲基甘氨腈的特别有效的原料。高级亚磷酸烷基酯,如亚磷酸三丁基酯和亚磷酸三戊基酯,将下面更详细地指出其产物在商业生产方面的优势。
本领域的技术人员会想到,在本发明的方法中所使用的、而且将会形成N-磷酰基甲基甘氨腈产物的烷基酯的不溶盐的合适的无水酸。卤化氢尤其适合本发明的方法。特别是氯化氢就是一种有效的而且易于获得的元水酸。
溶剂在某种意义上应是惰性的,即在反应条件下不大起化学反应,特别是溶剂对亚磷酸三烷基酯的进攻应是稳定的。本领域的技术人员可以想到合适的惰性溶剂,在此溶剂中,亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物原料至少部分可溶,而N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈产物的烷基酯的酸加成盐(acid salt)是基本不溶的。应当理解,亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物原料在惰性溶剂中至少应该部分可溶。这指的是亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物原料应该充分可溶,即使并非全部原料在磷酸化反应开始时部可溶掉,但是有足够的原料溶解在溶液中,以使膦酸化反应开始。此后随着反应的进行,将会有更多的原料溶解,溶解在溶液中的原料被消耗,直至等到磷酸化反应完成,所有的原料已经全部溶解。合适的惰性溶剂包括腈类,如乙腈,酯类,如乙酸乙酯,卤代烷类,如二氯乙烯和二氯甲烷,酮类,如甲基异丁基酮,醚类,如乙醚或四氢呋喃,和卤代芳香烃类,如氯苯。乙腈是特别有效的溶剂,在本发明的方法中所使用的浓度中,亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物在乙腈中一般是完全溶解的。
不要求N-瞵酰基甲基甘氨腈产物的烷基酯的酸加成盐在溶剂中完全不溶:只要求至少一部分该酸加成盐在反应条件下沉淀,因此得以回收。但一般说来,该酸加成盐在大多数有机溶剂中溶解度极低,而且这表示着它是本发明的方法一个突出的优点。
尽管如果需要,可使用更高或更低的温度,例如从-50℃至200℃,从-10℃到50℃范围内的温度,反应适合在环境温度下发生。热量可以在反应过程中产生,而且反应在需要的时间可以被冷却以维持温度在一最佳值,例如在环境温度或略高值。
当使用气态氯化氢作为酸时,它被直接通入反应混合物中,或作为无水溶剂中的溶液加入到反应混合物中。
反应适合发生在无水和非氧化条件下,例如在无水和非氧化的气氛下。当气态氯化氢直接通入反应混合物中时,气体本身就提供了所需的无水和非氧化气氛。若氯化氢作为无水溶剂中的溶液加入到反应混合物中,则用合适的惰性气体,如干燥氮气,提供无水和非氧化气氛是比较理想的。
最好使用化学计量比例的亚磷酸三烷基酯。酸的比例取决于所用的特定酸。若使用盐酸时,每摩尔亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物采用盐酸的量最好为2到12摩尔。
本发明的方法的突出优点,是产物以允许预分离的极纯形式沉淀出来。
N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯水解成N-瞵酰基甲基甘氨酸或其盐是一个很熟悉的方法,而且在US 3,923,877中作为例子已经说明过。
本发明的方法可以分批或连续,或半连续反应来实现,特别是适合高效率的商业操作,而且特别适合与后续反应联合操作,以形成N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸或其盐。
在典型的方法中,N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的不溶酸加成盐通过过滤回收.而反应溶剂循环使用,可选地带有纯化步骤。该酸加成盐然后水解,例如利用盐酸水溶液处理,生成N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸。
在这种联合方法中使用高级亚磷酸三烷基酯,如亚磷酸三丁基酯或亚磷酸三戊基酯作为膦酸化试剂有很多优点。尤其是,N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的丁基酯或戊基酯的水解产物分别是丁醇或戊醇。高级链烷醇类和含水水解相不混溶。而有机相能轻易分离,链烷醇再循环使用以彩成更多的亚磷酸三烷基酯,例如通过和三氯化磷反应。此外,在本发明的反应过程中形成的丁基氯或戊基氯(反应路线1.)可以很方便地通过蒸馏从反应溶剂(滤液)中除去,并被加入到N-瞵酰基甲基甘氨腈的丁基或戊基酯的水解阶段。该阶段中它本身水解分别形成更多的被包括在再循环中的丁醇或戊醇。
因此根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种用以生产N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸的方法,它包括:
(ⅰ)亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物在无水情况下,在一种无水酸和一种惰性溶剂存在下,与亚磷酸三丁基酯或亚磷酸三戊基酯反应。在该惰性溶剂中,亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物原料至少部分可溶,而N-磷酰基甲基甘氨腈产物的烷基酯的酸加成盐基本上不溶,然后:
(ⅱ)过滤阶段(ⅰ)的反应混合物,从含有溶剂和丁基氯或戊基氯的滤液中,回收沉淀的N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的酸加成盐:
(ⅲ)在酸性条件下水解N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的酸加成盐,以形成N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸和丁醇或戊醇;
(ⅳ)蒸馏来自阶段(ⅱ)的滤液,把溶剂再循环到阶段(ⅰ),而丁基氯或戊基氯再循环到阶段(ⅲ),在那它经历水解分别形成丁醇或戊醇:
(ⅴ)通过相分离从阶段(ⅲ)回收丁醇或戊醇,把它和三氯化磷反应分别形成亚磷酸三丁基酯和亚磷酸三戊基酯,把亚磷酸三丁基酯和亚磷酸三戊基酯再循环到阶段(ⅰ):
(ⅵ)回收阶段(ⅲ)的N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸产物。
从阶段(ⅲ)得到的产物N-瞵酰基甲基甘氨酸可以很方便地通过结晶回收。
本发明通过下列实例得到说明,其中,所有份数和百分比若非另外说明则是用重量表示。
实施例1
亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物1.7g(0.0083gmol)和亚磷酸三甲基酯3.1g(0.025gmol)悬浮于30ml的乙酸乙酯中。混合物被搅拌并维持在约室温,同时慢慢加入无水HCl。在添加的过程中,形成了一种白色沉淀物。GC分析显示,当反应被允许在环境温度下过夜后,所有的三聚物已经被消耗掉。固体然后通过过滤分离出来,并用溶剂洗涤。获得3.6g的产物,相应产率为67%。固体用GC和NHR分析,发现是膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的二甲基酯的盐酸盐。产物基本上是纯净的,经GC或NMR鉴定没有显著污染物。
实施例2
除了乙腈用作溶剂外,重复例1的步骤。获得3.1g基本纯净的膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的二甲基酯,相应的产率为56%。
实施例3
除了1.825g(0.05gmol)的无水HCl在加入到反应容器之前溶解在30ml的乙腈中外,重复例2的操作步骤。获得3.4g基本上纯净的膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的二甲酯,相应的产率为63%。
实施例4
亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物1.7g和亚磷酸三甲基酯3.2g悬浮在40ml的二氯甲烷中。对混合物进行搅拌,并维持在低于25℃的温度下,同时在2小时期间加入无水HCl。在加入过程中,形成了一种白色沉淀物。在冷却到0℃后,对产物进行过滤,用20ml冷冻的二氯甲烷洗涤,再干燥得到2.9g膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的二甲基酯(54.1%的产率)。质子NMR表明,产物基本上是纯的。
实施例5
亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物3.4g和亚磷酸三丁基酯(14g,30%浓度)溶解在40ml的乙腈中。混合物被搅拌,并维持在35℃以下的温度,同时,无水HCl以30ml/min的速率在3小时期间加入。在加入期间,形或一白色沉淀物。在冷却到0℃后,产物进行过滤,用冷冻的乙腈洗涤,再干燥,得到13.2g膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的二丁基酯(88%的产率)。质子NMR表明,产物基本上是纯净的。
实施例6
除了乙酸乙酯用来取代乙腈外,重复例5的操作步骤。亚甲基氨基乙腈仅部分溶解于乙酸乙酯中,并悬浮于反应混合物中。得到11.9g基本上纯净的膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的二丁基酯(产率为79.7%)。
Claims (5)
1.生产N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的酸加成盐的方法,它包括使亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物在-10℃至50℃的温度下在无水情况下,在无水氯化氢和一种惰性溶剂存在下,与亚磷酸三烷基酯反应,在该溶剂中,亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物原料至少部分可溶,而N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈产物的烷基酯的酸加成盐基本上不溶,所述惰性溶剂是乙腈、乙酸乙酯、甲基异丁基酮、乙醚、四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷或氯苯,然后回收沉淀的N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的酸加成盐。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,亚磷酸三烷基酯是亚磷酸三(C1-7烷基)酯。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中,亚磷酸三烷基酯是亚磷酸三(C1-5烷基)酯。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,每摩尔亚甲基氨基乙腈三聚物使用基本上化学计量比例的亚磷酸三烷基酯和3到12mols的氢氯酸。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中将所述N-膦酰基甲基甘氨腈的烷基酯的酸加成盐随后进行水解,以形成N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸。
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ATE224186T1 (de) * | 1996-12-30 | 2002-10-15 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Verfahren zur herstellung von cyanophosphonatderivaten aus phosphorsäureanhydrid und cyanid |
AR027024A1 (es) * | 1999-12-23 | 2003-03-12 | Basf Ag | Procedimiento para la preparacion de n-fosfonometilglicina |
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US3923877A (en) * | 1972-11-08 | 1975-12-02 | Ici Ltd | Preparation of N-phosphonomethyl glycine |
US4083898A (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-04-11 | Monsanto Company | Process for preparing O-aryl, N-phosphonomethylglycinonitriles |
EP0068732A1 (en) * | 1981-06-19 | 1983-01-05 | Monsanto Company | Herbicidally active monoesters and diesters of n-alkyl substituted amino methyl phosphonic acid and process for preparing same |
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3923877A (en) * | 1972-11-08 | 1975-12-02 | Ici Ltd | Preparation of N-phosphonomethyl glycine |
US4083898A (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-04-11 | Monsanto Company | Process for preparing O-aryl, N-phosphonomethylglycinonitriles |
EP0068732A1 (en) * | 1981-06-19 | 1983-01-05 | Monsanto Company | Herbicidally active monoesters and diesters of n-alkyl substituted amino methyl phosphonic acid and process for preparing same |
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US5606093A (en) | 1997-02-25 |
CN1120842A (zh) | 1996-04-17 |
DE69401501D1 (de) | 1997-02-27 |
EP0693075A1 (en) | 1996-01-24 |
GB9307234D0 (en) | 1993-06-02 |
CA2158472A1 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
EP0693075B1 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
GR3022293T3 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
ATE147745T1 (de) | 1997-02-15 |
HU9502820D0 (en) | 1995-11-28 |
AU685432B2 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
WO1994022881A1 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
MY131567A (en) | 2007-08-30 |
DK0693075T3 (da) | 1997-07-14 |
DE69401501T2 (de) | 1997-04-30 |
AU6213794A (en) | 1994-10-24 |
HU218171B (hu) | 2000-06-28 |
ES2096459T3 (es) | 1997-03-01 |
HUT72039A (en) | 1996-03-28 |
JPH08508285A (ja) | 1996-09-03 |
BR9406353A (pt) | 1996-02-06 |
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