CN104226109B - 一种锅炉内置尿素热解管的scr脱硝方法及其装置 - Google Patents
一种锅炉内置尿素热解管的scr脱硝方法及其装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104226109B CN104226109B CN201410439285.9A CN201410439285A CN104226109B CN 104226109 B CN104226109 B CN 104226109B CN 201410439285 A CN201410439285 A CN 201410439285A CN 104226109 B CN104226109 B CN 104226109B
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- urea pyrolysis
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound 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NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 260
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝方法及其装置，属于锅炉脱硝领域，脱硝方法利用该区域锅炉烟气加热尿素热解管束内的尿素溶液并使其分解为含NH3的混合气体，NH3作为其下游SCR烟气脱硝化学反应的还原剂；装置包括尿素热解管束，所述尿素热解管束入口经尿素热解管束入口分配管和尿素热解空气供给管连通空气预热器一次风或二次风，所述尿素热解管束出口经尿素热解产物汇聚管和尿素热解产物供给管连通至SCR脱硝反应装置或其上游，所述尿素热解管束入口分配管还设有雾化装置，所述雾化装置与尿素溶液供给装置连通。本发明能大幅降低SCR脱硝还原剂尿素热解工艺投资成本、降低尿素热解运行能耗和节省运行成本。
Description
技术领域
[0001 ]本发明属于锅炉脱硝领域，尤其涉及锅炉SCR脱硝。
背景技术
[0002] 选择性催化还原烟气脱硝工艺(Selective Catalytic Reduct1n of NOx，简称SCR脱硝工艺)还原剂主要有液氨、氨水、尿素三种。液氨由于工艺系统简单，投资和运行成本较低，在SCR脱硝工艺中应用较广，但是液氨属于危险化学品，其运输和储存要求苛刻，且获准审批也越来越多地受到法规的限制，极为不便；同样，氨水也因为其运输、储存问题以及投资运行成本居高而受到应用的局限；作为安全性要求相对较低的SCR脱硝还原剂一尿素具有与液氨相同的脱硝性能，没有危化品法规限制，可以方便地被运输、储存和使用。
[0003]尿素作为SCR脱硝还原剂，主要工艺有热解制氨和水解制氨工艺，其中热解制氨工艺由于系统简单、投资成本低、运行稳定、维护量小，亦越来越多地被电厂采用。目前尿素热解热源主要是采用锅炉热的一次风同时配置电加热器或燃气加热器，如对于600MW等级机组烟气脱硝装置，采用电加热的尿素热解工艺的能耗为:500kW/h-1800kW/h，尿素热解能耗大、运行成本高。
发明内容
[0004]本发明的目的在于:提出一种锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝方法及其装置，降低SCR脱硝还原剂尿素热解工艺投资成本、降低尿素热解运行能耗和节省运行成本。
[0005]本发明目的通过下述技术方案来实现:
[0006] —种锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝方法，包括设置通过锅炉内能使尿素溶液热解为含NH3的混合气体的区域的尿素热解管束，利用该区域锅炉烟气加热尿素热解管束内的尿素溶液并使其分解为含NH3的混合气体，NH3作为其下游SCR烟气脱硝化学反应的还原剂;所述尿素热解管束内的尿素溶液呈雾化状，且由通入尿素热解管束内的压力风作为其内介质的流动压头和尿素热解产物NH3的稀释空气。
[0007]上述方案中，首先尿素溶液以雾化状态在尿素热解管束中流动，一方面更有利于压力风能够对其产生足够的流动压头，另一方面又更有利于被烟气快速加热、充分地热解，降低对锅炉系统的影响，同时又提高热解效率，一举两得;同时压力风既作为前述流动介质的流动压头，又作为脱硝所需还原剂NH3的稀释空气，又是一举两得;然后利用锅炉本身的高温烟气加热热解尿素热解管束中的尿素溶液，既实现了尿素的热解，同时又利用了锅炉系统的余热，又不会对锅炉系统造成影响，此为又一一举两得;整个系统除雾化装置外，都可以利用锅炉原本的资源，能够最大限度地降低SCR脱硝还原剂尿素热解工艺投资成本、降低尿素热解运行能耗和节省运行成本。
[0008]作为选择，所述尿素热解管束布置在锅炉400〜800°C的烟气区域。
[0009]作为选择，所述尿素热解管束内的尿素溶液被锅炉烟气加热到350_650°C。
[0010]上述方案中，合适的温度区域，既能保证尿素溶液充分的热解，又能尽可能降低对系统锅炉效率的影响。此布置方式对锅炉的影响小或基本可忽略，如600MW等级的SCR烟气脱硝装置，尿素热解管束的布置对区域的烟气温降不超过1_3°C。
[0011]作为选择，所述尿素热解管束内的尿素溶液被锅炉烟气加热分解为含NH3浓度体积百分数5 %以下的混合气体。
[0012]作为选择，所述通入尿素热解管束内的压力风为10±2kPa压力的冷风或热风。
[0013]作为选择，所述通入尿素热解管束内的压力风接引自空气预热器的一次风或二次风或由风机提供。
[0014]上述方案中，引自空气预热器的10±2kPa压力风，既满足流动压头需要和将尿素分解产物稀释为含NH3浓度体积百分数5%以下的混合气体的稀释要求，同时又尽可能降低对锅炉系统影响。该方案中，引用风量占总风量仅仅只需0.5-5%。所述冷风是指未经额外加热的常温风，而热风则是指与冷风相对的，常温风经额外加热后的风。
[0015] —种锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝装置，包括通过锅炉内能使尿素溶液热解为含NH3的混合气体的区域的尿素热解管束，所述尿素热解管束入口经尿素热解管束入口分配管和尿素热解空气供给管连通空气预热器一次风或二次风，所述尿素热解管束出口经尿素热解产物汇聚管和尿素热解产物供给管连通至SCR脱硝反应装置或其上游，所述尿素热解管束入口分配管还设有雾化装置，所述雾化装置与尿素溶液供给装置连通。
[0016]上述方案中，整个系统除雾化装置外，都可以利用锅炉原本的资料，能够最大限度地降低SCR脱硝还原剂尿素热解工艺投资成本、降低尿素热解运行能耗和节省运行成本。
[0017]作为选择，所述尿素热解空气供给管设置有空气调节阀，或者所述尿素溶液供给装置的尿素溶液管线上设置有流量调节阀，所述尿素热解产物供给管设置有氨浓度检测仪，其信号反馈到所述空气调节阀调节空气流量，或者反馈到所述流量调节阀调节尿素溶液流量。
[0018]上述方案中，可以根据热解情况自动调节空气流量，确保尿素热解产物NH3体积百分数低于5%。
[0019]作为选择，所述尿素热解管束布置在锅炉400〜800°C的烟气区域。
[0020] 作为进一步选择，所述尿素热解管束布置在锅炉低温过热器或低温再热器区域。
[0021]前述本发明主方案及其各进一步选择方案可以自由组合以形成多个方案，均为本发明可采用并要求保护的方案:如本发明，各选择即可和其他选择任意组合，本领域技术人员在了解本发明方案后根据现有技术和公知常识可明了有多种组合，均为本发明所要保护的技术方案，在此不做穷举。
[0022]本发明的有益效果:
[0023] 1、简化了尿素热解工艺系统、降低投资成本；
[0024] 2、可大幅降低SCR脱硝还原剂尿素热解工艺的能耗和厂用电，节省运行成本；
[0025] 3、此布置方式对锅炉的影响小或基本可忽略。
附图说明
[0026]图1是本发明实施例的装置流程示意图。
具体实施方式
[0027]下列非限制性实施例用于说明本发明。
[0028]参考图1所示，尿素热解管束23布置在锅炉内部能使尿素溶液热解为含NH3的混合气体的区域，如锅炉400〜800°C区域，具体可以是省煤器13上游烟气区域12，合适的布置区域为低温过热器或低温再热器区域。
[0029] 尿素热解空气供给管21接引空气预热器3的一次风31(压力10±2kPa)，经过尿素热解管束入口分配管22进入尿素热解管束23。引接的一次风可以是热的一次风或冷的一次风，也可单独配置风机提供空气。
[0030]由尿素溶液供给装置供给的质量浓度50%左右的尿素溶液4经雾化装置以雾化方式喷入尿素热解管束入口分配管22，随空气一起进入尿素热解管束23。
[0031]尿素热解管束23内的空气/尿素被锅炉烟气11加热到350-650°C，尿素分解成含NH3浓度体积百分数5%以下的混合气体，含NH3的尿素热解产物混合气体流出到尿素热解产物汇聚管25，再通过尿素热解产物供给管26进入下游的SCR脱硝反应装置5与烟气中的NOx发生化学反应达到脱除NOx目的。
[0032]为控制尿素热解产物NH3体积百分数低于5%，可在引一次风的尿素热解空气供给管21上设置空气调节阀211调节空气流量或在尿素溶液供给装置的尿素溶液4管线上设置流量调节阀；可在尿素热解产物供给管26上设置氨浓度检测仪，其信号反馈到空气调节阀211调节空气流量，或者反馈到流量调节阀调节尿素溶液流量。
[0033]以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝方法，其特征在于:包括设置通过锅炉内能使尿素溶液热解为含NH3的混合气体的区域的尿素热解管束，利用该区域锅炉烟气加热尿素热解管束内的尿素溶液并使其分解为含NH3的混合气体，NH3作为其下游SCR烟气脱硝化学反应的还原剂;所述尿素热解管束内的尿素溶液呈雾化状，且由通入尿素热解管束内的压力风作为其内介质的流动压头和尿素热解产物NH3的稀释空气;所述尿素热解管束内的尿素溶液被锅炉烟气加热分解为含NH3浓度体积百分数5%以下的混合气体。
2.如权利要求1所述的锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝方法，其特征在于:所述尿素热解管束布置在锅炉400〜800°C的烟气区域。
3.如权利要求1所述的锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝方法，其特征在于:所述尿素热解管束内的尿素溶液被锅炉烟气加热到350-650°C。
4.如权利要求1所述的锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝方法，其特征在于:所述通入尿素热解管束内的压力风为10 ± 2kPa压力的冷风或热风。
5.如权利要求1所述的锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝方法，其特征在于:所述通入尿素热解管束内的压力风接引自空气预热器的一次风或二次风或由风机提供。
6.—种锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝装置，其特征在于:包括通过锅炉内能使尿素溶液热解为含NH3的混合气体的区域的尿素热解管束，所述尿素热解管束入口经尿素热解管束入口分配管和尿素热解空气供给管连通空气预热器一次风或二次风，所述尿素热解管束出口经尿素热解产物汇聚管和尿素热解产物供给管连通至SCR脱硝反应装置或其上游，所述尿素热解管束入口分配管还设有雾化装置，所述雾化装置与尿素溶液供给装置连通。
7.如权利要求6所述的锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝装置，其特征在于:所述尿素热解空气供给管设置有空气调节阀，或者所述尿素溶液供给装置的尿素溶液管线上设置有流量调节阀，所述尿素热解产物供给管设置有氨浓度检测仪，其信号反馈到所述空气调节阀调节空气流量，或者反馈到所述流量调节阀调节尿素溶液流量。
8.如权利要求6所述的锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝装置，其特征在于:所述尿素热解管束布置在锅炉400〜800°C的烟气区域。
9.如权利要求8所述的锅炉内置尿素热解管的SCR脱硝装置，其特征在于:所述尿素热解管束布置在锅炉低温过热器或低温再热器区域。
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