CN104219467A - NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) linear array image sensor - Google Patents
NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) linear array image sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104219467A CN104219467A CN201410440731.8A CN201410440731A CN104219467A CN 104219467 A CN104219467 A CN 104219467A CN 201410440731 A CN201410440731 A CN 201410440731A CN 104219467 A CN104219467 A CN 104219467A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) linear array image sensor. The NMOS linear array image sensor comprises sensor pixels, a driving pulse sequence 1 and a driving pulse sequence 2. The sensor pixels are grouped according to integral time; the driving pulse sequence 1 is used for initial reset of the image sensor and normal data reading of the image sensor; the driving pulse sequence 2 serves as data reading pulses for a group of pixels identical in integral time in the image sensor. The NMOS linear array image sensor is excellent in performance, and signal-to-noise ratio of output signals of the image sensor can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transducer measured for light signal energy, particularly a kind of NMOS line scan image sensor.
Background technology
The driving pulse sequence of conventional NMOS line scan image sensor as shown in Figure 1.In use, need to provide three road driving pulse sequences to transducer, corresponding pin is Φ to transducer
st, Φ
1, Φ
2.Wherein, Φ
1, Φ
2be two signals of Complete Synchronization, but phase place is just in time contrary.Φ
stfor the starting impulse that sensor pixels signal reads, i.e. Φ
stafter providing a positive pulse, vision signal Video meeting and Φ
1, Φ
2synchronism output.After the signal of all pixels all reads, End of Scan pin and Φ
2synchronism output negative pulse (in Fig. 3, End signal).When the vision signal of first pixel occurs, Φ
1, Φ
2the corresponding pulse period is defined as pixel readout interval 1, and pixel readout interval 2 is corresponding with the vision signal of first pixel.After cycle N, the Φ that frame end signal End is corresponding
1, Φ
2the corresponding pulse period is end period, and after End pulse exports, transducer finishes the output of a frame.
In above-mentioned operating process, can find out, in the process once read, the signal of all pixels of transducer is all read out, and this length time of integration also determining all pixels is identical.Under the identical time of integration, the output of the pixel that incident optical signal is strong may be made close to saturated; And the output of the weak pixel of incident optical signal is close to zero, makes signal be flooded by noise.Because outside reading circuit can not control the output of signal on Active Video in pixel, the function of subsection integral cannot be realized.
For the universal product of NMOS line scan image sensor, by the particular design of driver' s timing, the function of subsection integral can be realized.Except the reset that the driver' s timing shown in Fig. 1 is used for imageing sensor, the drive sequences shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 is alternately input on imageing sensor, can realize the function of subsection integral.Realize subsection integral function with changing the method for driver' s timing, driving pulse sequential realize more complicated; And in a frame image data, time of integration of different pixel can only monotone increasing or monotone decreasing; Valid data need independent reset drives pulse train after reading; The view data read frequency of all pixels depends on the maximum time of integration of all pixels, repeatedly can not read the view data of pixel short time of integration in an integration period of pixel long time of integration, and the time of integration, short pixel utilance was low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve technical problem of the prior art, provides a kind of NMOS line scan image sensor.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is specific as follows:
A kind of NMOS line scan image sensor, comprising:
The sensor pixels divided into groups is carried out according to the time of integration;
The driving pulse sequence 1 that initial reset for imageing sensor and the normal data for imageing sensor read;
As the driving pulse sequence 2 of the read pulse of one group of pel data of the time of integration identical in imageing sensor.
In technique scheme, when the pixel of transducer divided into groups according to the time of integration:
If the quantity of sensor pixels is N, on imageing sensor the position number of pixel be designated as 1,2 ..., N;
According to the difference of the time of integration, all for transducer pixels are divided into m group, corresponding pixel number is respectively N
1, N
2..., N
m,
the corresponding time of integration is respectively T
1, T
2..., T
m;
The time of integration is T
iin one group of pixel of 1≤i≤m, pixel position number is in the image sensor designated as:
P
i,1，P
i,2，P
i,j(1≤j≤N
i)，
In technique scheme, described driving pulse sequence 1 meets:
Φ
stthe signal that frame starts, Φ
stafter positive pulse exports, Φ
1, Φ
2provide according to mutually anti-phase form, on video signal cable will with Φ
1, Φ
2output on video signal cable;
Φ
selectat Φ
sthigh level is become while becoming high level, at the end of frame readout interval, Φ when End becomes high level from low level
selectbecome low level;
Φ
selectbecome the moment of high level from low level, need before first pixel readout interval starts; Φ
selectbecome the moment of high level from low level, need after in the end a pixel readout interval terminates.
In technique scheme, described driving pulse sequence 2 meets:
In the pixel readout interval of 1st ~ k-1 group pixel, the control signal strobe pulse φ of gating switch
selectkeep low level, gating switch turns off, and signal output part no signal exports;
The control signal φ of the pixel readout interval internal gating switch of kth group pixel
select, become high level, gating switch conducting, signal output part has signal to export;
The control signal strobe pulse φ of the pixel readout interval internal gating switch of kth+1 ~ m group pixel
select, be low level, gating switch turns off, and signal output part no signal exports.
In technique scheme, to be the driver' s timing alignd forward be in time in the reading of pixel:
A), during t=0, apply driving pulse sequence 1, imageing sensor is resetted;
B) t=T
j_1time, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data of j_1 group pixel, the time of integration of this group pixel is T
j_1;
C) according to the time of integration of order from small to large, for the difference t=T time of integration
j_ioften group pixel, all apply driving pulse sequence 2 to imageing sensor, read the data of j_i group pixel, the time of integration of this group pixel is T
j_i;
D) t=T
j_mtime, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data of j_m group pixel, the time of integration of this group pixel is T
j_m; One frame image data reads complete, after all data read merge, is a frame image data in step b, c, d; Then step a is come back to.
In technique scheme, the driver' s timing alignd backward the time of integration is:
A), during t=0, apply driving pulse sequence 1, make imageing sensor initialization, reset;
B) t=T
j_m-T
j_ (m-1)time, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data that j_ (m-1) organizes pixel, but the pel data read is invalid data, the effect of pulse train organizes pixel to j_ (m-1) to reset;
C) according to the time of integration of order from big to small, for the difference t=T time of integration
j_ioften group pixel, at the time t=T of correspondence
j_m-T
j_i, driving pulse sequence 2 is applied to imageing sensor, j_i group pixel is resetted;
D) t=T
j_mtime, apply driving pulse sequence 1, read the data of all pixels, the data that this frame reads are the frame image data under subsection integral; Reclocking t=0, then comes back to step b.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
NMOS line scan image sensor of the present invention:
1) performance is good, can improve the signal to noise ratio of imageing sensor output signal;
2) implementation method is simple, is easy to realize, and cost is low, does not need the hardware configuration changing transducer, only needs to do simple change to the universal design of the reading circuit of imageing sensor, imageing sensor just can be made to have the function of subsection integral;
4) implementation method is flexible, and in imageing sensor one frame data, the time of integration of different pixel can freely be arranged, and the size of different pixel time of integration is irrelevant with pixel position on the image sensor;
5) applied widely, the present invention is not only applicable to NMOS line scan image sensor, is also applicable to the line scan image sensor that other use similar driving method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is NMOS line scan image sensor driving pulse sequence diagram of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the driver' s timing schematic diagram of NMOS line scan image sensor subsection integral of the prior art.
The grouping schematic diagram of pixel when Fig. 3 is subsection integral of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is driving pulse sequence 1 schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is driving pulse sequence 2 schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is of the present invention forward to the read pulse sequence diagram of neat two field picture.
Fig. 7 is of the present invention backward to the read pulse sequence diagram of neat two field picture.
Embodiment
Invention thought of the present invention is:
The reading process of NMOS line scan image sensor is also the reseting procedure to pixel, in order to realize the subsection integral function of transducer, the present invention proposes 2 kinds of pulse train (driving pulse sequences 1, driving pulse sequence 2), being used separately as is reset pulse sequence and data reading pulse train.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
NMOS line scan image sensor of the present invention, in order to realize the realization of subsection integral function, when design driven pulse train, needs first to divide into groups according to the pixel of difference to transducer of the time of integration:
As shown in Figure 3, if the quantity of sensor pixels is N, on imageing sensor the position number of pixel be designated as 1,2 ..., N.According to the difference of the time of integration, all for transducer pixels are divided into m group (have the time of integration that m is different in a two field picture, the time of integration, identical pixel was as a group), corresponding pixel number is respectively N
1, N
2..., Nm,
the corresponding time of integration is respectively T
1, T
2..., T
m.The time of integration is T
iin one group of pixel of 1≤i≤m, pixel position number is in the image sensor designated as:
P
i,1，P
i,2，P
i,j(1≤j≤N
i)，
Such as, the position number in image taking sensor is mark (Fig. 3), and it is P that the 1st group of pixel comprises sequence number
1,1~ P
1, N1(N altogether
1individual) pixel, the time of integration is designated as T
1; It is P that 2nd group of pixel comprises sequence number
2,1~ P
2, N2(N altogether
2individual) pixel, the time of integration is designated as T
2.Be T for being the time of integration time of integration
kone group of pixel, position number in the image sensor
can be continuous print, also can be discontinuous, and namely the non-conterminous several sections of pixels in position in imageing sensor, also can use the identical time of integration.Such as, in Fig. 3, the 1st group of pixel P
1,1~ P
1, N1position is in the image sensor continuous print, the 2nd group of pixel P
2,1~ P
2, N2(N altogether
2individual) position is in the image sensor discontinuous, is divided into P
2,1~ P
2, j,
two continuous print parts.
Relation is met between the different time of integration:
|T
i-T
j|＞T
min?1≤i≤m,1≤j≤m,i≠j
T
min=min (T
z), be the shortest frame readout interval of imageing sensor, read a two field picture can shortest time, this driving parameter is relevant to the ability of imageing sensor inherent parameters and outside reading circuit
Group technology shown in Fig. 3, as a difference or improvements, be, all pixels divide into groups according to the difference of the time of integration, there is the pixel of the identical time of integration as one group, but same group of pixel can be continuous distribution, also can be discontinuous (being distributed in the diverse location region of whole transducer linear array).
Driving pulse sequence 1 (Fig. 4) is conventional driving pulse sequence; When realizing subsection integral function, driving pulse sequence 1 may be used for the initial reset of imageing sensor, and the normal data that also may be used for imageing sensor reads.Φ
stthe signal that frame starts, Φ
stafter positive pulse exports, Φ
1, Φ
2provide according to mutually anti-phase form, on video signal cable will with Φ
1, Φ
2output on video signal cable.Φ
st, Φ
1, Φ
2specific requirement, as rising time, trailing edge time, pulse duration, phase relation (Φ
stadvanced Φ
1, Φ
2time) and video frequency output and Φ
1, Φ
2correlation, as phase relation, (vision signal is at Φ
1, Φ
2rising edge or trailing edge export, Φ
stafter output, the vision signal of first pixel appears at Φ
1, Φ
2which cycle in), these parameters are relevant with the concrete model of transducer, need to determine according to the service manual of transducer, but the difference of these design parameters does not affect the adaptability of the method for the invention.As shown in Figure 4, Φ
stafter output, the vision signal of first pixel just appears at Φ
1, Φ
2the trailing edge of one-period.
Φ
selectat Φ
sthigh level (gating switch conducting) is become while becoming high level, at the end of frame readout interval, Φ when End becomes high level from low level
selectbecome low level (gating switch shutoff).Φ
selectbecome the moment of high level from low level, need before first pixel readout interval starts; Φ
selectbecome the moment of high level from low level, need after in the end a pixel readout interval terminates; Neither do strict restriction, can in a big way value.When not using the subsection integral function of imageing sensor, namely the time of integration of all pixels is identical, Φ
selectcan always be high level.
Fig. 4, as a difference or improvements, is, gives in a frame readout interval, when all pixels all read, and the control method of reading circuit gating switch.
Driving pulse sequence 2 is the read pulse of one group of pel data of the identical time of integration in imageing sensor, as shown in Figure 5, is the general designation of one group of driving pulse sequence.If in present frame readout interval, need the view data reading kth group pixel, the corresponding time of integration is T
k, the sequence number of this group pixel is
(N altogether
kindividual).In the reading driver' s timing of this two field picture, φ
st, φ
1, φ
2do not change, with driving pulse sequence 1.1st ~ k-1 group pixel does not need to read, therefore, and the control signal strobe pulse φ of these pixel readout interval internal gating switches
select, keep low level, gating switch turns off always, and signal output part no signal exports (low level represents that gating switch turns off).Kth group pixel, pixel position sequence number
need to read, therefore, the control signal φ of these pixel readout interval internal gating switches
select, become high level, gating switch conducting, signal output part has signal to export.Kth+1 ~ m group pixel does not need to read, therefore, and the control signal strobe pulse φ of these pixel readout interval internal gating switches
select, be low level, gating switch turns off, and signal output part no signal exports.
Fig. 5, as a difference or improvements, is, gives in a frame readout interval, when only having a certain group of pixel to read, and the control method of reading circuit gating switch.
Realize transducer when realizing subsection integral function, read a two field picture, multiple frame readout interval and corresponding frame is needed to read driving pulse sequence, each frame reads sequence for reading the pixel of certain time of integration, when requiring subsection integral, the number of the different time of integration is exactly the number that required frame readout interval and corresponding frame read driving pulse sequence.
When realizing the driving pulse sequence of subsection integral, the time of integration T
i1≤i≤m is any value in the allowed band of the time of integration, read the view data of all pixels, first according to the difference of subsection integral time, the time of integration of all m group pixels is sorted according to carrying out from small to large, if the time of integration of subsection integral is designated as T again after sequence
j_i, 1≤j_i≤m, m is total number of the different time of integration in subsection integral, and:
T
j_1≤T
j_2≤…≤T
j_m
Driver' s timing (Fig. 6) is as follows:
A), during t=0, apply driving pulse sequence 1, imageing sensor is resetted;
B) t=T
j_1time, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data of j_1 group pixel, the time of integration of this group pixel is T
j_1;
C) according to the time of integration of order from small to large, for the often group pixel that the time of integration is different, all a whole frame read pulse sequence is applied to imageing sensor, i.e. pulse train 2; Specific descriptions are: t=T
j_itime, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data of j_i group pixel, the time of integration of this group pixel is T
j_i;
D) t=T
j_mtime, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data of j_m group pixel, the time of integration of this group pixel is T
j_m; One frame image data reads complete, after all data read merge, is a frame image data in step b, c, d.Come back to step a).
In the sequence of driving pulse shown in Fig. 6, the time of integration of all pixels is all from moment t=0, and the reading of different pixel is alignd forward in time.
The sequence of driving pulse shown in Fig. 6 is as improvements, and its innovative point is, gives the method for designing of a kind of driving pulse sequence realizing subsection integral, uses reset pulse sequence and read pulse sequence fit to realize subsection integral function.In the start time of integration period, apply reset pulse sequence, all pixels reset; When arriving the time of integration of a certain group of pixel, applying driving pulse sequence 2, reading this group pulse.After the pixel of all groups all reads, start a new readout interval.
Realize the method for designing of a kind of driving pulse sequence of subsection integral shown in Fig. 6, use reset pulse sequence and read pulse sequence fit to realize subsection integral function.In the start time of integration period, apply reset pulse sequence, all pixels reset; When arriving the time of integration of a certain group of pixel, applying driving pulse sequence 2, reading this group pulse.After the pixel of all groups all reads, start a new readout interval.
The driver' s timing (Fig. 7) alignd backward the time of integration is as follows:
A), during t=0, apply driving pulse sequence 1, make imageing sensor initialization, reset;
B) t=T
j_m-T
j_ (m-1)time, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data that j_ (m-1) organizes pixel, but the pel data read is invalid data, the effect of pulse train organizes pixel to j_ (m-1) to reset;
C) according to the time of integration of order from big to small, for the often group pixel that the time of integration is different, all frame read pulse sequence, i.e. a pulse train 2 are applied to imageing sensor; Specific descriptions are: t=T
j_m-T
j_itime, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data of j_i group pixel, the pel data of reading is invalid data, and the effect of pulse train resets to j_i group pixel;
D) t=T
j_mtime, apply driving pulse sequence 1, read the data of all pixels, the data that this frame reads are the frame image data under subsection integral.Restart timing, t=0, come back to step b).
In the sequence of driving pulse shown in Fig. 7, the time of integration of all pixels is all at moment t=T
j_min time, terminates, and the reading of different pixel is alignd in time backward.This driving pulse sequence does not need independent frame reading driving pulse sequence pair imageing sensor to reset.
The sequence of driving pulse shown in Fig. 7 is as improvements, and its innovative point is, gives the method for designing of a kind of driving pulse sequence realizing subsection integral, uses reset pulse sequence and read pulse sequence fit to realize subsection integral function.At integration period not in the same time, respectively the pixel of the different time of integration is resetted, the integration of all pixels was terminated in the same moment.In this finish time, apply reset pulse sequence, read the data of all groups of pixels.Then, the readout interval that beginning one is new.
Realize the method for designing of a kind of driving pulse sequence of subsection integral shown in Fig. 7, use reset pulse sequence and read pulse sequence fit to realize subsection integral function.At integration period not in the same time, respectively the pixel of the different time of integration is resetted, the integration of all pixels was terminated in the same moment.In this finish time, apply reset pulse sequence, read the data of all groups of pixels.Then, the readout interval that beginning one is new.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for clearly example being described, and the restriction not to execution mode.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all execution modes.And thus the apparent change of extending out or variation be still among the protection range of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a NMOS line scan image sensor, is characterized in that, comprising:
The sensor pixels divided into groups is carried out according to the time of integration;
The driving pulse sequence 1 that initial reset for imageing sensor and the normal data for imageing sensor read;
As the driving pulse sequence 2 of the read pulse of one group of pel data of the time of integration identical in imageing sensor.
2. NMOS line scan image sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when the pixel of transducer divided into groups according to the time of integration:
If the quantity of sensor pixels is N, on imageing sensor the position number of pixel be designated as 1,2 ..., N;
According to the difference of the time of integration, all for transducer pixels are divided into m group, corresponding pixel number is respectively N
1, N
2..., N
m,
the corresponding time of integration is respectively T
1, T
2..., T
m;
The time of integration is T
iin one group of pixel of 1≤i≤m, pixel position number is in the image sensor designated as:
P
i,1，P
i,2，P
i,j(1≤j≤N
i)，
3. NMOS line scan image sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described driving pulse sequence 1 meets:
Φ
stthe signal that frame starts, Φ
stafter positive pulse exports, Φ
1, Φ
2provide according to mutually anti-phase form, on video signal cable will with Φ
1, Φ
2output on video signal cable;
Φ
selectat Φ
sthigh level is become while becoming high level, at the end of frame readout interval, Φ when End becomes high level from low level
selectbecome low level;
Φ
selectbecome the moment of high level from low level, need before first pixel readout interval starts; Φ
selectbecome the moment of high level from low level, need after in the end a pixel readout interval terminates.
4. NMOS line scan image sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described driving pulse sequence 2 meets:
In the pixel readout interval of 1st ~ k-1 group pixel, the control signal strobe pulse φ of gating switch
selectkeep low level, gating switch turns off, and signal output part no signal exports;
The control signal φ of the pixel readout interval internal gating switch of kth group pixel
select, become high level, gating switch conducting, signal output part has signal to export;
The control signal strobe pulse φ of the pixel readout interval internal gating switch of kth+1 ~ m group pixel
select, be low level, gating switch turns off, and signal output part no signal exports.
5. NMOS line scan image sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, to be the driver' s timing alignd forward be in time in the reading of pixel:
A), during t=0, apply driving pulse sequence 1, imageing sensor is resetted;
B) t=T
j_1time, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data of j_1 group pixel, the time of integration of this group pixel is T
j_1;
C) according to the time of integration of order from small to large, for the difference t=T time of integration
j_ioften group pixel, all apply driving pulse sequence 2 to imageing sensor, read the data of j_i group pixel, the time of integration of this group pixel is T
j_i;
D) t=T
j_mtime, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data of j_m group pixel, the time of integration of this group pixel is T
j_m; One frame image data reads complete, after all data read merge, is a frame image data in step b, c, d; Then step a is come back to.
6. NMOS line scan image sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the driver' s timing alignd backward the time of integration is:
A), during t=0, apply driving pulse sequence 1, make imageing sensor initialization, reset;
B) t=T
j_m-T
j_ (m-1)time, apply driving pulse sequence 2, read the data that j_ (m-1) organizes pixel, but the pel data read is invalid data, the effect of pulse train organizes pixel to j_ (m-1) to reset;
C) according to the time of integration of order from big to small, for the difference t=T time of integration
j_ioften group pixel, at the time t=T of correspondence
j_m-T
j_i, driving pulse sequence 2 is applied to imageing sensor, j_i group pixel is resetted;
D) t=T
j_mtime, apply driving pulse sequence 1, read the data of all pixels, the data that this frame reads are the frame image data under subsection integral; Reclocking t=0, then comes back to step b.
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| CN109413348A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-01 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Can be applied to imaging sensor resets Timing driver method based on frame |
| CN109413348B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2021-01-01 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Frame reset based time sequence driving method applicable to image sensor |
| CN110057407A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-07-26 | 山东黄河河务局工程建设中心 | A kind of dam safety monitoring method and system |
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| CN104219467B (en) | 2018-09-14 |
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