CN109040622B - CMOS image sensor exposure time sequence control method - Google Patents
CMOS image sensor exposure time sequence control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109040622B CN109040622B CN201810959270.3A CN201810959270A CN109040622B CN 109040622 B CN109040622 B CN 109040622B CN 201810959270 A CN201810959270 A CN 201810959270A CN 109040622 B CN109040622 B CN 109040622B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
- H04N25/53—Control of the integration time
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
- H04N23/73—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the exposure time
Abstract
The invention discloses a CMOS image sensor exposure time sequence control method, which is innovative in that: in the control of a single non-initial frame period, a detection stage is added to detect the time size relation between the current exposure time and the reading time of the previous frame period, and the end time of the detection stage is adjusted according to the detection result, so that the CMOS image sensor can automatically adjust the initial time of the exposure operation according to the exposure time; the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the method can automatically adjust the initial time of exposure operation by detecting the current exposure time and the time of the reading time of the previous frame period, ensure that the CMOS image sensor can normally work under various exposure time conditions, and finally greatly expand the adjustability of the exposure time of the CMOS image sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a CMOS image sensor control technology, in particular to a CMOS image sensor exposure time sequence control method.
Background
The main circuits in the CMOS image sensor include a pixel circuit for generating photo-generated charges, an amplification quantization processing circuit for amplifying and quantizing the photo-generated charges, and a readout circuit for reading out a signal output from the amplification quantization processing circuit.
When the readout circuit works normally, the image signals can only be processed frame by frame, if the readout operation of the image signal of the previous frame is not finished, the image signal of the next frame enters the readout circuit, which will cause the CMOS image sensor to work abnormally, therefore, when designing the control timing sequence, the constraint relation between the readout time of the image of the previous frame and the exposure time of the image of the next frame needs to be considered.
In practical situations, the adjustable exposure time is an important performance index of the CMOS image sensor, and the adjustable exposure time leads to a more complex constraint relationship, and has an adjustable exposure time, which is uncertain in length, and the exposure time may be longer than or shorter than the readout time; the existing CMOS image sensor can not automatically adjust the constraint relation, so that the prior art generally needs to synchronously change the corresponding control time sequence when changing the exposure time, the time sequence design is very troublesome, and for a single CMOS image sensor, a large amount of control time sequences cannot be prestored on a device, so that the single CMOS image sensor can only adjust in a limited number of exposure time types, and the adjustment flexibility is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background art, the invention provides a CMOS image sensor exposure time sequence control method, wherein the CMOS image sensor continuously outputs single-frame image data according to a frame period; the first frame period is marked as an initial frame period, and the subsequent frame periods are marked as non-initial frame periods; the innovation lies in that: the processing of a single non-initial frame period comprises the following four processing stages: a detection stage, an exposure stage, a signal processing stage and a signal reading stage; the detection stage, the exposure stage, the signal processing stage and the signal reading stage corresponding to the current non-initial frame period are respectively marked as a current detection stage, a current exposure stage, a current signal processing stage and a current signal reading stage; recording the time length of the current exposure stage as the current exposure time; the time length of the signal reading stage is recorded as the reading time; when the current detection stage is finished, the current exposure stage is immediately started, when the current exposure stage is finished, the current signal processing stage is immediately started, and when the current signal processing stage is finished, the current signal reading stage is immediately started; when the current exposure stage starts, synchronously starting a detection stage of a next non-initial frame period;
in the current detection phase, the current exposure time is compared with the read-out time of the previous frame period: if the current exposure time is longer than the reading time of the previous frame period, adjusting the ending time of the current detection stage to synchronize the starting time of the current exposure stage with the starting time of the reading stage of the previous frame period; if the current exposure time is less than the reading time of the previous frame period, adjusting the end time of the current detection stage to synchronize the end time of the current exposure stage with the end time of the reading stage of the previous frame period;
in the current exposure stage, controlling a pixel circuit of the CMOS image sensor to perform exposure operation to generate photo-generated charges;
in the current signal processing stage, an amplification quantization processing circuit of the CMOS image sensor is controlled to amplify and quantize the photo-generated charges output by the pixel circuit;
and in the current signal reading stage, the reading circuit of the CMOS image sensor is controlled to carry out transfer operation on the signal output by the amplification and quantization processing circuit.
The principle of the invention is as follows: in the control of a single non-initial frame period, a detection stage is added to detect the time size relation between the current exposure time and the reading time of the previous frame period, and the end time of the detection stage is adjusted according to the detection result, so that the CMOS image sensor can automatically adjust the initial time of the exposure operation according to the exposure time, the CMOS image sensor can normally work under various exposure time conditions, and finally the adjustability of the exposure time of the CMOS image sensor can be greatly expanded.
In order to implement the invention for the technicians in the field, the invention also discloses a CMOS image sensor exposure time sequence control device based on the method, wherein the CMOS image sensor comprises a pixel circuit, an amplification quantization processing circuit and a reading circuit which are matched with each other; the innovation lies in that: the CMOS image sensor exposure time sequence control device comprises an exposure time register, an exposure time detection module, an exposure time counting module, an exposure time sequence control module, an FOT time sequence control module, a reading time sequence control module, a comparison module, an exposure initial position control module, a control circuit and three data selectors; the three data selectors are respectively marked as a first data selector, a second data selector and a third data selector;
the data selector is provided with two input ends, an output end and a control end, the control end of the data selector is used for receiving a control signal, and the data selector can gate one of the two input ends to the output end under the control of the control signal; the control circuit is provided with four control signal output ends, an enabling signal output end and a data transmission port;
the exposure time register is connected with a first control signal output end of the control circuit, and meanwhile, the exposure time register is connected with a first input end of the first data selector; the exposure time detection module is connected with a second control signal output end of the control circuit, and meanwhile, the exposure time detection module is connected with a second input end of the first data selector; the control end of the first data selector is connected with the third control signal output end of the control circuit;
the exposure time counting module is connected with the output end of the first data selector, and meanwhile, the exposure time counting module is connected with the output end of the second data selector; the control end of the second data selector is connected with the fourth control signal output end of the control circuit, the first input end of the second data selector is connected with the enable signal output end of the control circuit, and the second input end of the second data selector is connected with the output end of the third data selector;
the exposure time sequence control module is connected with the exposure time counting module;
the FOT time sequence control module is connected with the exposure time sequence control module, and meanwhile, the FOT time sequence control module is connected with a first input end of the third data selector;
the readout time sequence control module is connected with the FOT time sequence control module;
the comparison module is connected with a data transmission port of the control circuit, and the output end of the comparison module is connected with the control end of the data selector III;
the exposure initial position control module is connected with a second input end of the third data selector, and meanwhile, the exposure initial position control module is connected with the exposure time counting module;
the control circuit can control the action of the exposure time register through the first control signal output end, and can modify the internal exposure time prestored in the exposure time register; the control circuit can control the action of the exposure time detection module through a second control signal output end, and can output a trigger pulse and an end pulse to the exposure time detection module in sequence; the control circuit can control the action of the first data selector through the third control signal output end; the control circuit can control the action of the second data selector through a fourth control signal output end; the control circuit can output an enable signal to the second data selector through an enable signal output end; the control circuit can output exposure control time and reading time to the comparison module through the data transmission port; the reading time is the duration of the reading operation;
the exposure time detection module can detect the time interval of the trigger pulse and the end pulse in a counting mode, and the time interval is recorded as external exposure time; the first data selector can output one of the internal exposure time and the external exposure time to the exposure time counting module under the control of the control circuit; recording an output signal of the first data selector as exposure time;
the signal output by the second data selector is recorded as a trigger signal; the exposure time counting module can buffer the received exposure time; when the exposure time is obtained, the exposure time counting module transmits the exposure time to the exposure initial position control module; the exposure time counting module can output a starting command to the exposure time sequence control module under the triggering of the triggering signal; when the starting command is output, the exposure time counting module starts counting, and when the counting duration reaches the duration of the exposure time, the exposure time counting module synchronously outputs an ending command to the exposure time sequence control module and the exposure starting position control module;
when a starting command is received, the exposure time sequence control module outputs a first driving signal to the pixel circuit to control the pixel circuit to carry out exposure operation; when receiving an end command, the exposure time sequence control module outputs a second driving signal to the pixel circuit and controls the pixel circuit to end exposure operation; the exposure time sequence control module outputs a first trigger signal to the FOT time sequence control module while outputting a second driving signal;
an FOT control time sequence is prestored in the FOT time sequence control module; when receiving the first trigger signal, the FOT time sequence control module controls the amplification and quantization processing circuit to amplify and quantize the photo-generated charge output by the pixel circuit according to the FOT control time sequence; when the amplification and quantization processing is finished, the FOT time sequence control module synchronously outputs a second trigger signal to the third data selector and the read time sequence control module;
a readout timing control module is internally pre-stored with a readout control timing; when receiving the second trigger signal, the reading time sequence control module controls the reading circuit to read the signal output by the amplification and quantization processing circuit according to the reading control time sequence;
after receiving the exposure control time and the reading time, the comparison module can compare the duration of the exposure control time with the duration of the reading time: if the reading time is longer than the exposure control time, the comparison module outputs a first command to the data selector III; if the reading time is shorter than the exposure control time, the comparison module outputs a second command to the third data selector;
when receiving a command I, the data selector III gates the governed second input end and the governed output end; when receiving the command II, the data selector III gates the managed first input end and the managed output end;
the exposure starting position control module is internally pre-stored with reference time, and the reference time is equal to the sum of signal processing time and reading time; the time length of the signal processing time information is the time length of amplification and quantization processing; after receiving the exposure time, the exposure initial position control module can calculate the time difference between the exposure time and the reference time; and after receiving the ending command, the exposure initial position control module starts counting, and when the counting time length reaches the time length of the time difference value, the exposure initial position control module outputs a third trigger signal to the third data selector.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the method can automatically adjust the initial time of exposure operation by detecting the current exposure time and the time of the reading time of the previous frame period, ensure that the CMOS image sensor can normally work under various exposure time conditions, and finally greatly expand the adjustability of the exposure time of the CMOS image sensor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first diagram illustrating the timing relationship between the exposure operation and the readout operation;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram illustrating the timing relationship between the exposure operation and the readout operation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention when the exposure time is less than the readout time;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention when the exposure time is greater than the readout time;
the names corresponding to each mark in the figure are respectively: the exposure control system comprises an exposure time register 1, an exposure time detection module 2, an exposure time counting module 3, an exposure time sequence control module 4, an FOT time sequence control module 5, a reading time sequence control module 6, a comparison module 7, an exposure initial position control module 8, a control circuit 9 and three data selectors; the three data selectors are respectively marked as a first data selector 10, a second data selector 11, a third data selector 12, and the FOT in the figure represents a signal processing stage.
Detailed Description
The principles of the invention are explained below in conjunction with the following drawings:
referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the case shown in fig. 2, after the exposure time is adjusted, the exposure time of the (i + 1) th frame is less than the readout time of the (i) th frame, and in the case shown in fig. 3, after the exposure time is adjusted, the exposure time of the (i + 1) th frame is greater than the readout time of the (i) th frame; fig. 2 and 3 show two common cases when the exposure time is adjusted, namely, the adjusted exposure time may be smaller than the readout time of the previous frame (the case shown in fig. 2) or larger than the readout time of the previous frame (the case shown in fig. 3); after the exposure time is changed, the control time sequence of the CMOS image sensor needs to be correspondingly changed, otherwise, the CMOS image sensor cannot work normally; in order to ensure the normal operation of the CMOS image sensor, in the case shown in fig. 2, the readout operation of the ith frame should be finished in synchronization with the exposure operation of the (i + 1) th frame, and in the case shown in fig. 3, the readout operation of the ith frame should be started in synchronization with the exposure operation of the (i + 1) th frame; in practical situations, the exposure time of a CMOS image sensor is usually adjusted manually and actively, and for the CMOS image sensor, the adjusted exposure time is uncertain, which causes a problem that the exposure time and the control timing are difficult to synchronize; after the scheme of the invention is adopted, when the CMOS image sensor starts a new non-initial frame period, the current exposure time and the reading time of the previous frame period are judged through the detection stage, and the ending time of the detection stage is dynamically adjusted according to the judgment result (namely the starting time of the exposure operation of the next frame period is adjusted), so that the synchronization of the exposure time and the control time sequence is realized; after the present invention is adopted, corresponding to the two cases shown in fig. 2 and 3, the time sequence relations of the processing stages of the two frame periods before and after are respectively shown in fig. 4 and 5.
The CMOS image sensor exposure time sequence control device is a hardware scheme obtained on the basis of the method, and the device also integrates two control modes of external exposure and internal exposure in consideration of the fact that the conventional CMOS image sensor usually adopts a working mode combining external exposure and internal exposure; from the device operation point of view, the difference between the external exposure mode and the internal exposure mode is only that the exposure time source is different, in the external exposure mode, the exposure time is determined by the time interval of the trigger pulse and the end pulse output by the control circuit 9, in the internal exposure mode, the exposure time is provided by the exposure time register 1; the following explains the specific operation procedure by taking the external exposure mode as an example:
1) the control circuit 9 firstly controls the first data selector 10 to gate the exposure time detection module 2 and the exposure time counting module 3, meanwhile, if the current frame period is an initial frame period, the control circuit 9 controls the second data selector 11 to gate the enable signal output end and the exposure time counting module 3, and if the current frame period is a non-initial frame period, the control circuit 9 controls the second data selector 11 to gate the third data selector 12 and the exposure time counting module 3; then, the control circuit 9 outputs a trigger pulse and an end pulse to the exposure time detection module 2 in sequence, and at the same time of outputting the trigger pulse, the control circuit 9 outputs exposure control time and reading time to the comparison module 7 (the exposure control time at this moment is the time interval between the currently output trigger pulse and the corresponding end pulse; because the reading time and the amplification and quantization processing time are not influenced by the change of the exposure time, the reading time and the amplification and quantization processing time are both regarded as fixed values);
after receiving the exposure control time and the readout time, the comparison module 7 can compare the duration of the exposure control time and the readout time: if the reading time is longer than the exposure control time, the exposure time of the next frame and the reading time of the previous frame are required to be synchronously finished at the moment, and the alignment time is required to be provided by the exposure initial position control module 8, so that the comparison module 7 outputs a first command to the data selector III 12, and the data selector III 12 gates the exposure initial position control module 8 and the data selector II 11; if the reading time is less than the exposure control time, the exposure time of the next frame and the reading time of the previous frame need to be started synchronously, and the alignment time needs to be provided by the FOT time sequence control module 5, so that the comparison module 7 outputs a command II to the data selector III 12, and the data selector III 12 enables the FOT time sequence control module 5 and the data selector II 11 to be gated; under the condition of an initial frame period, because the second data selector 11 does not gate the third data selector 12 and the exposure time counting module 3, the exposure starting position control module 8 and the FOT time sequence control module 5 do not play a role in the initial frame period;
2) when receiving the trigger pulse, the exposure time detection module 2 starts counting, and when receiving the end pulse, the exposure time detection module 2 stops counting and obtains the time interval between the trigger pulse and the end pulse, namely the external exposure time, and the exposure time detection module 2 transmits the external exposure time to the exposure time counting module 3 for caching; when the external exposure time is obtained, the exposure time counting module 3 transmits the external exposure time to the exposure initial position control module 8;
3) if the current frame period is the initial frame period, the trigger signal output by the second data selector 11 is from the enable signal output by the enable signal output terminal, and if the current frame period is the non-initial frame period, the trigger signal output by the second data selector 11 is from the output signal of the third data selector 12 (i.e. from one of the exposure initial position control module 8 and the FOT timing control module 5); under the control of the trigger signal, the exposure time counting module 3 outputs a start command to the exposure time sequence control module 4; when outputting a start command, the exposure time counting module 3 starts counting, and when the counting duration reaches the duration of the external exposure time, the exposure time counting module 3 synchronously outputs an end command to the exposure time sequence control module 4 and the exposure initial position control module 8;
when receiving a start command, the exposure timing control module 4 outputs a first driving signal to the pixel circuit to control the pixel circuit to perform an exposure operation; when receiving the end command, the exposure timing control module 4 outputs a second driving signal to the pixel circuit to control the pixel circuit to end the exposure operation; while outputting the second driving signal, the exposure timing control module 4 outputs a first trigger signal to the FOT timing control module 5;
when receiving the end command, the exposure starting position control module 8 starts counting, and when the counting time length reaches the time length of the time difference value, the exposure starting position control module 8 outputs a third trigger signal to the third data selector 12; if the current frame period is a non-initial frame period and the readout time is longer than the exposure control time, the trigger signal output by the second data selector 11 is from the third trigger signal output by the exposure start position control module 8 (it should be noted that, in the non-initial frame period, if the readout time is longer than the exposure control time, the third trigger signal output by the exposure start position control module 8 is an error signal at this time, but since the third data selector 12 does not gate the exposure start position control module 8 and the second data selector 11 at this time, the normal operation of the device is not affected);
4) when receiving the first trigger signal, the FOT timing control module 5 controls the amplification quantization processing circuit to amplify and quantize the photo-generated charges output by the pixel circuit according to the FOT control timing; when the amplification and quantization processing is finished, the FOT time sequence control module 5 synchronously outputs a second trigger signal to the data selector III 12 and the reading time sequence control module 6; if the current frame period is a non-initial frame period and the readout time is less than the exposure control time, in step 3), the trigger signal output by the second data selector 11 is from the second trigger signal output by the FOT timing control module 5 (corresponding to the exposure start position control module 8, in the non-initial frame period, if the readout time is less than the exposure control time, the second trigger signal output by the FOT timing control module 5 is also an error signal, but since the third data selector 12 does not gate the FOT timing control module 5 and the second data selector 11 at this time, the normal operation of the device is not affected);
5) when receiving the second trigger signal, the reading timing control module 6 controls the reading circuit to read the signal output by the amplification and quantization processing circuit according to the reading control timing;
when the CMOS image sensor operates in the internal exposure mode, the operation process thereof differs from the foregoing process only in that: at first, the control circuit 9 controls the first data selector 10 to gate the exposure time register 1 and the exposure time counting module 3, and at the same time, the control circuit 9 does not control the exposure time detection module 2 to output trigger pulses and end pulses any more, but controls the exposure time register 1 to output internal exposure time; in the external working mode, the technician makes the control circuit 9 output corresponding trigger pulses and end pulses to realize the exposure time adjustment through the man-machine interaction device, and in the internal working mode, the technician makes the control circuit 9 modify the internal exposure time in the exposure time register 1 through the man-machine interaction device to realize the exposure time adjustment.
Although the present invention provides only one embodiment, various devices adopted in the foregoing devices and partial functions achieved by a single device are common in the prior art, and a person skilled in the art with the basic knowledge in the art can construct control devices with different structures after the principle of the present invention is clarified.
After the invention is adopted, no matter which working mode the CMOS image sensor works in, the CMOS image sensor can automatically realize the synchronization of the exposure time and the control time sequence after the exposure time is adjusted, thereby greatly improving the flexibility of the exposure time adjustment and enabling the CMOS image sensor to be suitable for more exposure scenes.
Claims (1)
1. A CMOS image sensor exposure time sequence control method, the said CMOS image sensor outputs the image data of the single frame continuously according to the frame cycle; the first frame period is marked as an initial frame period, and the subsequent frame periods are marked as non-initial frame periods; the method is characterized in that: the processing of a single non-initial frame period comprises the following four processing stages: a detection stage, an exposure stage, a signal processing stage and a signal reading stage; the detection stage, the exposure stage, the signal processing stage and the signal reading stage corresponding to the current non-initial frame period are respectively marked as a current detection stage, a current exposure stage, a current signal processing stage and a current signal reading stage; recording the time length of the current exposure stage as the current exposure time; the time length of the signal reading stage is recorded as the reading time; when the current detection stage is finished, the current exposure stage is immediately started, when the current exposure stage is finished, the current signal processing stage is immediately started, and when the current signal processing stage is finished, the current signal reading stage is immediately started; when the current exposure stage starts, synchronously starting a detection stage of a next non-initial frame period;
in the current detection phase, the current exposure time is compared with the read-out time of the previous frame period: if the current exposure time is longer than the reading time of the previous frame period, adjusting the ending time of the current detection stage to synchronize the starting time of the current exposure stage with the starting time of the reading stage of the previous frame period; if the current exposure time is less than the reading time of the previous frame period, adjusting the end time of the current detection stage to synchronize the end time of the current exposure stage with the end time of the reading stage of the previous frame period;
in the current exposure stage, controlling a pixel circuit of the CMOS image sensor to perform exposure operation to generate photo-generated charges;
in the current signal processing stage, an amplification quantization processing circuit of the CMOS image sensor is controlled to amplify and quantize the photo-generated charges output by the pixel circuit;
and in the current signal reading stage, the reading circuit of the CMOS image sensor is controlled to carry out transfer operation on the signal output by the amplification and quantization processing circuit.
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| CN113473036B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-03-17 | 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 | Image exposure method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN114040132B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-11-21 | 成都微光集电科技有限公司 | Image sensor, exposure time sequence control method, system and medium thereof |
| CN114125338B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-10-24 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Timing synchronization method based on 3D integrated chip |
| CN115134492B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2024-03-19 | 北京极光智芯科技有限公司 | Image acquisition method, electronic device, and computer-readable medium |
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