CN104204452A - 具有铝制轴承壳体的涡轮增压器 - Google Patents
具有铝制轴承壳体的涡轮增压器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104204452A CN104204452A CN201380017646.4A CN201380017646A CN104204452A CN 104204452 A CN104204452 A CN 104204452A CN 201380017646 A CN201380017646 A CN 201380017646A CN 104204452 A CN104204452 A CN 104204452A
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/14—Lubrication of pumps; Safety measures therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/022—Anodisation on selected surface areas
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
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- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
- F01D25/166—Sliding contact bearing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/024—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the driving means being assisted by a power recovery turbine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
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- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/06—Lubrication
- F04D29/063—Lubrication specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
- C25D11/08—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/12—Light metals
- F05D2300/121—Aluminium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
- F05D2300/506—Hardness
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
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- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
在一种铝制涡轮增压器轴承壳体中，轴承壳体在与轴颈轴承系统的界面处潜在地存在磨损。通过一个保护性硬质阳极氧化过的表面，可以改善该轴承壳体的耐磨性和耐化学侵蚀性，这样使得铝制轴承壳体可以在大大减少重量的情况下具有铸铁轴承壳体的寿命。
Description
发明领域
本发明总体上涉及具有铝制轴承壳体的涡轮增压器，并且特别是涉及具有针对耐磨性而化学改性的轴承表面的铝制轴承壳体。
发明背景
涡轮增压器是一种强制进气系统。它们将空气以与在正常吸气构型中的可能情况相比更大的密度传送到发动机进气中，从而允许燃烧更多的燃料，因此在没有明显增加发动机重量的情况下提升了发动机的马力。
包括涡轮机叶轮、轴以及压缩机叶轮的旋转组件以高达300,000RPM的速度旋转。涡轮增压器的寿命应当对应于发动机的寿命，对于商用车辆而言其可以是1，000,000km。为了实现这么长的寿命，就在该轴承壳体内使用流体动压轴颈轴承来支持该旋转组件。一个中空圆柱形流体动压式或“浮动”式轴颈轴承在该轴承壳体中被插入在该轴与轴承孔之间，其中轴承间隙仅仅是百分之几毫米。由于该轴在轴颈轴承内的一个油膜上转动，油中的剪切张力带动浮动轴颈轴承跟随该轴的旋转运动。正常能看到该轴承在静止的轴承壳体中以轴速度的大约33％旋转。
在现代汽车应用中，车辆的质量对车辆效率具有直接的影响、并且因此是主要问题。在一种减少涡轮增压器的质量的尝试中，用铝制轴承壳体来代替以往传统的灰口铁轴承壳体。对轴承壳体而言，这种材料的改变产生了55％至65％范围内的质量减少。然而，与灰口铁相比铝相对较软。轴颈轴承在其中旋转的、铝制轴承壳体中的孔可能在涡轮增压器的预期寿命内不能承受暴露于来自轴颈轴承的负荷。
也就是说，该轴不是围绕一条确切的轴线旋转；而是该轴沿一系列轨道运行(参见美国专利申请公开号US 2010/0008767 A1)。流体动压轴承允许该轴在控制下旋转。随着该轴速度提高，该轴的末端在该压缩机端处沿小的环路运行，并且这些环路本身沿一个较大的轨迹运行。涡轮增压器的转子动力学是相当复杂的。该旋转组件上的动态负荷可能来自于旋转组件的不平衡或者旋转组件的模态偏振；来自于例如发动机振动的发动机事件、排气歧管振动、燃烧事件等；以及来自于车辆事件(例如，行驶在粗糙路面上)。不能期望铝制孔在涡轮增压器的整个寿命内承受反复暴露给这些力。
已知将一个钢制套管插入一个轴承壳体的轴承孔中以用于提供具有改善耐磨性的支撑表面。然而，压缩装配套管可能会导致套管内表面偏离完美的圆度，这可能对轴承的稳定性和旋转轴的效率产生不利影响。虽然这种变形可以通过套管的压后机加工或磨削恢复圆柱度来纠正，但希望的是避免需要(a)检测和(b)校正缺陷。此外，不相似的金属之间的接触会加速钢的腐蚀。
因此，对于在涡轮增压器中能够允许使用铝制轴承壳体的并同时提供与轴颈轴承的适当界面的系统和方法存在一种需求。
发明概述
在此描述的实施例通过提供一种用于保护轴承壳体与浮动轴颈轴承之间界面的系统和方法有助于铝制轴承壳体的使用，从而避免了因使用铝制轴承壳体可能出现的磨损和其他问题，并同时允许与使用这种重量轻的轴承壳体相关联的优点得以实现。
附图简要说明
本发明是通过举例而非限制的方式展示在附图中，该附图示出了具有流体动压轴颈轴承的典型的涡轮增压器轴承壳体和旋转组件的截面视图。
发明详细说明
包括涡轮机叶轮(1)、轴(3)以及压缩机叶轮(2)的旋转组件通过插入在该轴与轴承壳体中的轴承孔之间的、间隙仅为百分之几毫米的一对空心圆柱形流体动压式或“浮动”式轴颈轴承(5)而被旋转地支持在轴承壳体(4)内。
涡轮增压器利用来自发动机排气歧管的排气流来驱动涡轮机叶轮(1)。由涡轮机叶轮(1)提取的能量被转换成旋转运动，该旋转运动经由该轴(3)被传输来驱动压缩机叶轮(2)，该压缩机叶轮被定位在一个压缩机盖件中(未示出)。该压缩机叶轮抽取空气进入压缩机壳体、压缩这些空气并且将该空气输送到该发动机的进气侧。
轴(3)被旋转地支持在被供油的、典型地由发动机油泵供应油的流体动压轴承上。这些“浮动”轴颈轴承(5)在该轴承壳体内自由旋转，并且该轴在该轴颈轴承内自由旋转。典型地，轴颈轴承孔(6)被精加工到非常高的圆柱度和表面光洁度。围绕轴的轴线(7)相对于轴颈轴承(5)内表面的该轴的旋转动作产生了一个多叶式油楔，该油楔在轴颈轴承内支持该轴。油中的剪切张力带动该轴颈轴承跟随轴的旋转运动。该轴承的旋转速度大约是该轴的速度的三分之一。对于轴与内轴承之间的动力系而言，旋转的轴承的外直径与静止的轴承壳体孔的内直径之间的相对运动产生了一个相似的多叶式油楔，该油楔然后在该轴承壳体内支持该轴颈轴承。
大多数涡轮增压器通过压缩机壳体底座安装到发动机上。在这些情况下，道路振动和发动机振动通过该底座传输到轴承壳体和旋转组件，所以容易磨损轴颈轴承与轴承壳体之间的界面。
根据本发明，因为该轴承孔的表面被硬质阳极氧化，轴承壳体(4)中的轴承孔(6)的韧性和耐磨性得到提高。铝的简单的阳极氧化是通过使用强酸性浴来沉积氧化铝镀层。这种方法的一个缺点是所产生的阳极氧化镀层的性质。氧化铝镀层不是非常能够抵抗酸和碱。“硬质阳极氧化”是产生更硬且更耐用镀层的、使用较高电压和较低温度的工艺的延伸。所谓的硬质阳极氧化铝导致在Ph＜1且温度低于3℃时通过阳极镀层沉积的较硬的氧化铝镀层，该镀层产生一种阿尔法相氧化铝晶体结构。铝和铝合金的硬质阳极氧化能够产生具有蓝宝石硬度的并且耐磨损和化学腐蚀的、多孔的Al2O3耐火氧化膜。硬质阳极氧化后的铝和铝合金的磨损质量可以等于或优于表面硬化钢，从而使得可以在以前只采用硬化钢的应用中使用铝制零件。为简化起见，除非文中另有说明，下文中使用的术语“铝”在这样的阐述中包括该金属的合金。
硫酸是产生阳极氧化镀层的最广泛使用的溶液。中等厚度1.8μm至25μm(0.00007”至0.001”)的镀层是在北美被称为II类、命名为MIL-A-8625，而厚度大于25μm(0.001”)的镀层被称为III类、硬质镀层、硬质阳极氧化、或工程阳极氧化。厚的镀层需要更多的工艺控制，并且是在接近水的冰点的一个冷藏箱中用比较薄的镀层更高的电压来生产的。硬质阳极氧化可以被制成13μm至150μm(0.0005”至0.006”)厚之间。阳极氧化厚度增加耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、保持润滑剂和PTFE镀层的能力、以及电和热绝缘性。针对厚的硫酸阳极氧化的标准由MIL-A-8625 III类、AMS2469、BS 5599、BS EN 2536以及过时的AMS 2468和DEF STAN 03-26/1给出。
硬质阳极氧化可以例如按照名称为“Aluminum Hard Anodizing Process(铝硬质阳极氧化工艺)”的美国专利4,128,461(Lerner等人)的传授内容来实现。铝的硬质镀层是通过在一种包含酸(例如硫酸、磷酸、草酸、或铬酸)的强电解质中铝的电化学氧化来产生的。调节电解质的浓度、镀液的温度以及电流密度以导致氧化膜的形成速率大于该氧化膜的溶解速率。根据本专利的传授内容，可以用一种电解质在铝上产生高质量的硬质氧化膜，在该电解质中：(1)硫酸的浓度通常是在从按体积算5.7％或100克每升到按体积算23％或由400克每升的范围内，(2)电解质的温度大约为0℃，(3)DC电压在阳极氧化开始时是在15伏到18伏之间并且在该过程结束时是在40伏至90伏之间，并且(4)阳极氧化时间为大约一小时。合金的种类以及有待产生的氧化膜的厚度确定温度、电压、电解质浓度以及阳极氧化处理时间的条件。
在包含铝或铝合金的金属制品的表面上形成保护性镀层的另一种方法包括：
A)提供由水和选自下组的一种或多种额外的成分构成的一种阳极氧化溶液，该组由以下各项构成：a)水溶性复合氟化物，b)水溶性复合氟氧化物，c)水分散性复合氟化物，以及d)从钛、锆、铪、锡、铝、锗和硼构成的组中选择的多种元素的水分散性复合氟氧化物以及它们的混合物；
B)提供与所述阳极氧化溶液相接触的一个阴极；
C)将包括铝或铝合金的一个金属制品作为所述阳极氧化处理溶液中的一个阳极；
D)将该阳极与阴极之间的脉冲直流通过所述阳极氧化溶液并且持续一段时间以在该金属制品的表面上有效地形成的第一保护镀层；并且
E)从所述阳极氧化溶液移除具有第一保护镀层的金属制品并且使所述制品干燥。
一种氧化钛或氧化锆的镀层提供了比单纯的铝氧化物更好的耐磨性。
就维氏角锥值(VPN)、也称为维氏硬度值(HV或VHN)而言，未处理的铝合金6082具有HV 100-120。硬质阳极氧化后的合金6082具有HV 400-460。不锈钢具有HV 300-350，并且低碳钢具有HV 200-220。
根据本发明，为了提供耐磨损的硬质阳极氧化表面，对轴承壳体(4)的轴承孔(6)进行处理是必要的。这可以通过掩蔽该轴承壳体的不必处理的零件并且将该轴承壳体浸渍在一种阳极氧化镀液中来实现。然而，在诸位发明人的考虑范围内，该轴承壳体的其他区域可以受益于这种硬质阳极氧化处理。因此，可以硬质阳极氧化其他轴承表面、例如与涡轮机壳体或压缩机壳体或支座相接触的轴承壳体的面。
此外，硬质阳极氧化区域可以喷涂或涂敷材料以提供有吸引力的外观。
在此描述的安排与具有被配置成用于改善与涡轮机壳体和/或轴承系统的界面的铝制轴承壳体的涡轮增压器装置有关。在此披露了多个详细的实施例；然而，应当理解的是，这些披露的实施例仅旨在作为示例。因此，在此披露的特定结构性和功能性细节不应被解释为限制，而仅仅是作为权利要求书的基础和作为传授本领域技术人员在几乎任何适当详细的结构中以不同方式采用本文中的这些方面的代表性基础。
通过使铝制轴承壳体配备有耐磨损的轴颈轴承孔，延长轴承孔的寿命变得可能，从而可以在涡轮增压器中使用铝制轴承壳体，由此允许减少质量并且相应地减少涡轮壳体到轴承壳体的界面上承载的力矩。
在此所描述的多个方面可以按其他形式和组合来实施，而不脱离其精神或本质属性。因此，当然可以理解实施例不限于仅通过举例方式给出的在此所描述的这些具体细节，并且可以理解在以下的权利要求书的范围之内不同的修改和变更是可能的。
Claims (9)
1.一种涡轮增压器，包括：
一个铝制轴承壳体(4)，该轴承壳体具有适配成用于接纳一个轴颈轴承(5)的至少一个轴承孔(6)；
一个旋转组件，该旋转组件包括压缩机叶轮(2)、涡轮机叶轮(1)、以及连接该压缩机叶轮和涡轮机叶轮的轴(3)，其中该轴延伸穿过该轴承孔；
一个轴颈轴承(5)，该轴颈轴承被提供在该轴与该轴承孔之间；
其中至少该轴承孔(6)的表面被硬质阳极氧化。
2.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其中这个被硬质阳极氧化的表面进一步包括从钛、锆、铪、锡、锗以及硼中选择的至少一种氧化物。
3.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其中这个被硬质阳极氧化的表面包括氧化钛。
4.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其中这个被硬质阳极氧化的表面包括氧化锆。
5.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其中这个被硬质阳极氧化的表面具有HV 400-460的硬度。
6.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其中这个被硬质阳极氧化的表面是由III类阳极氧化获得的。
7.如权利要求6所述的涡轮增压器，其中这个被硬质阳极氧化的表面形成厚度大于25μm的镀层。
8.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其中这个被硬质阳极氧化的表面是由II类阳极氧化获得的。
9.如权利要求6所述的涡轮增压器，其中这个被阳极氧化的表面形成具有1.8μm至25μm的一个厚度的镀层。
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| FR3014910B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-18 | 2017-06-23 | Turbomeca | Procede de traitement anti-corrosion et anti-usure |
| GB201401704D0 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2014-03-19 | Cummins Ltd | Turbocharger system |
| WO2015119936A1 (en) * | 2014-02-05 | 2015-08-13 | Borgwarner Inc. | Supercharging device |
| US10931179B2 (en) | 2018-03-20 | 2021-02-23 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Fiber grounding brush |
| DE102018106944A1 (de) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-09-26 | Man Energy Solutions Se | Turboverdichter |
| DE102018206242A1 (de) | 2018-04-24 | 2019-10-24 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Wälzlager, das elektrisches Isolierungsmaterial hat, und Herstellungsverfahren eines solchen Wälzlagers |
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| KR101995343B1 (ko) | 2019-07-02 |
| WO2013162873A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
| IN2014DN09483A (zh) | 2015-07-17 |
| US20150047349A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
| RU2014145434A (ru) | 2016-06-10 |
| KR20150003808A (ko) | 2015-01-09 |
| DE112013001573T5 (de) | 2014-12-04 |
| CN104204452B (zh) | 2018-07-17 |
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