CN104204150B - 通过低聚生产重烷基苯 - Google Patents

通过低聚生产重烷基苯 Download PDF

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CN104204150B
CN104204150B CN201380015657.9A CN201380015657A CN104204150B CN 104204150 B CN104204150 B CN 104204150B CN 201380015657 A CN201380015657 A CN 201380015657A CN 104204150 B CN104204150 B CN 104204150B
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A·G·博萨诺
J·C·布里克
B·K·戈罗维
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Abstract

提出一种生产重烷基芳族化合物的方法。该方法利用低分子量烃生产较大烷基。所述烃可由包括费-托液体在内的各种来源产生。该方法包括使低分子量烯烃低聚为较大烯烃。使所述较大烯烃通入烷基化反应器以使芳族化合物烷基化。

Description

通过低聚生产重烷基苯
优先权声明
本申请要求2012年3月23日提交的美国申请No.13/428,559的优先权。
发明领域
本发明涉及生产重烯烃的生产，特别地涉及由具有C5和C6链烷烃的原料生产重烯烃。
发明背景
高分子量烯烃，也称为重烯烃可用于很多应用中。重烯烃一般包括具有18-30个碳原子的碳链的烯烃。这些烯烃可用于生产专业应用的表面活性剂。这些专业表面活性剂增长的一个领域是提高油回收的方法。由于油价提高，回收来自原来边际油田的油的经济性成为有利的。回收这种油的方法包括加入化学品以改善对于回收油而言困难的流动，且表面活性剂提高使油流动的能力。在提高油回收的方法中使用的表面活性剂可与油一起回收并可经受来自油田的油的通常加工。
用于生产重烯烃的现有方法为加工重或高分子量的链烷烃。使重链烷烃与来自原油原料的重馏分分离，且随后使链烷烃脱氢以产生重烯烃。然而，这种方法可能是昂贵的，且重链烷烃可能具有其他高价值目的，但是相对低分子量的C5和C6链烷烃是低价值烃且可转化为更高价值的产物。
希望使用可转化为更有价值的产物的廉价原料。因此希望将包含C5和C6链烷烃的较低价值的原料转化为包含重烯烃的较高价值的产物料流，以形成在提高油回收的方法中使用的低成本材料。
发明概述
本发明包括整合用于生产重表面活性剂的重烷基苯的生产。所述重表面活性剂可在提高油回收的方法中使用。该方法包括使用具有C4-C6烯烃和氧合化合物的原料。使该原料与液体萃取剂接触以除去氧合化合物并产生脱氧的原料。使脱氧原料通入在链增长条件下操作的低聚反应器以产生具有C15-C36范围内的重单烯烃的料流。使烯烃与芳族化合物料流一起在烷基化条件下通入烷基化反应器以产生烷基芳族化合物工艺过程料流。使烷基芳族化合物工艺过程料流通入分离单元以使芳族化合物与烷基芳族化合物分离，并产生烷基芳族化合物产物料流和用于再循环的芳族化合物料流。
本发明的其他目的、优势和应用将从随后的详述和附图中对本领域技术人员变得明显。
附图简述
图1显示生产用于芳族化合物烷基化的重烯烃的方法；以及
图2显示由具有烯烃和氧合物的料流产生的轻烯烃生产重烷基芳族化合物的方法。
发明详述
表面活性剂可在用于提高油回收的方法的化学注采体系中使用。对于提高油回收，希望较高分子量的表面活性剂或较长链的分子。然而，生产表面活性剂是昂贵的方法。随着油价提高，生产变得更有利，但通过较廉价方法生产表面活性剂可甚至在较低的油价下改善表面活性剂在提高油回收中的使用。随着在市场以及汽油和其他产品的产品规格的变化，较低价值产品如戊烷和己烷增加，这是因为这些烃组分由市购产品中取出。用于提高低价值烃的价值而成为较高价值产品的方法是重要的，且该方法提供一种由较低价值的烃生产高分子量烷基苯的方式。本发明允许由可再生来源生产大的烷基苯，并可以使用具有氧合物组分的原料。
本发明使用包含C4-C6链烷烃和/或烯烃的廉价原料以生产重烷基苯，特别是重的线性烷基苯。对于提高油回收，由于生物可降解性不是问题而不要求线性。因此，可使用具有明显支链的较大烷基。本发明方法允许生成用于表面活性剂制造的重烷基苯的灵活性。这允许根据不同油田调节表面活性剂设计，这是因为在不同油田中石油组成不同。该方法包括产生具有15-36个碳原子的烯烃，烯烃的优选范围为C18-C29烯烃。
在一个实施方案中，原料来源来自轻裂解石脑油。在使轻裂解石脑油通入本发明方法之前，可加工轻裂解石脑油以除去轻烯烃，即乙烯和丙烯。
本发明方法在图1中显示。该方法包括使烃原料12通入低聚反应器20以产生包含C15-C36范围内的重烯烃的第一料流22。原料12包含具有4-6个碳原子的烯烃。使第一料流22通入第一分离单元30以产生包含C15-C36范围内的重烯烃的产物料流32以及包含较轻烃化合物，包括较轻烯烃的再循环料流34。
可使再循环料流34通入低聚反应器20，或可使其通入第二分离单元40以产生第一再循环料流42和第二再循环料流44。第一再循环料流42包含C4-C14范围内的烯烃并使其通入低聚反应器20。第二再循环料流44具有降低的烯烃含量。该方法可进一步包括使第二再循环料流44通入脱氢反应器50以产生具有烯烃的脱氢料流52。可使脱氢料流52通入低聚反应器以提高烯烃的分子量。
在一个实施方案中，使脱氢料流52通入选择性氢化反应器60以产生具有降低的二烯烃和乙炔含量的脱氢料流62。可使随后的料流62通入低聚反应器20。低聚催化剂的选择优选为相对耐硫的催化剂，以使该方法能够利用在原料中具有一些硫的原料运行。
可使脱氢料流52或具有降低的二烯烃和乙炔含量的脱氢料流62通入第三分离单元70以产生包含C4-C8烯烃的轻料流74和包含C9-C14烯烃的重料流72。使重料流72通入二聚反应器80以产生二聚产物料流82。可使二聚产物料流82通入烷基化反应器90，其中使芳族化合物料流88通入反应器90以形成烷基芳族化合物工艺过程料流92。使轻料流74通入低聚反应器20。
在一个实施方案中，可使产物料流32通入烷基化反应器90。使芳族化合物料流88通入烷基化反应器，其中反应器90在烷基化条件下操作以产生包含具有C15-C36范围内的烷基链的烷基芳族化合物的烷基芳族化合物工艺过程料流92。芳族化合物可为苯或甲苯或其混合物。产物料流92可包含烷基苯或烷基甲苯。可使烷基芳族化合物工艺过程料流92通入分离单元以形成烷基芳族化合物产物料流和芳族化合物工艺过程料流。可使芳族化合物工艺过程料流再循环至烷基化反应器90。
本发明的一个实施方案为将本发明整合为由各种来源产生C4-C6范围内的烃的方法。如图2所示，该方法包括萃取和加工由氧合化合物，如由费-托液体产生的烃类。使包含C4-C6范围内的烯烃和氧合化合物的原料8通入萃取单元10。在萃取单元10中，使原料8与液体萃取剂6接触以产生脱氧原料12。使脱氧原料12在链增长的条件下通入低聚反应器20以供给低聚反应器工艺过程料流22。低聚反应器工艺过程料流22包含C15-C36范围内的重单烯烃。
可使离开萃取单元10的液体萃取剂料流14再生并再循环至萃取单元10。可使经萃取的组分通入其他加工单元。液体萃取剂包含至少一种每分子具有1-3个碳原子的醇和二醇以及少量水，并使其与包含烯烃的原料在萃取条件下接触。在一个实施方案中，液体萃取剂可包含甲醇且优选包含至少25质量％的水。
使低聚料流22通入分离单元30以产生重烯烃产物料流32和具有降低的重烯烃含量的第二料流34。使重烯烃产物料流32与化学计量过量的芳族化合物通入烷基化反应器90以使芳族化合物在烷基化条件下烷基化而产生包含烷基芳族化合物和苯的烷基化流出物料流92。使烷基化流出物料流92通入分离单元100以产生烷基芳族化合物产物料流102和芳族化合物料流104。可使至少一部分芳族化合物料流104通入烷基化反应器90。
可使第二料流34通入脱氢反应器50以产生包含烯烃的第三料流52。使第三料流52通入低聚反应器20，其中第三料流包含1-50质量％的C5和C6单烯烃。在一个实施方案中，使第三料流通入选择性脱氢单元60以降低二烯烃和乙炔的量而产生具有降低的二烯烃含量的烯烃料流62。
用于烷基化的芳族化合物可包括苯和甲苯，优选苯。对于在提高油回收中使用的表面活性剂，芳族化合物可包括其他芳族化合物如单乙基苯，或其他具有小烷基的单取代芳族化合物。这种方法可并入现有方法以使用对于清净剂级线性烷基苯可能不可接受的材料。
对于该方法可设想其他构造，且本发明意欲覆盖产生重烯烃的其他变化。尽管本发明已通过目前认为优选的实施方案描述，应理解本发明不限于已公开的实施方案，而是意欲覆盖包括于所附权利要求书范围内的各种变化及等价设置。

Claims (9)

1.一种生产重烯烃的方法，包括：
使包含C4-C6烯烃的烃原料通入低聚反应器以产生包含C15-C36范围内的重烯烃的第一料流；
使第一料流通入第一分离单元以产生包含C15-C36烯烃的产物料流以及具有降低的重烯烃含量的再循环料流；
使再循环料流通入第二分离单元以产生包含C4-C14范围内的烯烃的第一再循环料流以及具有降低的烯烃含量的第二再循环料流；以及
使第一再循环料流通入低聚反应器。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中烃原料为轻裂解石脑油。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其中产物料流包含C18-C28烯烃。
4.根据权利要求1的方法，其进一步包括：
使第二再循环料流通入脱氢单元以产生包含C4-C6烯烃的脱氢料流；以及使脱氢料流通入低聚反应器。
5.根据权利要求1的方法，其进一步包括：
使脱氢料流通入选择性氢化反应器以产生具有降低的炔烃和二烯烃含量的脱氢料流；以及
使具有降低的炔烃和二烯烃含量的脱氢料流通入低聚反应器。
6.根据权利要求4的方法，其进一步包括：
使脱氢料流通入第三分离单元以产生包含C4-C8烯烃的轻料流和包含C9-C14烯烃的重料流；
使重料流通入二聚反应器以产生包含C18-C28烯烃的二聚反应器产物料流；以及
使轻料流通入低聚反应器。
7.根据权利要求1的方法，其进一步包括：
使一部分产物料流通入烷基化反应器；以及
使包含芳族化合物的芳族化合物料流通入烷基化反应器以利用烯烃在烷基化条件下使芳族化合物烷基化而产生包含在芳族基团上具有C15-C36范围内的碳链的烷基芳族化合物的烷基芳族化合物料流。
8.根据权利要求7的方法，其进一步包括使芳族化合物与至少一部分的烷基芳族化合物料流分离以产生烷基芳族化合物产物料流和芳族化合物料流。
9.根据权利要求7的方法，其中芳族化合物包含苯和甲苯。
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