CN104198504A - X-ray digital imaging detection method for hot-melt welding quality of polyethylene pipelines - Google Patents
X-ray digital imaging detection method for hot-melt welding quality of polyethylene pipelines Download PDFInfo
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- CN104198504A CN104198504A CN201410272451.0A CN201410272451A CN104198504A CN 104198504 A CN104198504 A CN 104198504A CN 201410272451 A CN201410272451 A CN 201410272451A CN 104198504 A CN104198504 A CN 104198504A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an X-ray digital imaging detection method for hot-melt welding quality of polyethylene pipelines, and relates to the field of pressure pipeline detection technology in petroleum industry. The method comprises the steps: (1) respectively putting a welding joint and a detector on a mechanical detection platform and a detector shaft, starting a corresponding program to automatically match the detector with a ray tube; (2) turning on X-ray to acquire real-time images, adjusting the detection platform and the detector shaft, so as to enable a to-be-detected piece to be put at an appropriate position at the center of a detection area and have an optimum amplification multiple, and storing the detection position; (3) adjusting voltage and current, so as to enable the grey value to be at an appropriate scope, and storing the voltage and the current until a satisfied image is obtained; and (4) displaying a detection result about welding defects on a computer, and performing defect grade evaluation based on the detection result. The method is capable of visually accurately displaying properties, size, positions and the like of defects in real time, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, rapid detection speed, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pressure pipeline detection technique field of petroleum industry, exactly relate to a kind of X ray digital imaging detection method of polyethylene pipe hot melt welding quality.
Background technology
Polyethylene pipe is widely used in China's cities and towns mesolow gas transmission and distribution system because of its good corrosion resistance, welding performance etc., and along with the raising of polythene material performance, successfully enters sub-high pressure gas ductwork.The maximum polyethylene pipe connected mode of rig-site utilization is sweat soldering at present, in actual welding process, often because severe operational environment or misoperation are introduced various defects, such as defects such as crackle, hole, incomplete fusions, therefore, the defect of polyethylene pipe welding joint is a very large threat to conduit running; Meanwhile, have practice to show, polyethylene pipe welding joint is the weak link of whole pipeline, easily cracks, leakage etc., even causes even more serious accident.Therefore, adopting effective, reliable lossless detection method Welded Joints quality to carry out regularly detecting is the important guarantee of the safe failure-free operation of fuel gas polyethylene pipeline.
In engineering, conventional detection method mainly contains visual detection, destructive test and Ultrasonic Detection, and in addition, the feasibility that Microwave Scanning technology detects for polyethylene pipe quality of weld joint is also verified.
Visual detection can only be observed external defects, threatens larger inherent vice information not obtain for pipe safety, and testing result is unreliable.
Destructive test is a kind of sampling Detection method, cannot detect for welding joint, and testing result has significant limitation.
Comparatively speaking, Ultrasonic Detection is effective method comparatively at present; In recent years, a lot of inspections, detect unit using " Non-Destructive Testing polyethylene pipeline weld joint Ultrasonic Detection " (JB/T10662-2006) proposed standard as foundation, polyethylene pipe welding joint is carried out to ultrasound examination; Ultrasound wave can be realized the detection to common interior welds defect, but sensitivity is not high, can not differentiate granule defect etc.; And be difficult to detect the defect causing because of welding technology (as temperature, pressure etc.), as cold welding; Cold welding defect is dangerous large and be difficult to find, this be because most cold welding to show as welding joint good, but in fact fusion area just just forms, the tygon molecule of contact bed is diffusion and entanglement fully not, the degree of depth deficiency of permeating between molecule, joint strength of joint is inadequate; In addition, tygon is less than the metal material velocity of sound, and acoustic attenuation coefficient is large, and ultrasonic echo is little, is not easy defect qualitatively, quantitative, affects the accuracy of testing result, has also increased the difficulty of Ultrasonic Detection simultaneously.
Find through overtesting, Microwave Scanning method can detect cold welding defect, but the method is on the whole also in the desk study stage, and has only proved the validity of a few defects detection such as incomplete fusion, crackle at present.
McElroy.Mfg company of the U.S. is used traditional A sweep method, and (ultrasound wave a-scan shows, represent the time by X-axis, Y-axis represents the ultrasonic signal display mode of amplitude) tygon quality of weld joint is detected, but can only detect some snotteres in joint, can not detect exactly other weld defectss; Osaka Gas company of Japan is used traditional B scan method (ultrasound wave B-scan shows, the sound path length of the echoed signal with amplitude in the presetting range relation between beam axis position and cross-sectional view of being examined part of drawing when popping one's head in only along a direction scanning) also could not obtain good detection effect.
On the basis that domestic scholars detects in conventional ultrasound, do a large amount of research, and obtained new progress.2008, professor Zheng Jinyang etc. proposed polyethylene pipe hot melt welding joint coupling focus supersonic wave detecting method and pick-up unit first, but are not widely used in engineering practice.
The Yu Runqiao of key lab of the Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement Ministry of Education of Nanchang University of aviation etc. has measured vertical transverse wave velocity and the sweat soldering joint acoustic attenuation coefficient of polyethylene pipe, has determined the acoustical behavior of polyethylene pipe.Adopt the theoretical noise of removing of wavelet field denoising, improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of detection of echoes.Test shows, ultrasonic detection method is applicable to the detection of polyethylene pipe hot melt welding quality, but its accuracy and on-the-spot applicability need to improve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to for the existing defect of above-mentioned prior art and deficiency, a kind of X ray digital imaging detection method of polyethylene pipe hot melt welding quality is provided, adopt this method, in testing process, can realize real time imagery, observe the defect that polyethylene pipe hot melt weld exists, it is little that whole testing process is affected by extraneous factor visual and clearly, as long as detected parameters can meet testing requirement, just can ensure picture quality, thereby pass judgment on exactly sweat soldering defect.
The present invention is by adopting following technical proposals to realize:
An X ray digital imaging detection method for polyethylene pipe hot melt welding quality, is characterized in that step comprises:
A, layout X-ray digital imaging device: choose the X-ray tube and the flat panel detector that complement one another and use, flat panel detector is connected with computing machine, X-ray tube and flat panel detector are placed in respectively the two ends of detection platform, in the detection platform between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, arrange welding joint, and welding joint can rotate freely and can move freely between X-ray tube and flat panel detector;
B, welding joint position are adjusted: open X-ray tube, cone type X-ray bundle circumferentially and radially irradiates welding joint along welding joint, under the initial voltage and current conditions of X-ray tube, and under the initial position of welding joint, computing machine obtains and shows the realtime graphic transmitting by after flat panel detector imaging processing, as initial pictures;
Then regulate the shift position of welding joint between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, computing machine again obtains and shows the realtime graphic transmitting by after flat panel detector imaging processing, as adjusting image;
Contrast initial pictures, in the time adjusting image optimum, determines the position of welding joint between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, this detection position of Computer Storage;
C, Image Adjusting: regulate the tube voltage of X-ray tube to 160KV, tube current to 160
, make obtained gradation of image value in 10000 to 52000 scope;
D, obtain the image of welding joint: in the time that needs detect welding joint, open X-ray tube, X-ray beam irradiates welding joint, the soldered joint of a part absorbs, remainder arrives flat panel detector through welding joint, after flat panel detector imaging processing, be converted into visual picture and be sent to computing machine, after acquisition image, preserve;
The image obtaining on e, contrast computing machine, observes the weld defects detection result showing on image, and carries out defect rank evaluation.
In described a step, welding joint is to realize and rotating freely by being arranged on turning axle in detection platform, and when detecting the detected image of not coplanar of welding joint, rotating welding joint detects to suitable face.
In described a step, turning axle is by coordinating with the amplification axle arranging in detection platform, realizing welding joint moving freely between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, thereby determines the imaging best magnification of welding joint.
Described X-ray tube is chosen the X-ray tube of the micro-focus of 240KV, and tube current scope is 0.01 ~ 3mA, and the flat panel detector of supporting employing 16 bit resolutions.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention reaches is as follows:
One, " welding joint can rotate freely " in a step of the present invention, thereby can realize the comprehensive detection of welding joint, thus can not omit the detection to sweat soldering defect; " welding joint can move freely between X-ray tube and flat panel detector " thereby can freely adjust the imaging best magnification of welding joint, obtains image more clearly.
Two, in the present invention, adopt the initial position of Welded Joints, initial voltage and the initial current of X-ray tube are adjusted, according to initial pictures and adjustment image, thereby obtain the mode of optimum position, optimum voltage and electric current, can make imaging more clear, further guarantee the quality of imaging, thereby can pass judgment on more exactly sweat soldering defect; Particularly, regulate the tube voltage of X-ray tube to 160KV, tube current to 160
, can ensure and be applicable to enough penetrating capacities of PE pipe weld seam and gray-scale value scope is pulled open, more tiny defect can be found.
Three, in the present invention, the gray-scale value of imaging is adjusted in 10000 to 52000 scope, can make detected material meet testing requirement, and image quality is higher, can make gray-scale value scope pull open, more tiny defect can be found.
Four, in the present invention, specifically select the X-ray tube of the micro-focus of 240KV, tube current scope is 0.01 ~ 3mA, and the flat panel detector of supporting employing 16 bit resolutions, can ensure that transmitted intensity improves detection efficiency simultaneously.
In addition, the present invention also has following technique effect:
1, in testing process, can realize real time imagery, observe the defect that polyethylene pipe hot melt weld exists visual and clearly.
2, X ray digital imaging system automaticity is high, and it is little that whole testing process is affected by extraneous factor, as long as detected parameters can meet testing requirement, just can ensure picture quality, thereby pass judgment on exactly sweat soldering defect.
3, the method can detect welding joint comprehensive and continuously, does not omit the detection to sweat soldering defect.
4, the auxiliary judgement of computer to sweat soldering defect, has improved detection speed widely.
5, X ray digital imaging detection method can detect the common deficiency of polyethylene pipe hot melt welding joint, in addition, can effectively detect the low temperature weld seam that is difficult for detection, and as shown in Figure 4, the saturation degree of low temperature weld seam is obviously not as good as qualified weld seam.
6, X ray digital imaging detection method is the detection for polyethylene pipe hot melt welding joint first, and has obtained good effect, has filled up the blank of domestic polyethylene pipe hot melt welding joint X digital imagery detection technique.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is that X ray digital imagery is for polyethylene pipe hot melt weld defects detection schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is qualified weld seam X ray digital imagery testing result schematic diagram provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is low temperature weld seam X ray digital imagery testing result schematic diagram provided by the invention.
Fig. 4 is shim bits weld seam X ray digital imagery testing result schematic diagram provided by the invention.
Reference numeral: flat panel detector 1, cone-beam X-ray 2, welding joint 3, X-ray tube 4, turning axle 5, amplification axle 6, qualified weld seam 7, low temperature weld seam 8, shim bits weld seam 9.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As a preferred embodiments of the present invention, step comprises:
A, layout X-ray digital imaging device: choose the X-ray tube and the flat panel detector that complement one another and use, flat panel detector is connected with computing machine, X-ray tube and flat panel detector are placed in respectively the two ends of detection platform, in the detection platform between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, arrange welding joint, and welding joint can rotate freely and can move freely between X-ray tube and flat panel detector;
B, welding joint position are adjusted: open X-ray tube, cone type X-ray bundle circumferentially and radially irradiates welding joint along welding joint, under the initial voltage and current conditions of X-ray tube, and under the initial position of welding joint, computing machine obtains and shows the realtime graphic transmitting by after flat panel detector imaging processing, as initial pictures;
Then regulate the shift position of welding joint between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, computing machine again obtains and shows the realtime graphic transmitting by after flat panel detector imaging processing, as adjusting image;
Contrast initial pictures, in the time adjusting image optimum, determines the position of welding joint between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, this detection position of Computer Storage;
C, Image Adjusting: regulate the tube voltage of X-ray tube to 160KV, tube current to 160
, make obtained gradation of image value in 10000 to 52000 scope;
D, obtain the image of welding joint: in the time that needs detect welding joint, open X-ray tube, X-ray beam irradiates welding joint, the soldered joint of a part absorbs, remainder arrives flat panel detector through welding joint, after flat panel detector imaging processing, be converted into visual picture and be sent to computing machine, after acquisition image, preserve;
The image obtaining on e, contrast computing machine, observes the weld defects detection result showing on image, and carries out defect rank evaluation.
B step and c step are carried out simultaneously or order is exchanged.
The flat panel detector adopting, for the X ray flat panel detector coordinating with X-ray tube, current widely used flat panel detector mainly adopts gadolinium oxysulfide (Gd2O2S, GOS), cesium iodide (Cesium Iodide, CsI) and amorphous selenium (Amorphous Selenium, A-Se) as transition material.Scintillator (GOS or CsI) is coupled together and forms non-direct conversion flat panel detector with amorphous silicon photodiodes and TFT, direct A-Se and TFT are coupled together and form directly conversion flat panel detector.All kinds of X ray flat panel detectors that for example Varian Associates, Inc. (US) 611 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, California 94303, U.S.A. produces are all suitable for, and belong to prior art.
In a step, welding joint is to realize and rotating freely by being arranged on turning axle in detection platform, and when detecting the detected image of not coplanar of welding joint, rotating welding joint detects to suitable face.
In a step, turning axle is by coordinating with the amplification axle arranging in detection platform, realizing welding joint moving freely between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, thereby determines the imaging best magnification of welding joint.In actual application, amplifying axle is a guide rail, and the bottom of turning axle is provided with the chute coordinating with guide rail, thus turning axle can and guide rail between produce relative sliding, and turning axle itself can also be realized rotation.No matter turning axle produces sliding action or rotation action, can realize by electronic or mechanical part, does not just describe in detail here, belongs to the state of the art.
Said welding joint herein, specifically refers to tygon sweat soldering joint to be measured.
Embodiment 2
As follows as preferred forms of the present invention:
The present invention adopts X ray digital imagery detection technique to carry out defects detection to polyethylene pipe hot melt welding joint.Detect principle as Fig. 1, debugging optimum detection parameter, the soldered joint 3 of a radiographic source part that X-ray tube 4 is launched absorbs, remainder arrives flat panel detector 1 imaging system through test specimen, after flat panel detector is processed, be converted into visual picture and be sent to computing machine, from computing machine, can directly clearly observe detected image, and according to related standards, testing result be carried out to defect rank evaluation, thereby reach the object of detection.Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the testing results of this test.
The concrete implementation step of the present invention is as follows:
1) polyethylene pipe hot melt welding joint test specimen to be measured, detector are placed on respectively in mechanical detection platform and detector axis; These all detection test specimen diameter≤800mm, highly≤1000mm, weight≤100kg.
2) open key switch, equipment and X ray control device start, and open main switch.
3) open corresponding ray control program, system is carried out automatic instruction machine.
4) wait for to system instruction machine completely, open respective image capture program, system operating axis can be carried out self-zeroing, and detector and ray tube automatic collocation.What this test adopted is 240KV microfocus X-ray pipe, tube current scope 0.01 ~ 3mA; Adopt the flat panel detector of 16 bit resolutions.
5), after operating axis back to zero, create the new projects of the product of examining.
6) open X ray, obtain realtime graphic by system initial voltage and electric current; Regulate detection platform and detector axis, make test specimen to be detected be placed in surveyed area center correct position (needing rotate and guarantee that test specimen to be detected is in surveyed area) and best magnification; Adjust detection platform and can make the rotation of tygon test specimen 360 degree and move up and down, make circumferentially and the radially omnidirectional of x-ray source along pipeline welded joint; In addition, detector can be realized displacement, ensures that the image projecting is in the scope of detector detection.Store this detection position.
7) regulate electric current, voltage and select low current as far as possible and increase voltage, making it meet the testing requirement that detects thing.Requirement is generally there is no under correcting condition detected image gray-scale value all the time in 10000 to 52000 scopes.
Table 1 is detected image gray-scale value and electric current and filtering material requirements table, as follows:
8) ray tube voltage after adjusting is 160KV, tube current 160
, best magnification 2.24; Test specimen to be measured is placed back to detection platform, cone type X-ray bundle circumferentially and radially irradiates sweat soldering joint along welding joint, a part is absorbed by tygon test specimen to be measured, remainder arrives flat panel detector imaging system through test specimen, after flat panel detector is processed, be converted into visual picture and be sent to computing machine, obtain after being satisfied with image and preserve.Testing result as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4.
9) on computer screen, can in real time, directly observe the testing result of sweat soldering defect on image, according to the technical standard of this area, testing result be carried out to defect rank evaluation.
Claims (4)
1. an X ray digital imaging detection method for polyethylene pipe hot melt welding quality, is characterized in that step comprises:
A, layout X-ray digital imaging device: choose the X-ray tube and the flat panel detector that complement one another and use, flat panel detector is connected with computing machine, X-ray tube and flat panel detector are placed in respectively the two ends of detection platform, in the detection platform between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, arrange welding joint, and welding joint can rotate freely and can move freely between X-ray tube and flat panel detector;
B, welding joint position are adjusted: open X-ray tube, cone type X-ray bundle circumferentially and radially irradiates welding joint along welding joint, under the initial voltage and current conditions of X-ray tube, and under the initial position of welding joint, computing machine obtains and shows the realtime graphic transmitting by after flat panel detector imaging processing, as initial pictures;
Then regulate the shift position of welding joint between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, computing machine again obtains and shows the realtime graphic transmitting by after flat panel detector imaging processing, as adjusting image;
Contrast initial pictures, in the time adjusting image optimum, determines the position of welding joint between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, this detection position of Computer Storage;
C, Image Adjusting: regulate the tube voltage of X-ray tube to 160KV, tube current to 160
, make obtained gradation of image value in 10000 to 52000 scope;
D, obtain the image of welding joint: in the time that needs detect welding joint, open X-ray tube, X-ray beam irradiates welding joint, the soldered joint of a part absorbs, remainder arrives flat panel detector through welding joint, after flat panel detector imaging processing, be converted into visual picture and be sent to computing machine, after acquisition image, preserve;
The image obtaining on e, contrast computing machine, observes the weld defects detection result showing on image, and carries out defect rank evaluation.
2. the X ray digital imaging detection method of polyethylene pipe hot melt welding quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described a step, welding joint is that the turning axle realization by being arranged in detection platform rotates freely, when detecting the detected image of not coplanar of welding joint, rotating welding joint detects to suitable face.
3. the X ray digital imaging detection method of polyethylene pipe hot melt welding quality according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described a step, turning axle is by coordinating with the amplification axle arranging in detection platform, realize welding joint moving freely between X-ray tube and flat panel detector, thereby determine the imaging best magnification of welding joint.
4. the X ray digital imaging detection method of polyethylene pipe hot melt welding quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described X-ray tube is chosen the X-ray tube of the micro-focus of 240KV, tube current scope is 0.01 ~ 3mA, and the flat panel detector of supporting employing 16 bit resolutions.
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Application publication date: 20141210 |