CN104198289A - Measuring device for four-point bending creep parameters and operating method - Google Patents
Measuring device for four-point bending creep parameters and operating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置及其工作方法，该测量装置包括框体（1），安装在框体（1）底部的下盖（2），框体（1）下表面上开设有下支撑杆移动槽（3），下支撑杆移动槽（3）上安装有二个下支撑杆（4），二个下支撑杆（4）之间安装有激光位移传感器（5）；所述的框体（1）底部和下盖（2）之间安装有下调距螺纹杆（6），下支撑杆（4）底部设有内螺纹，下支撑杆（4）通过底部的内螺纹与下调距螺纹杆（6）螺纹适配；二个上支撑杆（10）底部设有内螺纹，上支撑杆（10）通过底部的内螺纹与下调距螺纹杆（12）螺纹适配固定于上框体（11）内，并用上盖（10）进行密封保护。本发明提供的测量装置，结构设计合理，操作方便，测量结果准确。
The invention discloses a four-point bending creep parameter measuring device and a working method thereof. The measuring device comprises a frame body (1), a lower cover (2) installed at the bottom of the frame body (1), and a lower cover (2) under the frame body (1). A lower support rod moving groove (3) is provided on the surface, two lower support rods (4) are installed on the lower support rod moving groove (3), and a laser displacement sensor (5) is installed between the two lower support rods (4). ); between the bottom of the frame body (1) and the lower cover (2), there is a down-adjustment threaded rod (6), the bottom of the lower support rod (4) is provided with an internal thread, and the lower support rod (4) passes through the bottom The internal thread is adapted to the thread of the lower pitch-adjusting threaded rod (6); the bottoms of the two upper support rods (10) are provided with internal threads, and the upper support rod (10) is adapted to the thread of the lower-adjusting threaded rod (12) through the internal thread at the bottom It is fixed in the upper frame body (11), and is sealed and protected with an upper cover (10). The measuring device provided by the invention has reasonable structural design, convenient operation and accurate measurement results.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及蠕变参数测量领域，具体是一种四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置及其操作方法。The invention relates to the field of creep parameter measurement, in particular to a four-point bending creep parameter measurement device and an operation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
在工业的诸多领域，设备处于复杂、恶劣的工作环境，其造价昂贵，在整个生产过程中其作用不可替代。一旦设备因事故而非计划停止，将可能造成重大损失。而蠕变破坏是高温、高应力状态下破坏的一种很重要的形式。对设备蠕变参数的精确测量，可以极大减少因为设备因蠕变破坏而造成的损失。In many fields of industry, equipment is in a complex and harsh working environment, and its cost is expensive, and its role in the entire production process is irreplaceable. Once the equipment stops due to accidents and not planned, it will cause serious losses. Creep failure is a very important form of failure under high temperature and high stress state. Accurate measurement of equipment creep parameters can greatly reduce the loss caused by equipment creep damage.
在传统的单轴拉伸蠕变实验采用标准试样获取材料的蠕变参数，往往需要大量材料，同时大量取材也会对原设备带来破坏，影响设备的正常运行。而在某些微小装置可靠性实验中有时候也会因为所取试样体积太小而而无法满足传统性能试验对试样尺寸的要求，而导致实验无法进行。In the traditional uniaxial tensile creep test, standard samples are used to obtain the creep parameters of materials, which often requires a large amount of materials, and at the same time, a large amount of materials will also cause damage to the original equipment and affect the normal operation of the equipment. In some micro-device reliability experiments, sometimes the volume of the sample taken is too small to meet the requirements of the traditional performance test for the size of the sample, which makes the experiment impossible.
在工业设备材料性能的检验和寿命评估中，一方面要尽可能采用无损或半损检测的方法，另一方面又必须最大限度地得到材料的力学性能，微小型试样是解决这两难问题的有效方法。最早研究此方法的是Dom和Niebuhr。弯曲蠕变试验的理论研究工作至今已经取得了不少进展，通过不同实验参数来研究材料的显微结构和力学性能，但是目前从所得数据直接获得材料蠕变参数的方法却不多见。目前在国外通过四点弯曲实验测量材料蠕变参数的文献不算少，对于其原理的说明和公式的推导已经近乎很完善，但是在测量装置上并为有一个很完善的装置，其所采用的装置往往都是简单原始的，对于零而且并未考虑支撑点与被测零件之间的摩擦会对实验造成较严重的影响，对于支撑点之间的比例关系也无法灵活方便调节，而且对于零件挠度变化的测量也并未提出一个可行有效的措施，纵观目前该方面技术的不足，急需一个有效可行的四点弯曲装置测量材料的蠕变性能。In the inspection and life evaluation of the material properties of industrial equipment, on the one hand, non-destructive or half-destructive testing methods should be used as much as possible, and on the other hand, the mechanical properties of the materials must be obtained to the greatest extent. Micro-sized samples are the solution to the two dilemmas. Useful ways. Dom and Niebuhr were the first to study this method. So far, the theoretical research work of bending creep test has made a lot of progress. Different experimental parameters are used to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials, but there are few methods to directly obtain the creep parameters of materials from the obtained data. At present, there are not few literatures on the measurement of material creep parameters through four-point bending experiments in foreign countries. The explanation of its principles and the derivation of the formula are almost perfect, but there is no perfect device on the measurement device. The devices are often simple and primitive. For zero and without considering the friction between the support point and the measured part, it will have a serious impact on the experiment, and the proportional relationship between the support points cannot be adjusted flexibly and conveniently. The measurement of part deflection changes has not proposed a feasible and effective measure. Looking at the current shortage of technology in this area, there is an urgent need for an effective and feasible four-point bending device to measure the creep properties of materials.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足，提供一种结构设计合理，操作方便，测量结果准确的四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置。本发明另一个目的是提供该装置的操作方法。Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a four-point bending creep parameter measuring device with reasonable structure design, convenient operation and accurate measurement results. Another object of the invention is to provide a method of operating the device.
技术方案：为了实现以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：Technical scheme: in order to realize above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
一种四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置，其特征在于：包括框体，安装在框体底部的下盖，框体下表面上开设有下支撑杆移动槽，下支撑杆移动槽上安装有二个下支撑杆，二个下支撑杆之间安装有激光位移传感器；所述的框体底部和下盖之间安装有下调距螺纹杆，下支撑杆底部设有内螺纹，下支撑杆通过底部的内螺纹与下调距螺纹杆螺纹适配；A four-point bending creep parameter measuring device is characterized in that it includes a frame body, a lower cover installed at the bottom of the frame body, a lower support rod moving groove is opened on the lower surface of the frame body, and two Two lower support rods, a laser displacement sensor is installed between the two lower support rods; a lower distance adjustment thread rod is installed between the bottom of the frame and the lower cover, the bottom of the lower support rod is provided with internal threads, and the lower support rod passes through the bottom The inner thread of the inner thread is adapted to the thread of the threaded rod with a lower pitch;
所述的框体上表面上开设有定位孔和上支撑杆件移动槽，定位凸状物和上支撑杆分别插入在定位孔和上支撑杆件移动槽内，所述的定位凸状物上端连接在上框架上，上支撑杆上端位于上框架内，所述的上支撑杆顶部设有内螺纹，上支撑杆通过内螺纹与上调距螺纹杆螺纹适配；所述的上框架上安装有上盖；The upper surface of the frame body is provided with a positioning hole and an upper support rod moving groove, and the positioning protrusion and the upper support rod are respectively inserted into the positioning hole and the upper supporting rod moving groove, and the upper end of the positioning protrusion Connected to the upper frame, the upper end of the upper support rod is located in the upper frame, the top of the upper support rod is provided with an internal thread, and the upper support rod is adapted to the screw thread of the upward adjustment thread rod through the internal thread; the upper frame is equipped with cover;
所述的激光位移传感器与计算机相连。The laser displacement sensor is connected with a computer.
作为优选方案，以上所述的四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置，上支撑杆为二个。As a preferred solution, in the above-mentioned four-point bending creep parameter measuring device, there are two upper support rods.
作为优选方案，以上所述的四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置，所述的上支撑杆底部设有滚动轴承。本发明在支撑点处采用滚动轴承与零件接触进行支撑的方法代替以往的直接接触支撑，可以大大减小接触部位的摩擦力所带来的影响。As a preferred solution, in the above four-point bending creep parameter measuring device, the bottom of the upper support rod is provided with a rolling bearing. The invention adopts the method of contacting the rolling bearing and the part to support at the support point instead of the previous direct contact support, which can greatly reduce the influence brought by the friction force of the contact position.
作为优选方案，以上所述的四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置，所述的下支撑杆顶部安装有滚动轴承。本发明在支撑点处采用滚动轴承与零件接触进行支撑的方法代替以往的直接接触支撑，可以大大减小接触部位的摩擦力所带来的影响。As a preferred solution, in the above-mentioned four-point bending creep parameter measuring device, a rolling bearing is installed on the top of the lower support rod. The invention adopts the method of contacting the rolling bearing and the part to support at the support point instead of the previous direct contact support, which can greatly reduce the influence brought by the friction force of the contact position.
作为优选方案，以上所述的四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置，所述的下调距螺纹杆和上调距螺纹杆的螺纹均分为两段，分别是正旋螺纹和反旋螺纹。在转动上、下调距螺纹杆的过程中，两个上或下支撑杆会向对称地向相反的方向进行移动，使得被测零件的支撑点之间始终是对称的，满足四点弯曲实验的条件。As a preferred solution, in the above-mentioned four-point bending creep parameter measuring device, the threads of the down-adjustment threaded rod and the up-adjustment threaded rod are equally divided into two sections, which are forward-rotation threads and reverse-rotation threads respectively. During the process of turning the upper and lower pitch-adjusting threaded rods, the two upper or lower support rods will move symmetrically in opposite directions, so that the support points of the tested part are always symmetrical, which meets the requirements of the four-point bending test. condition.
本发明所述的四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置的操作方法，其包括以下步骤：The operating method of the four-point bending creep parameter measuring device of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)首先根据零件的实际长度，旋转下调距螺纹杆，调整二个下支撑杆之间的距离；1) Firstly, according to the actual length of the part, rotate the lower distance adjustment threaded rod to adjust the distance between the two lower support rods;
2)将零件置于二个下支撑杆上，并且保证零件的长度方向与框体的长度方向有较好的平行度；2) Place the part on the two lower support rods, and ensure that the length direction of the part is parallel to the length direction of the frame;
3)将定位凸状物和上支撑杆分别插入在定位孔和上支撑杆件移动槽内，使上支撑杆与零件上表面接触；3) Insert the positioning protrusion and the upper support rod into the positioning hole and the moving groove of the upper support rod respectively, so that the upper support rod is in contact with the upper surface of the part;
4)根据需要通过旋转上调距螺纹杆调节二个上支撑杆之间的距离，使得最终四个支撑点之间的距离的比例满足实验需要；4) Adjust the distance between the two upper support rods by rotating the up-adjustment threaded rod as required, so that the ratio of the distance between the final four support points meets the experimental needs;
5)根据需要在上盖上，放置与上盖长度和宽度一致的重物，5) Place a heavy object on the upper cover as needed, which is consistent with the length and width of the upper cover,
6)将激光位移传感器固定于框架底部，并使其与二个下支撑杆之间的距离相等，激光位移传感器与计算机相连，用以记录零件在受力弯曲发生蠕变过程中其挠度的变化，即可得到待测工件弯曲蠕变随时间变化的过程。6) Fix the laser displacement sensor on the bottom of the frame, and make it equal to the distance between the two lower support rods. The laser displacement sensor is connected to the computer to record the change of the deflection of the part during the stress bending and creep process , the process of the bending creep of the workpiece to be tested changing with time can be obtained.
有益效果：本发明和现有技术相比具有以下优点：Beneficial effect: compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明提供的四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置可以根据需要，结构设计合理，操作方便，测量结果准确。本发明可方便对上、下支撑点之间的距离即支撑比例进行方便的调节，只需旋转调距螺纹杆可以实现支撑杆对称移动，通过在支撑杆的顶端安装滚动轴承，用滚动轴承与零件接触进行支撑的方法代替以往的直接接触支撑，可以大大减小接触部位的摩擦力所带来的影响，在零件的框架底部固定一个激光位移传感器，通过电脑距离零件挠度随时间的变化，最终根据实验数据可以求得零件所用材料的蠕变参数。The four-point bending creep parameter measuring device provided by the present invention can have reasonable structural design, convenient operation and accurate measurement results according to requirements. The invention can conveniently adjust the distance between the upper and lower support points, that is, the support ratio, and the symmetrical movement of the support rod can be realized only by rotating the pitch-adjusting threaded rod. By installing a rolling bearing on the top of the support rod, the rolling bearing can be used to contact the parts The support method replaces the previous direct contact support, which can greatly reduce the impact of the friction of the contact part. A laser displacement sensor is fixed at the bottom of the frame of the part, and the deflection of the part from the computer changes with time. Finally, according to the experiment The data can be used to obtain the creep parameters of the materials used in the parts.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of four-point bending creep parameter measuring device of the present invention;
图2为调距螺纹杆调节上支撑杆距离示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of adjusting the distance of the upper support rod by the distance-adjusting threaded rod;
图3为框体的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of frame;
图4为下盖的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of lower cover;
图5为上支撑杆的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is the structural representation of upper support bar;
图6为上盖的结构示意图；Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the upper cover;
图7为下支撑杆的结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the lower support rod.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
如图1至图7所示，一种四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置，它包括框体(1)，安装在框体(1)底部的下盖(2)，框体(1)下表面上开设有下支撑杆移动槽(3)，下支撑杆移动槽(3)上安装有二个下支撑杆(4)，二个下支撑杆(4)之间安装有激光位移传感器(5)；所述的框体(1)底部和下盖(2)之间安装有下调距螺纹杆(6)，下支撑杆(4)底部设有内螺纹，下支撑杆(4)通过底部的内螺纹与下调距螺纹杆(6)螺纹适配；As shown in Figures 1 to 7, a four-point bending creep parameter measurement device includes a frame (1), a lower cover (2) installed at the bottom of the frame (1), and a lower surface of the frame (1) There is a lower support rod moving groove (3) on the upper part, two lower support rods (4) are installed on the lower support rod moving groove (3), and a laser displacement sensor (5) is installed between the two lower support rods (4) ; The bottom of the frame (1) and the lower cover (2) is equipped with a lower distance adjustment threaded rod (6), and the bottom of the lower support rod (4) is provided with an internal thread, and the lower support rod (4) passes through the inner thread of the bottom. The thread is adapted to the thread of the threaded rod (6) for lowering the pitch;
所述的框体(1)上表面上开设有定位孔(7)和二个上支撑杆件移动槽(8)，定位凸状物(9)和2个上支撑杆(10)分别插入在定位孔(7)和上支撑杆件移动槽(8)内，所述的定位凸状物(9)上端连接在上框架(11)上，上支撑杆(10)上端位于上框架(11)内，所述的上支撑杆(10)顶部设有内螺纹，上支撑杆(10)通过内螺纹与上调距螺纹杆(12)螺纹适配；所述的上框架(11)上安装有上盖(13)；所述的激光位移传感器(5)与计算机(14)相连。The upper surface of the frame (1) is provided with a positioning hole (7) and two moving grooves (8) for the upper support rods, and the positioning protrusions (9) and the two upper support rods (10) are respectively inserted into the In the positioning hole (7) and the moving groove (8) of the upper support rod, the upper end of the positioning protrusion (9) is connected to the upper frame (11), and the upper end of the upper support rod (10) is located on the upper frame (11) Inside, the top of the upper support rod (10) is provided with an internal thread, and the upper support rod (10) is threadably adapted to the threaded rod (12) through the internal thread; the upper frame (11) is equipped with an upper Cover (13); the laser displacement sensor (5) is connected to the computer (14).
以上所述的四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置，所述的上支撑杆(10)底部设有滚动轴承(15)。所述的下支撑杆(4)顶部安装有滚动轴承(16)。In the above four-point bending creep parameter measuring device, the bottom of the upper support rod (10) is provided with a rolling bearing (15). A rolling bearing (16) is installed on the top of the lower support rod (4).
以上所述的四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置，所述的下调距螺纹杆(6)和上调距螺纹杆(12)的螺纹均分为两段，分别是正旋螺纹和反旋螺纹。In the four-point bending creep parameter measuring device described above, the threads of the down-adjustment threaded rod (6) and the up-adjustment threaded rod (12) are equally divided into two sections, which are forward-rotation threads and reverse-rotation threads respectively.
一种四点弯曲蠕变参数测量装置的操作方法，其包括以下步骤：A method of operating a four-point bending creep parameter measuring device, comprising the following steps:
1)首先根据零件(17)的实际长度，旋转下调距螺纹杆(6)，调整二个下支撑杆(4)之间的距离；1) First, according to the actual length of the part (17), rotate the threaded rod (6) to adjust the distance between the two lower support rods (4);
2)将零件(17)置于二个下支撑杆(4)上，并且保证零件(17)的长度方向与框体(1)的长度方向有较好的平行度；2) Place the part (17) on the two lower support rods (4), and ensure that the length direction of the part (17) is parallel to the length direction of the frame (1);
3)将定位凸状物(9)和上支撑杆(10)分别插入在定位孔(7)和上支撑杆件移动槽(8)内，使上支撑杆(10)与零件(17)上表面接触；3) Insert the positioning protrusion (9) and the upper support rod (10) into the positioning hole (7) and the moving groove of the upper support rod (8) respectively, so that the upper support rod (10) and the part (17) surface contact;
4)根据需要通过旋转上调距螺纹杆(12)调节二个上支撑杆(10)之间的距离，使得最终四个支撑点之间的距离的比例满足实验需要；4) Adjust the distance between the two upper support rods (10) by rotating the up-adjustment threaded rod (12) as required, so that the ratio of the distance between the final four support points meets the experimental needs;
5)根据需要在上盖(13)上，放置与上盖(13)长度和宽度一致的重物，5) Place a weight consistent with the length and width of the upper cover (13) on the upper cover (13) as required,
6)将激光位移传感器(5)固定于框架底部，并使其与二个下支撑杆(4)之间的距离相等，激光位移传感器(5)与计算机(14)相连，用以记录零件在受力弯曲发生蠕变过程中其挠度的变化，即可得到待测工件弯曲蠕变随时间变化的过程。6) Fix the laser displacement sensor (5) on the bottom of the frame, and make it equal to the distance between the two lower support rods (4). The laser displacement sensor (5) is connected with the computer (14) to record the position of the part The change of the deflection during the creep process of the force bending can obtain the time-varying process of the bending creep of the workpiece to be tested.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下还可以作出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements can also be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements should also be regarded as the invention. protected range.
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