CN103808572A - Simple method for various creepage tests and device thereof - Google Patents
Simple method for various creepage tests and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a simple method for various creepage tests and a device thereof. According to the method, an experiment environment in which an experiment material is positioned and a device for applying pressure to the experiment material are arranged in separated spaces; the device for applying the pressure is a mechanically manual pressure applying adjustment device; force is loaded to a loading lever through a weight; the loading force is transmitted to a force transmission rod through a loading force application point by the loading lever; a pressure head on the force transmission rod applies pressure to the experiment material for experiment; a stress sensor and a displacement sensor are used for acquiring experiment data in real time and the experiment data are transmitted into a computer through a data wire; system software is used for processing the data and drawing a creepage curve. The device consists of an experiment box, an operating platform and the pressure applying adjustment device. The method disclosed by the invention can be suitable for long-time experiment, and guarantees the creepage test precision and the test running cost can be greatly lowered. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, convenience in operation and maintenance, high loading stabilization precision, low experiment cost and good effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of simple and easy method and device thereof for multiple creep test.
Background technology
The creep behaviour of biological material belongs to the rheol category of Material Physics, is the one of biological material viscoelasticity behavior, and other viscoelasticity behavior mainly also comprises stress relaxation and the dynamic viscoelastic of biological material.Wood, bamboo, rattan material be as complicated macromolecular material, flows, all can show viscoelasticity behavior in the process such as crystallization, molecular orientation at its molecule segment motion, molecule.The viscoelasticity of research wood, bamboo, rattan material is for the structural design of wood, bamboo, rattan section product, some fundamental researches of Wood Science and Technology aspect, all significant.
Wood, bamboo, rattan material have the distortion of elasticity and two kinds of different mechanism of viscosity simultaneously as recyclable organism material, embody the overall characteristic of elastic solid (Hookean body) and fluid, i.e. viscoelasticity.The viscoelasticity research tool of biological material is of great significance.On the one hand, biological material is easily subject to the impact of temperature, water percentage variation or load change and presents viscoelasticity, and creep accumulation produces large distortion, causes biological material finally to destroy; On the other hand, biological material viscoelasticity is the basis of the biological material processing technology such as biological material bending, plasticization processing.Therefore, the viscoelasticity of biological material is not only the physics of biological material and the fundamental research content of mechanical property, effectively utilizes especially the theoretical foundation of biological material.The viscoelasticity of wood, bamboo, rattan material depends on the factors such as magnitude of load, temperature, water percentage, duration of load application, loading speed and strain amplitude, and wherein the impact of temperature, water percentage and load is particularly evident.The viscoelastic property of analytic tree, bamboo, rattan material uniqueness contributes to reasonable utilization, improved properties and the product development etc. of wood, bamboo, rattan material.
Creep is viscoelastic important content, refers to the process that under permanent load effect deformation extends in time and increase gradually.Bending creep speed is an important indicator of evaluating material anti-bending strength, is also an important evaluation index of materials'use performance, and bending creep proving installation is the equipment of measuring material bending creep rate.The draw factor complexity of wood, bamboo, rattan material, creep properties while understanding its long under varying environment conditioning, all very important to its product development and design.Research wood, bamboo, the croop property of rattan material under varying environment condition can not only be enriched its theory of mechanics, meanwhile, to improving its moulding process, expand its usable range, extend its serviceable life, and prevent that from there is great importance the aspects such as the modification of its embrittlement.
3 load bending experiments that add a centre-point load at free beam middle part are one of the most frequently used method of testings of creep test.In addition also have 4 load bending creep tests and semi-girder to load creep test.The time of creep test is longer, short 72 hours, long reach half a year even more than 1 year, and creep test cost is high, expend a large amount of man power and materials.Therefore,, in process of the test, reduction test run cost, warranty test load reliable and stable extremely important.Common creep test, data precision is difficult to guarantee.And adopt electronic universal tester to carry out creep test, being subject to the extraneous factor such as powers failure, voltage fluctuation affects, and equipment manufacturing cost and operating cost higher, be not suitable for long-time creep test needs.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to design a kind of simple and easy method and device thereof for multiple creep test, the method can be suitable for long period of experiments needs, guarantees creep measuring accuracy, can significantly reduce again test run cost; This device has simple in structure, and cost of manufacture is low, and Operation and maintenance are convenient, loads lasting accuracy high, the advantage that experimental cost is low and effective.
For this reason, simple and easy method of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) experiment material is processed into sheet by the size needing according to experiment, records by trial test the ultimate load that the bending ratio of experiment material can reach, and selectes a suitable bending load value and carry out bending creep test;
(2) calculate bending creep through lever principle and test needed weight, and calculate according to weighing scale the quality that loads counterweight;
(3) the residing experimental situation of experiment material adopts a point spatial placement with the device that experiment material is exerted pressure, experiment material is arranged in experimental box, the device of exerting pressure is positioned at the sealing cover of the outer upper end of experimental box, experimental facilities in experimental box and sealing cover is installed, by data line, displacement transducer, strain gauge and Temperature Humidity Sensor are connected with computing machine, and the environment in experimental box and humidity regulation need to be arrived to assigned temperature and humidity according to experiment;
(4) with fixture, experiment material is fixed on the bearing in experimental box, after balance a period of time, the counterweight of device for exerting is plugged on counterweight bar, the displacement of parallel counterweight bar on loading lever or the quantity of increase and decrease counterweight, to change the stressed size of experiment material, by counterweight, power is loaded into and is loaded on lever, by loading lever, loading force is passed to transmission rod by loading the point of application again, and exerted pressure to experiment material by the pressure head on transmission rod, strain gauge and displacement transducer are by carrying out Real-time Collection to experimental data, and be transferred in computing machine by data line, utilize system software to process data, draw out the creep curve of experiment material.
The regulating device of exerting pressure that the described device of exerting pressure is mechanical type manual.The residing experimental situation of described experiment material is positioned at the space of a sealing, and the device that experiment material is exerted pressure is located thereon in another space of end.Described experiment material is timber, or is bamboo wood, or is rattan material.
The device of realizing multiple creep test simple and easy method, is made up of experimental box, operating platform and the regulating device of exerting pressure:
Experimental box, gland bonnet is established in the upper end of experimental box, and the upper end of gland bonnet is provided with sealing cover, and operating platform and experiment material are positioned at experimental box, the regulating device of exerting pressure is positioned at the sealing cover of gland bonnet upper end, and the transmission rod lower end of the regulating device of exerting pressure is connected with the upper end of pressure head through the bar hole of crossing on gland bonnet;
Operating platform, operating platform is positioned at the experimental box of sealing, operating platform is made up of support saddle frame, gathering sill, bearing, bolt column, fixture, pressure head, heating and moistening device and Temperature Humidity Sensor, in support saddle frame, be provided with gathering sill, the lower end of bearing is fixed in gathering sill by bolt column, and the upper end of bearing is provided with fixture, fixes experiment material on fixture, in the experimental box of bearing one side, be provided with Temperature Humidity Sensor, heating and moistening device is positioned at experimental box lower end;
The regulating device of exerting pressure, the regulating device of exerting pressure is positioned at the sealing cover of experimental box upper end, by support, connecting link, displacement transducer, bolt, transmission rod, strain gauge, hinge, load lever, counterweight bar and counterweight form, one end of connecting link is fixed in the upper end of support, the other end of connecting link is provided with displacement transducer, displacement transducer is set on the upper end of transmission rod, between the gland bonnet upper end of transmission rod and excessively bar hole periphery, be provided with strain gauge, the lower end of transmission rod is connected with the upper end of pressure head through the bar hole of crossing on gland bonnet, the lower end of pressure head holds on the upper surface of experiment material, the one end that loads lever is connected with the middle part of support by hinge, load the middle part of lever is installed in same level face transmission rod upper by bolt, the periphery wall that loads the other end of lever is marked with weight scale line, the lower end of counterweight bar is set in the upper end of the loading lever that indicates weight scale line segment, on counterweight bar, be arranged with counterweight.
Described Temperature Humidity Sensor, strain gauge and displacement transducer are connected with computing machine by data line respectively.Described heating and moistening device is automatic heating humidifier, or is by computer-controlled automatic heating humidifier.The leading flank of described experimental box is the sightingpiston that transparent material is made.The lower end of described counterweight bar is Y shape runner frame, and the Y shape runner frame of a side is provided with fixing snib.Described transmission rod center line and the horizontal angle of experiment material are 90 °.
Said structure design has reached object of the present invention.
The present invention can realize wood, bamboo, the rattan material croop property under varying environment condition and measure, and the method can be suitable for long period of experiments needs, guarantee creep measuring accuracy, can significantly reduce again test run cost; This device has simple in structure, and cost of manufacture is low, and Operation and maintenance are convenient, loads lasting accuracy high, the advantage that experimental cost is low and effective.According to statistics: the creep curve that is better than making with electronic universal tester experiment material with the creep curve that the inventive method is drawn out experiment material, this is because electronic universal tester is to be completed by computer-controlled hydropress to the loading force of experiment material, and hydropress is subject to the unsettled impact of voltage crest, can not guarantee steady in a long-term, heap(ed) capacity accurately.And the present invention can guarantee loading force stability and accuracy from start to finish, thereby it is more approaching true to make to make the creep curve of experiment material.And experimental cost of the present invention is only 5% of electronic universal tester experimental cost, experimenter's 10%, significantly experimental expenses.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is counterweight bar structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
For a simple and easy method for multiple creep test, comprise the steps:
(1) experiment material is processed into sheet by the size needing according to experiment, records by trial test the ultimate load that the bending ratio of experiment material can reach, and selectes a suitable bending load value and carry out bending creep test;
(2) calculate bending creep through lever principle and test needed weight, and calculate according to weighing scale the quality that loads counterweight;
(3) the residing experimental situation of experiment material adopts a point spatial placement with the device that experiment material is exerted pressure, experiment material is arranged in experimental box, the device of exerting pressure is positioned at the sealing cover of the outer upper end of experimental box, experimental facilities in experimental box and sealing cover is installed, by data line, displacement transducer, strain gauge and Temperature Humidity Sensor are connected with computing machine, and the environment in experimental box and humidity regulation need to be arrived to assigned temperature and humidity according to experiment;
(4) with fixture, experiment material is fixed on the bearing in experimental box, after balance a period of time, the counterweight of device for exerting is plugged on counterweight bar, the displacement of parallel counterweight bar on loading lever or the quantity of increase and decrease counterweight, to change the stressed size of experiment material, by counterweight, power is loaded into and is loaded on lever, by loading lever, loading force is passed to transmission rod by loading the point of application again, and exerted pressure to experiment material by the pressure head on transmission rod, strain gauge and displacement transducer are by carrying out Real-time Collection to experimental data, and be transferred in computing machine by data line, utilize system software to process data, draw out the creep curve of experiment material.
The regulating device of exerting pressure that the described device of exerting pressure is mechanical type manual.The residing experimental situation of described experiment material is positioned at the space of a sealing, and the device that experiment material is exerted pressure is located thereon in another space of end.Described experiment material is timber, or is bamboo wood, or is rattan material.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of device of realizing multiple creep test simple and easy method, is made up of experimental box 21, operating platform and the regulating device of exerting pressure, wherein:
Experimental box, gland bonnet 25 is established in the upper end of experimental box, and the upper end of gland bonnet is provided with sealing cover 1, and sealing cover can be made up of transparent material, is fastened on the upper end of gland bonnet, for giving the stable space of regulating device of exerting pressure.Operating platform and experiment material 24 are positioned at experimental box.The regulating device of exerting pressure is positioned at the sealing cover of gland bonnet upper end, and the transmission rod lower end of the regulating device of exerting pressure is connected with the upper end of pressure head 16 through the bar hole 15 of crossing on gland bonnet.
Operating platform, operating platform is positioned at the experimental box of sealing, and operating platform is made up of support saddle frame 18, gathering sill 22, bearing 20, bolt column 19, fixture 17, pressure head, heating and moistening device 23 and Temperature Humidity Sensor 10.In support saddle frame, be provided with gathering sill, the lower end of bearing is fixed in gathering sill by bolt column, and the post that loosers a bolt also can make bearing move in gathering sill, to facilitate the distance of adjusting two bearings.Bearing is two, also can arrange according to need 3～4.The upper end of bearing is provided with fixture, fixes experiment material on fixture.In the experimental box of bearing one side, be provided with Temperature Humidity Sensor, Temperature Humidity Sensor is connected with computing machine by data line.Heating and moistening device 23 is positioned at experimental box lower end, and described heating and moistening device is automatic heating humidifier, or is by computer-controlled automatic heating humidifier, keeps constant temperature and humidity for making in experimental box.
The regulating device of exerting pressure, the regulating device of exerting pressure is positioned at the sealing cover of experimental box upper end, by support 2, connecting link 3, displacement transducer 4, bolt 11, transmission rod 13, strain gauge 14, hinge 12, load lever 5, counterweight bar 7 and counterweight 6 and formed.One end of connecting link is fixed in the upper end of support, and the other end of connecting link is provided with displacement transducer, and displacement transducer is set on the upper end of transmission rod, and displacement transducer is connected with computing machine 9 by data line 8.Between the gland bonnet upper end of transmission rod and excessively bar hole 15 peripheries, be provided with strain gauge 14, strain gauge is connected with computing machine by data line.The lower end of transmission rod is connected with the upper end of pressure head through the bar hole of crossing on gland bonnet, and the lower end of pressure head holds on the upper surface of experiment material.Load one end of lever and is connected with the middle part of support by hinge, the middle part of loading lever is installed in transmission rod upper of same level face by bolt, and the periphery wall of the other end of loading lever is marked with weight scale line.The lower end of counterweight bar is set in the upper end of the loading lever that indicates weight scale line segment, on counterweight bar, is arranged with counterweight.The lower end of described counterweight bar is that the Y shape runner frame of Y shape runner frame 71, one sides is provided with fixing snib 72, and the Y shape runner frame of fixing snib and a side is spirally connected.Turning fixing snib holds its termination and counterweight masthead, can fix counterweight bar in loading on any part of lever, be that counterweight bar can be fixed on any part of loading lever that indicates weight scale line segment by fixing snib, the loading that loads lever to fix is exerted pressure.Otherwise counterweight bar can move at any part of the loading lever that indicates weight scale line segment, to adjust the loaded weight to transmission rod.
The leading flank of described experimental box is the sightingpiston that transparent material is made, and transparent material is glass or organic transparent material, to facilitate situation in observation experiment case.Described transmission rod center line and the horizontal angle of experiment material are 90 °.
When use, experiment material is processed into sheet by the size needing according to experiment, record by trial test the ultimate load that the bending ratio of experiment material can reach, a selected suitable bending load value is carried out bending creep test, calculate bending creep through lever principle and test needed weight, and calculate according to weighing scale the quality that loads counterweight.Experimental facilities in experimental box and sealing cover is installed, by data line, displacement transducer is connected with computing machine with Temperature Humidity Sensor, and the environment in experimental box and humidity regulation need to be arrived to assigned temperature and humidity according to experiment, the data that can be imported according to Temperature Humidity Sensor by computing machine also be controlled accordingly the running of heating and moistening device and realize.Experiment material is fixed on bearing with fixture, after balance a period of time, counterweight is plugged on counterweight bar, the displacement of parallel counterweight bar on loading lever or the quantity of increase and decrease counterweight, to change the stressed size of experiment material, by counterweight, power is loaded into and is loaded on lever, by loading lever, loading force is passed to transmission rod by loading the point of application again, and by the pressure head on transmission rod to the experiment material experiment of exerting pressure, strain gauge and displacement transducer are by carrying out Real-time Collection to experimental data, and be transferred in computing machine by data line, utilize system software to process data, draw out creep curve.
Experimental provision of the present invention can be followed according to the creep properties of the different materials such as wood, bamboo, rattan material, and two bearings are equipped with to single head pattern pressure head, can carry out three-point bending creep test; Two bearings are equipped with double end pattern pressure head, can carry out four-point bending creep test; A bearing is equipped with single-point type pressure head, can carry out semi-girder and load creep test.
The present invention can realize wood, bamboo, the rattan material croop property under varying environment condition and measure, the deformation of creep to test material gathers automatically, its creep process is followed the tracks of, and be connected with computing machine, directly draw creep process, the steady state creep strain rate of simultaneously measurable material under determined test condition, have simple in structure, easy to operate, easy to maintenance, loading lasting accuracy is high, the advantage that experimental cost is low and effective.
Claims (10)
1. for a simple and easy method for multiple creep test, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps,
(1) experiment material is processed into sheet by the size needing according to experiment, records by trial test the ultimate load that the bending ratio of experiment material can reach, and selectes a suitable bending load value and carry out bending creep test;
(2) calculate bending creep through lever principle and test needed weight, and calculate according to weighing scale the quality that loads counterweight;
(3) the residing experimental situation of experiment material adopts a point spatial placement with the device that experiment material is exerted pressure, experiment material is arranged in experimental box, the device of exerting pressure is positioned at the sealing cover of the outer upper end of experimental box, experimental facilities in experimental box and sealing cover is installed, by data line, displacement transducer, strain gauge and Temperature Humidity Sensor are connected with computing machine, and the environment in experimental box and humidity regulation need to be arrived to assigned temperature and humidity according to experiment;
(4) with fixture, experiment material is fixed on the bearing in experimental box, after balance a period of time, the counterweight of device for exerting is plugged on counterweight bar, the displacement of parallel counterweight bar on loading lever or the quantity of increase and decrease counterweight, to change the stressed size of experiment material, by counterweight, power is loaded into and is loaded on lever, by loading lever, loading force is passed to transmission rod by loading the point of application again, and exerted pressure to experiment material by the pressure head on transmission rod, strain gauge and displacement transducer are by carrying out Real-time Collection to experimental data, and be transferred in computing machine by data line, utilize system software to process data, draw out the creep curve of experiment material.
2. by simple and easy method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the regulating device of exerting pressure that the described device of exerting pressure is mechanical type manual.
3. by simple and easy method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the residing experimental situation of described experiment material is positioned at the space of a sealing, the device that experiment material is exerted pressure is located thereon in another space of end.
4. by simple and easy method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described experiment material is timber, or be bamboo wood, or be rattan material.
5. a device of realizing simple and easy method described in claim 1, is made up of experimental box, operating platform and the regulating device of exerting pressure, and it is characterized in that:
Experimental box, gland bonnet is established in the upper end of experimental box, and the upper end of gland bonnet is provided with sealing cover, and operating platform and experiment material are positioned at experimental box, the regulating device of exerting pressure is positioned at the sealing cover of gland bonnet upper end, and the transmission rod lower end of the regulating device of exerting pressure is connected with the upper end of pressure head through the bar hole of crossing on gland bonnet;
Operating platform, operating platform is positioned at the experimental box of sealing, operating platform is made up of support saddle frame, gathering sill, bearing, bolt column, fixture, pressure head, heating and moistening device and Temperature Humidity Sensor, in support saddle frame, be provided with gathering sill, the lower end of bearing is fixed in gathering sill by bolt column, and the upper end of bearing is provided with fixture, fixes experiment material on fixture, in the experimental box of bearing one side, be provided with Temperature Humidity Sensor, heating and moistening device is positioned at experimental box lower end;
The regulating device of exerting pressure, the regulating device of exerting pressure is positioned at the sealing cover of experimental box upper end, by support, connecting link, displacement transducer, bolt, transmission rod, strain gauge, hinge, load lever, counterweight bar and counterweight form, one end of connecting link is fixed in the upper end of support, the other end of connecting link is provided with displacement transducer, displacement transducer is set on the upper end of transmission rod, between the gland bonnet upper end of transmission rod and excessively bar hole periphery, be provided with strain gauge, the lower end of transmission rod is connected with the upper end of pressure head through the bar hole of crossing on gland bonnet, the lower end of pressure head holds on the upper surface of experiment material, the one end that loads lever is connected with the middle part of support by hinge, load the middle part of lever is installed in same level face transmission rod upper by bolt, the periphery wall that loads the other end of lever is marked with weight scale line, the lower end of counterweight bar is set in the upper end of the loading lever that indicates weight scale line segment, on counterweight bar, be arranged with counterweight.
6. by device claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described Temperature Humidity Sensor, strain gauge and displacement transducer are connected with computing machine by data line respectively.
7. by device claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described heating and moistening device is automatic heating humidifier, or be by computer-controlled automatic heating humidifier.
8. by device claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the leading flank of described experimental box is the sightingpiston that transparent material is made.
9. by device claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the lower end of described counterweight bar is Y shape runner frame, the Y shape runner frame of a side is provided with fixing snib.
10. by device claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described transmission rod center line and the horizontal angle of experiment material are 90 °.
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