CN104197206B - Oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system and method based on distributing optical fiber sensing - Google Patents
Oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system and method based on distributing optical fiber sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104197206B CN104197206B CN201410476576.5A CN201410476576A CN104197206B CN 104197206 B CN104197206 B CN 104197206B CN 201410476576 A CN201410476576 A CN 201410476576A CN 104197206 B CN104197206 B CN 104197206B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing and method, method comprises the following steps, 1) Michelson fiber-optic interferometer is built by 3 × 3 fiber couplers, and obtain the fixed skew between three road interference signal on oil/gas pipe line, adjacent two-way interference signal in the presence of 2 π/3；2) three road interference signals are utilized, interference light phase delta phi (t) caused by disturbance is demodulated；3) formula for calculating interference light phase delta phi (t) is carried out and differenceization accumulates computing；4) phase DC composition, and differential derivation are filtered off；5) Spectrum Conversion is carried out；6) L is calculated2, L2For the disturbance location of outer bound pair oil/gas pipe line.Present invention, avoiding cumbersome expensive hardware unit, while also having evaded the sensitivity of white light interferometer location technology and the double-barreled question of trap wave point aliasing, insertion loss is smaller, has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing and method, belong to defeated
Oil-gas pipeline safe early warning technical field.
Background technology
Growing with China's economy, pipe safety especially oil/gas pipe line is to obtain significant concern within several years at this
One subdivision field, if the rupture and leakage of oil/gas pipe line, resident living can be caused by tremendous influence；If oil transportation gas
Pipeline wrecks, then brings huge potential safety hazard, and cause immeasurable economic loss.
It is well known that the alarm monitoring system of prior art is supported by multiplexer channel mostly, and this system is to need to lead to
The software for crossing each different passages goes to control respective passage, too cumbersome from the point of view of technological layer, implements and also compares
Trouble, and the cost set up and safeguarded is also all higher, is not suitable in this long range of oil/gas pipe line, inflammable and explosive field
Close lower apply.
Along with the appearance of optical fiber sensing technology, numerous optical fiber such as Mach-Zehnder interference techniques, white light interference technique
Sensing technology starts this field in pipeline security protection and is applied, in addition, also having what a variety of interferometers were combined together by some
Technology, such as Sagnac and Mach-Zehnder, Sagnac and Sagnac, the external research currently for optical fiber security alarm technology
Also it is a lot, the fiber fence alarm technique research of Sagnac, MZ interference class is also mainly based upon, is rarely had on monitoring pipeline safety
Application.
It is dry with Mach-Zehnder New Interferometer Positioning Techniques and optical fiber white light due to some inborn limitations of respective technical know-how
Exemplified by the trap wave point location technology of interferometer, Mach-Zehnder New Interferometer Positioning Techniques must be filled using the synchronous acquisition of high-speed
Put, cost is higher, and sharply increased with the cost after certain distance that increases to of monitoring distance；And Fiber White-light Interferometer trap
Due to there is delay fiber optic loop in point location technology, and trap wave point can also be produced in itself by postponing fiber optic loop, in long range position fixing process
In be easily caused trap wave point aliasing interference phenomenon, and can reduce system by reducing delay optical fiber ring length to solve Aliasing Problem
Sensitivity.
Any of the above technology can not lift pipeline security protection to a good application highly all the time, and in the market still lacks one
Effective pipeline security type technical products are planted, in view of the above problems, a kind of low fiber orientation type of simple, cost are developed
Oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring method is imperative.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome still to lack a kind of effective pipeline security type technical products on existing market.This
The oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing and method of invention, it is to avoid cumbersome expensive hardware dress
Put, while also having evaded the double-barreled question of white light interferometer location technology, insertion loss is smaller, be adapted to over long distances, it is a wide range of defeated
Oil-gas pipeline safe early warning, monitoring distance has a good application prospect up to 150km.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing, it is characterised in that：Including laser,
First photo-detector, the second photo-detector, the 3rd photo-detector, 3 × 3 fiber couplers, the first sensor fibre terminal FRM and
Two sensor fibre terminal FRM, the laser, the second photo-detector pass through optical fiber circulator and 3 × 3 fiber couplers first
Road input is connected, and first photo-detector, second and third road of the 3rd photo-detector respectively with 3 × 3 fiber couplers are defeated
Enter end to be connected, the first via output end of 3 × 3 fiber coupler passes through sensor fibre and the first sensor fibre terminal FRM
It is connected, the second tunnel output end of 3 × 3 fiber coupler passes through optical fiber reference arm and the second sensor fibre terminal FRM phases
Connection.
The foregoing oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing, it is characterised in that：The sensing
Transmission direction distribution of the optical fiber along oil/gas pipe line.
The foregoing oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing, it is characterised in that：Described first
Sensor fibre terminal FRM and the second sensor fibre terminal FRM is faraday rotator mirror.
The monitoring method of oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing, it is characterised in that：Including
Following steps,
Step (1), builds Michelson fiber-optic interferometer by 3 × 3 fiber couplers, obtains three tunnel on oil/gas pipe line
There is the fixed skew of 2 π/3 between interference signal, adjacent two-way interference signal；
Step (2), using three road interference signals, demodulates interference light phase delta phi (t) caused by disturbance, process is,
(1) disturbance φ (t) is set as single frequency sinusoidal function, shown in such as formula (1),
φ (t)=φ0sinω(t) (1)
Wherein, φ0Refer to disturb caused light phase change amplitude；ω refers to forcing frequency；
(2) according to formula (2), interference light phase delta phi (t) caused by calculation perturbation,
Wherein, τ0Pass through L for the first via light of fibre optic interferometer0The time of distance, τ1For the second road light of fibre optic interferometer
By L1The time of distance, τ2Pass through L for the 3rd road light of fibre optic interferometer2The time of distance,During for undisturbed situation, light
The phase difference of fine reference arm and sensor fibre；L0For the total length of the sensor fibre arranged in parallel with oil/gas pipe line；L1For disturbance
Distance of the point to sensor fibre top；L2For the distance of disturbance point to sensor fibre terminal FRM；
Step (3), is carried out to formula (2) and differenceization accumulates computing, obtains formula (3),
Step (4), phase DC composition is filtered off to formula (3), and to formula (3) differential derivation, obtains formula (4),
The φ of Δ φ ' (t)=20ωcosω(t+τ0)cosω(τ2) (4)；
Step (5), carries out Spectrum Conversion to formula (4), obtains formula (5),
Δ φ ' (ω)=2 φ0ωcosω(τ2) (5)；
Step (6), as cos ω (τ2)=0, according to formula (5), obtains formula (6),
2πfn(L2)/C=k π+pi/2 (6)
Then,
Wherein, n is that optical fibre refractivity, C are that the light velocity, K are natural number, and spectrogram will appear from periodic depression points, pass through
The frequency values f of depression points is determined, L is calculated2, L2For the disturbance location of oil/gas pipe line.
The foregoing oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring method based on distributing optical fiber sensing, it is characterised in that：Step (1),
Michelson fiber-optic interferometer, the method for obtaining three road interference signals on oil/gas pipe line are built by 3 × 3 fiber couplers
To include two-beam road per interference signal all the way, two-beam road forms interference, and the path of a branch of light path is laser to 3 × 3 light
Fine coupler is to optical fiber reference arm to the second sensor fibre terminal FRM to optical fiber reference arm to 3 × 3 fiber couplers to optical detection
Device；The path of another beam light velocity is, laser to 3 × 3 fiber couplers to the first sensor fibre terminal FRM to 3 × 3 optical fiber couplings
Clutch is to photo-detector.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing of the present invention
And method, it is to avoid cumbersome expensive hardware unit, while also having evaded the double-barreled question of white light interferometer location technology, is inserted
Loss is smaller, is adapted to long range, a wide range of oil/gas pipe line safe early warning, monitoring distance is up to 150km, with good application
Prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of the oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring method based on distributing optical fiber sensing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the invention will be further described.Following examples are only used for clearly
Illustrate technical scheme, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
As shown in figure 1, the oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing of the present invention, including laser
Device, the first photo-detector (photo-detector 1), the second photo-detector (photo-detector 2), the 3rd photo-detector (photo-detector 3), 3
× 3 fiber couplers (coupler), the first sensor fibre terminal FRM (the first FRM) and the second sensor fibre terminal FRM (second
FRM), laser, the second photo-detector are connected by optical fiber circulator M with the first via input of 3 × 3 fiber couplers,
First photo-detector, the 3rd photo-detector are connected with second and third road input of 3 × 3 fiber couplers respectively, 3 × 3 optical fiber
The first via output end of coupler is connected by sensor fibre with the first sensor fibre terminal FRM, 3 × 3 fiber couplers
Second tunnel output end is connected by optical fiber reference arm with the second sensor fibre terminal FRM, and wherein sensor fibre is along oil/gas pipe
The transmission direction distribution of line；First sensor fibre terminal FRM and the second sensor fibre terminal FRM are Faraday rotation reflection
Mirror.
The monitoring method of oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on above-mentioned distributing optical fiber sensing, it is to avoid cumbersome
Expensive hardware unit, while also having evaded the double-barreled question of white light interferometer location technology, insertion loss is smaller, be adapted to it is long away from
From, a wide range of oil/gas pipe line safe early warning, monitoring distance is up to 150km, as shown in Fig. 2 following steps are specifically included,
Step (1), builds Michelson fiber-optic interferometer by 3 × 3 fiber couplers, obtains three tunnel on oil/gas pipe line
There is the fixed skew of 2 π/3 between interference signal, adjacent two-way interference signal；
Step (2), using three road interference signals, demodulates interference light phase delta phi (t) caused by disturbance, process is,
(1) disturbance φ (t) is set as single frequency sinusoidal function, shown in such as formula (1),
φ (t)=φ0sinω(t) (1)
Wherein, φ0Refer to disturb caused light phase change amplitude；ω refers to forcing frequency；
(2) according to formula (2), interference light phase delta phi (t) caused by calculation perturbation,
Wherein, τ0Pass through L for the first via light of fibre optic interferometer0The time of distance, τ1For the second road light of fibre optic interferometer
By L1The time of distance, τ2Pass through L for the 3rd road light of fibre optic interferometer2The time of distance,During for undisturbed situation, light
The phase difference of fine reference arm and sensor fibre；L0For the total length of the sensor fibre arranged in parallel with oil/gas pipe line；L1For disturbance
Distance of the point to sensor fibre top；L2For the distance of disturbance point to sensor fibre terminal FRM；
Step (3), is carried out to formula (2) and differenceization accumulates computing, obtains formula (3),
Step (4), phase DC composition is filtered off to formula (3), and to formula (3) differential derivation, obtains formula (4),
The φ of Δ φ ' (t)=20ωcosω(t+τ0)cosω(τ2) (4)；
Step (5), carries out Spectrum Conversion to formula (4), obtains formula (5),
Δ φ ' (ω)=2 φ0ωcosω(τ2) (5)；
Step (6), as cos ω (τ2)=0, according to formula (5), obtains formula (6),
2πfn(L2)/C=k π+pi/2 (6)
Then,
Wherein, n is that optical fibre refractivity, C are that the light velocity, K are natural number, and spectrogram will appear from periodic depression points, pass through
The frequency values f of depression points is determined, L is calculated2, L2For the extraneous disturbance location for putting on oil/gas pipe line, convenient detection failure.
Step (1), builds Michelson fiber-optic interferometer by 3 × 3 fiber couplers, obtains three tunnel on oil/gas pipe line
The method of interference signal is to include two-beam road per interference signal all the way, and two-beam road forms interference, and the path of a branch of light path is
Laser is to 3 × 3 fiber couplers to optical fiber reference arm to the second sensor fibre terminal FRM to optical fiber reference arm to 3 × 3 optical fiber
Coupler is to photo-detector；The path of another beam light velocity is, laser to 3 × 3 fiber couplers to the first sensor fibre terminal
FRM is to 3 × 3 fiber couplers to photo-detector.
As shown in figure 1, it is laser -3 × 3coupler (3 × 3 fiber couplings that A roads interference signal, which includes a branch of light path,
Device) the-the one FRM of-optical fiber reference arm (faraday rotator mirror)-optical fiber -3 × 3coupler- of reference arm photo-detectors 1；Separately
A branch of light path is laser -3 × 3coupler- sensor fibres the-the two FRM- -3 × 3coupler- of sensor fibre photo-detectors 1；
It is laser -3 × FRM- optical fiber of 3coupler- optical fiber reference arm-the one ginseng that B roads interference signal, which includes a branch of light path,
Examine arm -3 × 3coupler- photo-detectors 2；The-the two FRM- sensor fibres of laser -3 × 3coupler- sensor fibres -3 ×
3coupler- photo-detectors 2；
It is laser -3 × FRM- optical fiber of 3coupler- optical fiber reference arm-the one ginseng that C roads interference signal, which includes a branch of light path,
Examine arm -3 × 3coupler- photo-detectors 3；The-the two FRM- sensor fibres of laser -3 × 3coupler- sensor fibres -3 ×
3coupler- photo-detectors 3.
There is the fixed skew of 2 π/3 between the above-mentioned road interference signal of A, B, C tri-, adjacent two-way interference signal.
General principle, principal character and the advantage of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the original for simply illustrating the present invention described in above-described embodiment and specification
Reason, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes and improvements
It all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its equivalent circle
It is fixed.
Claims (3)
1. the oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing, it is characterised in that：Including
Laser, the first photo-detector, the second photo-detector, the 3rd photo-detector, 3 × 3 fiber couplers, the first sensor fibre
Terminal FRM and the second sensor fibre terminal FRM, the laser, the second photo-detector pass through optical fiber circulator and 3 × 3 optical fiber
The first via input of coupler is connected, first photo-detector, the 3rd photo-detector respectively with 3 × 3 fiber couplers
Second and third road input be connected, the first via output end of 3 × 3 fiber coupler passes through sensor fibre and first and passed
Sense fibre-optic terminus FRM is connected, and the second tunnel output end of 3 × 3 fiber coupler is sensed by optical fiber reference arm and second
Fibre-optic terminus FRM is connected, transmission direction distribution of the sensor fibre along oil/gas pipe line, the first sensor fibre terminal
FRM and the second sensor fibre terminal FRM is faraday rotator mirror.
2. the monitoring side based on the oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system based on distributing optical fiber sensing described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps,
Step (1), Michelson fiber-optic interferometer is built by 3 × 3 fiber couplers, is obtained three tunnels on oil/gas pipe line and is interfered
There is the fixed skew of 2 π/3 between signal, adjacent two-way interference signal；
Step (2), using three road interference signals, demodulates interference light phase delta phi (t) caused by disturbance, process is,
(1) disturbance φ (t) is set as single frequency sinusoidal function, shown in such as formula (1),
φ (t)=φ0sinω(t) (1)
Wherein, φ0Refer to disturb caused light phase change amplitude；ω refers to forcing frequency；
(2) according to formula (2), interference light phase delta phi (t) caused by calculation perturbation,
Wherein, τ0Pass through L for the first via light of fibre optic interferometer0The time of distance, τ1Pass through for the second road light of fibre optic interferometer
L1The time of distance, τ2Pass through L for the 3rd road light of fibre optic interferometer2The time of distance,During for undisturbed situation, optical fiber
The phase difference of reference arm and sensor fibre；L0For the total length of the sensor fibre arranged in parallel with oil/gas pipe line；L1For disturbance point
To the distance at sensor fibre top；L2For the distance of disturbance point to sensor fibre terminal FRM；
Step (3), is carried out to formula (2) and differenceization accumulates computing, obtains formula (3),
Step (4), phase DC composition is filtered off to formula (3), and to formula (3) differential derivation, obtains formula (4),
The φ of Δ φ ' (t)=20ωcosω(t+τ0)cosω(τ2) (4)；
Step (5), carries out Spectrum Conversion to formula (4), obtains formula (5),
Δ φ ' (ω)=2 φ0ωcosω(τ2) (5)；
Step (6), as cos ω (τ2)=0, according to formula (5), obtains formula (6),
2πfn(L2)/C=k π+pi/2 (6)
Then,
Wherein, n is that optical fibre refractivity, C are that the light velocity, K are natural number, and spectrogram will appear from periodic depression points, passes through and determines
The frequency values f of depression points, calculates L2, L2For the disturbance location of oil/gas pipe line.
3. the monitoring side of the oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system according to claim 2 based on distributing optical fiber sensing
Method, it is characterised in that：Step (1), builds Michelson fiber-optic interferometer by 3 × 3 fiber couplers, obtains oil/gas pipe line
The method of upper three road interference signal is to include two-beam road per interference signal all the way, and two-beam road forms interference, a branch of light path
Path is laser to 3 × 3 fiber couplers to optical fiber reference arm to the second sensor fibre terminal FRM to optical fiber reference arm to 3
× 3 fiber couplers are to photo-detector；The path of another beam light velocity is, laser to 3 × 3 fiber couplers to the first sense light
Fine terminal FRM is to 3 × 3 fiber couplers to photo-detector.
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| CN104949698B (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2017-08-15 | 苏州光蓝信息技术有限公司 | A kind of radial pipe network monitoring method |
| CN105371942A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-02 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Distributed optical-fiber coal mine rescue positioning system |
| CN108709895A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-10-26 | 昆仑杰信（北京）科技有限责任公司长沙分公司 | A kind of optical fiber acoustic detection probe for leakage monitoring system |
| CN110940364B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-22 | 复旦大学 | Distributed two-arm sensing system based on Michelson interferometer |
| CN110840419A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-28 | 复旦大学 | Human body pulse wave measuring method based on optical fiber interference |
| CN111157100B (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2022-05-20 | 河海大学常州校区 | All-fiber sensing positioning system and positioning method based on feedback |
| CN112161778B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-08-02 | 南昌航空大学 | Distributed optical fiber disturbance positioning method based on regression probability distribution |
| CN112097813B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-05-17 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | 3X 3 coupler photoelectric detection method and device based on optical frequency modulation |
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| CN102997054A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | System for resisting polarization fading of natural gas pipe leakage detecting sensor group |
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| CN100422629C (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-10-01 | 北京工业大学 | Pipeline leakage monitor based on sagnac optical fiber interferometer |
| KR101155975B1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2012-06-18 | (주) 이우티이씨 | Detection and management system for underground facility using optical fiber sensor and magnetic marker |
| CN204153472U (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2015-02-11 | 苏州光蓝信息技术有限公司 | Based on the oil/gas pipe line safety monitoring system of distributing optical fiber sensing |
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| CN102997054A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | System for resisting polarization fading of natural gas pipe leakage detecting sensor group |
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