CN101813238B - Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensing system and time domain positioning method thereof - Google Patents
Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensing system and time domain positioning method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensing system and a time domain positioning method thereof. The system comprises a nested structure of a Sagnac interferometer consisting of three fiber couplers and four fibers and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, wherein the Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometers are respectively connected with an incoherent light source and two photoelectric detectors. In the time domain correlation positioning method, the cross-correlation operation of disturbing signals detected by the Sagnac interferometer and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are utilized to determine the time used from disturbance propagation to one end of a sensing fiber, the delay time of a maximum value point of a cross-correlation curve corresponds to the time, and a disturbance position is determined by using the time. The invention overcomes the defects of limit positioning distance and positioning precision of a traditional Sagnac nterferometer profile fiber sensing system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of profile fiber sensor-based system and time domain positioning method thereof.Be a kind of Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system and time domain related positioning method thereof that is applicable to oil, feed channel Leak Detection or fiber fence.
Background technology
Recently from various oil, fate are failed the security of operation of pipeline and the needs of national defence or civilian circumference safety precaution; The research of profile fiber sensor-based system more and more receives people's attention, and the profile fiber sensor-based system that wherein utilizes interference technique is the focus of recent research.
Typical interference form mainly contains Sagnac interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer.Sagnac interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system utilizes the monochromatic light road to carry out two-beam interference; Insensitive to environmental change; Practicability aspect pipeline leakage testing; But because it adopts the zero frequency method location of leakage signal frequency spectrum, the signal demodulation more complicated of system, and detect distance limited in the spectrum width of leakage signal.Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system adopts computing cross-correlation to confirm the location technology of time delay, and the signal demodulation is simple, but because the Mach-Zehnder interferometer needs two-way operation, needs two laser instruments, and cost is high; Or be divided into two bundles to the laser of laser instrument output through coupling mechanism, and let wherein a branch ofly be transported to the other end of Mach-Zehnder interferometer through one section very long Transmission Fibers, cause and lay and use inconvenience.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of Sagnac interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a kind of Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system and time domain positioning method thereof are provided.
For achieving the above object, design of the present invention is: the Sagnac interferometer that profile fiber sensor-based system of the present invention is made up of 3 fiber couplers and 4 optical fiber and the nested structure (being called for short the Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer) of Mach-Zehnder interferometer are formed.The Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer links to each other with two photodetectors with a coherent source respectively.Half that have only Sagnac interference optical fiber ring be as sensor fibre, and its length is far longer than in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer two and connects length of fiber.
The time domain positioning method of described Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system is characterized in that utilizing the computing cross-correlation of the output signal of Sagnac interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer to confirm that the propagation of disturbance arrives the used time of sensor fibre one end.The time delay of the maximum of points of simple crosscorrelation curve is to should the time, confirms the disturbance location by this time.
The present invention can be used for the Leak Detection of oil, the defeated pipeline of fate, also can be used for circumferential protective, i.e. fiber fence.The paving mode of described fiber fence can also can or be installed on the fence for the laying face of land for being embedded in underground or the top of a wall.
Principle of work and characteristics: when sensor fibre is being disturbed at distance first coupling mechanism 1 place, disturbance causes that the phase place of the light that transmits in the sensor fibre is modulated, establishes the phase modulation (PM) that disturbance causes to do
Be its amplitude, ω
sBe its angular frequency.Connect length of fiber because sensor fibre length is far longer than two, produce the interference signal that is caused by disturbance at the first coupling mechanism place, it exchanges output and can be expressed as
E
S0For light arrives the electric field magnitude of first photodetector, τ is that light is propagated used time, τ along sensor fibre
rBe the used time of the propagation of disturbance to the three coupling mechanisms.Simultaneously; Carrying the light of phase-modulated information in the sensor fibre propagates along the pickup arm of Mach-Zehnder interferometer; The 3rd coupling mechanism place with propagate the light that comes along the reference arm of Mach-Zehnder interferometer and meet, produce the interference signal that causes by this disturbance, it exchanges output and can be expressed as
E
M0Arrive the electric field magnitude of second photodetector for light.When
Hour, two all similar cosine functions of interchanges output of interfering view, both are correlated with, and calculate their simple crosscorrelation through signal processing system, and the time delay of the maximum of points of simple crosscorrelation, the corresponding propagation of disturbance was to the used time τ of first coupling mechanism
l=τ-τ
r, and then by l=c τ
l/ n obtain perturbation distance first coupling mechanism apart from l, wherein c is a light velocity of propagation in a vacuum, n is the refractive index of fiber core.
Because between signal and the noise is incoherent, therefore, utilize the computing cross-correlation location, can also remove the random noise of system, improve bearing accuracy.
According to the foregoing invention content, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system; Comprise a light source, a signal processing system, a Sagnac interferometer and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is characterized in that said Sagnac interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer form nested structure through one second coupling mechanism; Said nested structure is: the p2 port by one first coupling mechanism links to each other with the p2 port of said second coupling mechanism through a sensor fibre; The p1 port of said second coupling mechanism links to each other with the p3 port of said first coupling mechanism through a non-sensor fibre, constitutes said Sagnac interferometer; The p2 port of said first coupling mechanism connects optical fiber and links to each other with the p2 port of the 3rd coupling mechanism through p2 port, the P4 port, first of sensor fibre, said second coupling mechanism; Constitute the interference arm of said Mach-Zehnder interferometer; The p3 port of said first coupling mechanism connects optical fiber and links to each other with the p3 port of the 3rd coupling mechanism through p1 port, the P3 port, second of non-sensor fibre, said second coupling mechanism, constitutes the reference arm of said Mach-Zehnder interferometer; Said light source is imported said Sagnac interferometer via the p1 port of said first coupling mechanism; The output of said Sagnac interferometer is introduced into one first photodetector via the p4 port of said first coupling mechanism, through a data acquisition system, gets into said signal processing system at last; The output of said Mach-Zehnder interferometer is introduced into one second photodetector via the p1 port of said the 3rd coupling mechanism, also through said data acquisition system (DAS), and last entering signal disposal system.
Said first coupling mechanism, second coupling mechanism and the 3rd coupling mechanism all are three-dB couplers, and their p1 port and p2 port and p3 port and p4 port lead directly to, and p1 port and p3 port and p2 port and p4 port are cross-linked.
Half that have only Sagnac interference optical fiber ring be as sensor fibre, and its length is far longer than first and connects optical fiber and is connected length of fiber with second, and first connects optical fiber be connected length of fiber with second equal.
Said data acquisition system (DAS) is real-time, synchronous acquisition to the data of first photodetector and second photodetector.
A kind of Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system time domain positioning method; Be used for said Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system time domain located in connection, it is characterized in that at first gathering the output signal of Sagnac interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer by data collection system synchronizing; Signal processing system is calculated the cross correlation function of two-way interference signal then; Confirm that the propagation of disturbance is to the used time τ of first coupling mechanism time delay by the maximum of points of simple crosscorrelation curve
lCalculate at last perturbation distance first coupling mechanism apart from l=c τ
l/ n, wherein c is a light velocity of propagation in a vacuum, n is the refractive index of fiber core.
The present invention compared with prior art; Have following conspicuous outstanding feature and remarkable advantage: the present invention adopts Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system structure and time domain correlation method that disturbance is detected and locatees; Unrestricted to disturbance spectrum width; Orientation distance is long, and bearing accuracy is high, and only light source need be provided at one end.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system structural drawing.
Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b) are respectively the actual measurement output and corresponding simple crosscorrelation curve of the Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system that disturbance causes.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention, accompanying drawings is following:
Embodiment one: referring to Fig. 1.This Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system comprises a light source 1, signal processing system 12, a Sagnac interferometer and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and said Sagnac interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer form nested structures through one second coupling mechanism 3; Said nested structure is: the p2 port by one first coupling mechanism 2 links to each other with the p2 port of said second coupling mechanism 3 through a sensor fibre 5; The p1 port of said second coupling mechanism 3 links to each other with the p3 port of said first coupling mechanism (2) through a non-sensor fibre 6, constitutes said Sagnac interferometer; The p2 port of said first coupling mechanism 2 connects optical fiber 7 and links to each other with the p2 port of the 3rd coupling mechanism 4 through p2 port, the P4 port, first of sensor fibre 5, said second coupling mechanism 3; Constitute the interference arm of said Mach-Zehnder interferometer; The p3 port of said first coupling mechanism 2 connects optical fiber 8 and links to each other with the p3 port of the 3rd coupling mechanism 4 through p1 port, the P3 port, second of non-sensor fibre 6, said second coupling mechanism 3, constitutes the reference arm of said Mach-Zehnder interferometer; Said light source 1 is imported said Sagnac interferometer via the p1 port of said first coupling mechanism 2; The output of said Sagnac interferometer is introduced into one first photodetector 9 via the p4 port of said first coupling mechanism 2, through a data acquisition system 11, gets into said signal processing system 12 at last; The output of said Mach-Zehnder interferometer is introduced into one second photodetector 10 via the p1 port of said the 3rd coupling mechanism 4, also through said data acquisition system (DAS) 11, and last entering signal disposal system 12.
Embodiment two: present embodiment and embodiment one are basic identical; Special feature is following: said first coupling mechanism 2, second coupling mechanism 3 and the 3rd coupling mechanism 4 all are three-dB couplers; And their p1 port and p2 port and p3 port and p4 port lead directly to, and p1 port and p3 port and p2 port and p4 port are cross-linked.
Half that have only Sagnac interference optical fiber ring is as sensor fibre 5, and its length is far longer than first and connects optical fiber 7 is connected optical fiber 8 with second length, and the first connection optical fiber 7 is connected the equal in length of optical fiber 8 with second.
The data of 11 pairs first photodetectors 9 of said data acquisition system (DAS) and second photodetector 10 are real-time, synchronous acquisition.
Embodiment three: this Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system time domain positioning method; Be used for said system time domain located in connection, operation steps is: at first by the output signal of data acquisition system (DAS) 11 synchronous acquisition Sagnac interferometers and Mach-Zehnder interferometer; Signal processing system 12 is calculated the cross correlation function of two-way interference signal then; By confirming that the propagation of disturbance is to the used time τ of first coupling mechanism 2 time delay of the maximum of points of simple crosscorrelation curve
lCalculate at last perturbation distance first coupling mechanism 2 apart from l=c τ
l/ n, wherein c is a light velocity of propagation in a vacuum, n is the refractive index of fiber core.
Embodiment four: referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 2.This Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system is: it is the adjustable wavelength laser of LM980200 that light source 1 is selected French ILXLIGHTWAVE company model for use; Three coupling mechanisms 2,3,4 are the 2x2 coupling mechanism that Shanghai writing brush space Fibre Optical Communication Technology company limited produces, and splitting ratio is 50: 50.All optical fiber all adopt G.652 standard single-mode fiber.The length of sensor fibre 5 and non-sensor fibre 6 is 162.5m, and two length that connect optical fiber 7,8 are 1.5m.Two photoelectricity sounders 9,10 are the PIN-TIA detector that Shenzhen Photon company produces.Data acquisition system (DAS) 11 adopts the oscillograph PicoScope 5203 of Britain PICO company.Signal processing system 12 adopts the logical microcomputer of a Daepori, with the simple crosscorrelation of two interference signals of Matlab software programming calculating, confirms that the propagation of disturbance is to the used time τ of first coupling mechanism 2
lWith perturbation distance first coupling mechanism 2 apart from l.
Utilize frequency to be 20kHz, amplitude is that the sinusoidal signal of 1v drives disturbance of homemade PZT fibre optic phase modulator simulation.Distance first coupling mechanism 2 is the position adding PZT modulator of 151.75m on sensor fibre 5, and the interference output of generation is as shown in Figure 2 with corresponding simple crosscorrelation curve.Can find out that from Fig. 2 two interference signal waveforms are identical, just postpone to some extent on the time.Be 0.76 microsecond the time delay of the maximum of points of simple crosscorrelation curve, i.e. the propagation of disturbance is to the used time τ of first coupling mechanism 2
l=0.76 microsecond; Confirm in view of the above perturbation distance first coupling mechanism 2 apart from l=c τ
l/ n=154.05 rice is got c=3x10 here
8Meter per second, n=1.48, absolute error is 2.3 meters, relative error is 1.5%.
Claims (4)
1. Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system; Comprise a light source (1), a signal processing system (12), a Sagnac interferometer and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is characterized in that said Sagnac interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer form nested structure through one second coupling mechanism (3); Said nested structure is: the p2 port by one first coupling mechanism (2) links to each other with the p2 port of said second coupling mechanism (3) through a sensor fibre (5); The p1 port of said second coupling mechanism (3) links to each other with the p3 port of said first coupling mechanism (2) through a non-sensor fibre (6), constitutes said Sagnac interferometer; The p2 port of said first coupling mechanism (2) links to each other with the p2 port of the 3rd coupling mechanism (4) through p2 port, the P4 port of said second coupling mechanism (3), the first connection optical fiber (7) of said sensor fibre (5), said second coupling mechanism (3); Constitute the interference arm of said Mach-Zehnder interferometer; The p3 port of said first coupling mechanism (2) links to each other with the p3 port of the 3rd coupling mechanism (4) through p1 port, the P3 port of said second coupling mechanism (3), the second connection optical fiber (8) of said non-sensor fibre (6), said second coupling mechanism (3), constitutes the reference arm of said Mach-Zehnder interferometer; Said light source (1) is imported said Sagnac interferometer via the p1 port of said first coupling mechanism (2); The output of said Sagnac interferometer is introduced into one first photodetector (9) via the p4 port of said first coupling mechanism (2), through a data acquisition system (11), gets into said signal processing system (12) at last; The output of said Mach-Zehnder interferometer is introduced into one second photodetector (10) via the p1 port of said the 3rd coupling mechanism (4), also through said data acquisition system (DAS) (11), and last entering signal disposal system (12); Said first coupling mechanism (2), second coupling mechanism (3) and the 3rd coupling mechanism (4) all are three-dB couplers, and their p1 port and p2 port and p3 port and p4 port lead directly to, and p1 port and p3 port and p2 port and p4 port are cross-linked.
2. Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system according to claim 1; Half that it is characterized in that having only Sagnac interference optical fiber ring is as sensor fibre (5); Its length is far longer than first and connects optical fiber (7) is connected optical fiber (8) with second length, and first connects optical fiber (7) is connected optical fiber (8) with second equal in length.
3. Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system according to claim 1 is characterized in that said data acquisition system (DAS) (11) is real-time, synchronous acquisition to the data of first photodetector (9) and second photodetector (10).
4. Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer profile fiber sensor-based system time domain positioning method; Be used for the said Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer of claim 1 profile fiber sensor-based system time domain located in connection, it is characterized in that at first output signal by data acquisition system (DAS) (11) synchronous acquisition Sagnac interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer; Signal processing system (12) is calculated the cross correlation function of two-way interference signal then; Confirm that the propagation of disturbance is to the used time τ of first coupling mechanism (2) time delay by the maximum of points of simple crosscorrelation curve
lCalculate at last perturbation distance first coupling mechanism (2) apart from l=c τ
l/ n, wherein c is a light velocity of propagation in a vacuum, n is the refractive index of fiber core.
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| CN102607807B (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2014-09-03 | 浙江大学 | Method for precisely measuring transit time of optical fiber Sagnac interferometer |
| CN106030318B (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2020-11-17 | Abb电网瑞士股份公司 | Fiber optic sensor and method |
| CN104482959B (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2017-04-19 | 华中科技大学 | Optic fiber strain-stress simultaneous measurement device |
| CN104677596B (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2017-11-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of Sagnac annulars light path is embedded in the optics autocorrelation function analyzer of non-equilibrium Mach Zehnder types light path scanner |
| CN104680696B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2017-07-11 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of fiber optic intrusion monitoring system |
| CN107883197A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-06 | 天津市誉航润铭科技发展有限公司 | A kind of line leakage sensor |
| CN108759882B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2021-01-12 | 上海大学 | Semiconductor laser mutual injection type distributed optical fiber sensing system and positioning method |
| CN112729598A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-30 | 北京信息科技大学 | All-fiber Mach-Zehnder interference structure based on side grinding sensing arm structure |
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| US7557930B2 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2009-07-07 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Bessel beam interferometer and measurement method |
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| Jie Li Nian Fang Lutang Wang Zhaoming Huang Manman Lu.Cross-correlation Location Method Used in Sagnac/Mach–Zehnder Interferometer.《2010 International Conference on Circuit and Signal Processing》.2010, * |
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