CN102063777A - All-fiber debris flow monitoring system - Google Patents
All-fiber debris flow monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102063777A CN102063777A CN2011100253410A CN201110025341A CN102063777A CN 102063777 A CN102063777 A CN 102063777A CN 2011100253410 A CN2011100253410 A CN 2011100253410A CN 201110025341 A CN201110025341 A CN 201110025341A CN 102063777 A CN102063777 A CN 102063777A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical fields of photoelectric monitoring and geological monitoring, in particular to an all-fiber debris flow monitoring system. In the invention, front-end sensors consisting of all fibers are arranged in a large-range field area being possible of generating debris flows to acquire external vibration signals including sound in real time; the vibration signals are transmitted to a host of a far-end computer room through fibers and reduced out in real time through interference demodulation; and the vibration signals are analyzed and processed as well as compared and judged with typical frequency spectrums generated by debris flows so as to monitor the conditions of the debris flows in real time and carry out early warning in advance. The system also can be used for monitoring local sudden geological disasters such as landslides, torrential flood, and the like of fiber (optical cable) pavement areas and has the characteristics of wide monitoring range, high sensitivity, good reliability, small investment, high utilization ratio, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photoelectricity monitoring, geology monitoring technical field, be specifically related to a kind of full optical fiber rubble flow monitoring system.
Background technology
China is vast in territory, and the geology geographical environment is very complicated, is the burst geologic hazard of representative with the rubble flow, and it is very extensive to distribute, and is difficult to the monitoring prevention, in case take place, very big to the loss that national lives and properties cause.From the beginning of this year, the burst rubble flow on the many ground in Zhouqu County, Gansu and Sichuan has also disclosed this point.And at present for the geologic hazard in the extensive region, especially most probable causes the dynamic burst disaster of heavy losses, still lacks effective, feasible and economic observation, monitoring and early warning means.
The forecast of rubble flow, the same with the accurate forecast of earthquake, all be a difficult problem in the whole world.Because the Probability Area of rubble flow takes place, it is very wide to distribute.Especially in the unusual complicated western mountainous areas of geology geographical environment, comprise multiple landforms such as raceway groove, punching groove, riverbed, all may after certain rainfall, form rubble flow.Mountain area after shake, because massif veneer of soil lycopod is moving, easier generation rubble flow.And in the many southwests of rainfall, the time of origin of rubble flow also has very big sudden.So, wide Regional Distribution, abominable physical environment and the time of origin that is difficult to accurate estimation become the huge obstruction of lying across before the rubble flow monitoring technique.
Existing rubble flow monitoring technique, mainly be the rubble flow zone of judging in advance occurred frequently, as the gully, by laying equipment such as mud level meter, video camera, water level gauge, rain gage, and rely on the manpower observation, come burst fire-disasters such as rubble flow, mountain torrents are realized reporting to the police.Observe on the spot and in real time and carry out manpower in abominable, remote, the hard and dangerous open-air landform that rubble flow takes place easily, difficult.These equipment, mostly based on electromagnetic principle, the monitoring dotted region.Therefore, in abominable open air, in long term operation stability and reliability, there are hidden danger in electromagnetic equipment and the delivery of energy cable of for this reason laying.And the point-like sensor, to big zone (even after spreading all over the wide shake of geologic hazard hidden danger mountain area) when deploying troops on garrison duty, the gathering and draw the electric cable of establishing in a large number of integrated, the data of the integration of sensor, equipment, not only complexity, expensive, and engineering difficulty and long-term maintenance work also have increase.
Japan in the rubble flow monitoring, has certain leading technical advantage, and takes the lead in finding as geologic hazard country occurred frequently, can prejudge disaster dangerous situations such as rubble flow by the detection of vibration (audio frequency).
For this reason, the present invention proposes, and adopts optical fiber (optical cable), in the typical region that may have rubble flow hidden danger, makes up brand-new wide area monitoring network, and rubble flow is realized real-time, online monitoring and early warning.
Compare with traditional sensor, Fibre Optical Sensor itself is not charged, have anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), electromagnetic-radiation-free, electrical isolation, corrosion-resistant, be easy to characteristics such as remote transmission, highly sensitive, light weight, volume are little, optical fiber can observe the place (abominable dangerously steep field environment) of inconvenience lay observation for a long time personnel.And based on the Fibre Optical Sensor of wide range interference technique exploitation,, covered the frequency range that rubble flow is formed into outburst for the monitoring range of vibration, so the available fiber sensor is used as a kind of means of mud-stone flow disaster monitoring.
This technology is different fully with the conventional technical system that adopts electromagnetic device to carry out point-like observation, and what it adopted is that the optical cable that is suitable for the laying of field extreme environment large tracts of land reticulates structure, has realized the field environment wide area monitoring that electromagnetic method is difficult to reach; This technology is also different with the quasistatic monitoring technique with other optical fiber static state such as fiber grating, optical fiber Time Domain Reflectometry technology, and its monitoring target is the sudden vibration signal that most probable produces heavy losses, threatens but not gradual corrosion, crack etc. are static.Its technology contents comprises brand-new wide range interference technique binding pattern recognition technology, and the integration technology of sensing network and communication network.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of field extreme environment that can be suitable for, real-time, online, accurately monitor the system of rubble flow.
Rubble flow monitoring system provided by the invention, it is laid in the open-air region that may produce rubble flow on a large scale with the front end sensors that full optical fiber constitutes, and gathers the extraneous vibration signal that comprises sound in real time; By optical fiber vibration signal is transferred to the main frame that is positioned at point of presence,, in real time vibration signal is restored through interfering demodulation; And vibration signals collecting is advanced computing machine carry out signal analysis and processing, the frequency spectrum that produces with typical rubble flow is compared and is judged, and realization is to the real-time monitoring of rubble flow situation occurred, and can give warning in advance.
Rubble flow monitoring system provided by the invention is a kind of full optical fiber rubble flow monitoring system, is made up of sensor fibre, light feedback assembly, fiber-optic vibration information extracting device and rubble flow signal processing platform; Described sensor fibre is sensing, transmission common optical fiber, is laid in the issuable region of rubble flow, specifically optical fiber can be wound in round or netted, the voice signal when taking place with the seizure rubble flow; Also optical fiber can be embedded under the face of land with single or web form, catch the vibration signal that produces when rubble flow impacts the face of land.Described smooth feedback assembly is faraday's rotating mirror, is installed in the fiber end face place of an end of sensor fibre.The other end of sensor fibre links to each other with the fiber-optic vibration information extracting device, described fiber-optic vibration information extracting device is a kind of white light interference formula full optical fiber interference device, by laser instrument, full optical fiber interference device and photodetection data handling system are formed, the laser of described laser instrument is through the coupling mechanism beam split of full optical fiber interference device, one the tunnel behind collimation, transfer to the light feedback assembly by sensor fibre, and be reflected and return by optical cable again, after collimation and time-delay reflection, a termination that is coupled device is received, another road is behind time-delay reflection and collimation, transfer to the light feedback assembly by sensor fibre, and be reflected and return by optical cable again, behind collimation, the other end that is coupled device receives, after difference frequency is interfered, produce stable interference fringe, after the detector opto-electronic conversion, obtain the two-way interference signal; Described rubble flow signal processing platform mainly is made up of computer data processing system, and it is connected with the vibration information extraction element by data collecting card, the function that this platform tool has identification rubble flow signal and carries out timely early warning.
Described full optical fiber interference device can be made up of three 2 * 2 fiber couplers, also can be made up of one 2 * 2 fiber coupler and one 3 * 3 fiber coupler.
The used laser instrument of described full optical fiber interference device is that operation wavelength is the super-radiance light emitting diode of 1.31 μ m or 1.55 μ m.
Described smooth feedback assembly can be a faraday rotation mirror, also can plate reflectance coating at the fiber end face of communications optical cable as catoptron.
The advantage that the present invention had is:
1. adopted corrosion-resistant, be suitable for that long distance is laid, the simple optical fiber (optical cable) of constructing, replaced traditional strain testing sheet, vibration-testing apparatus, mud level meter, flowmeter and various electric wire, be fit to open-air physical environment complexity, abominable operating mode.
2. adopted large-area continuous distribution method, replaced legacy equipment point-like, discrete distribution method, more met potential geologic hazard needs and grow distance, the wide area actual requirement of deploying troops on garrison duty on a large scale.
3. adopt the Fibre Optical Sensor that is not vulnerable to electromagnetic interference (EMI) to replace traditional vibration (sound) input device, widened the application of sound typing, measure the field that people's ear can not arrive, thereby be used to vibrate the monitoring of the wideer multiple dynamic geologic hazard of frequency domain.
4. pass through the analysis of vibration signal software of rear end, but the real-time analysis vibration signal, and in conjunction with the data message of geology scientific research department, the eigen vibration signal when the identification rubble flow takes place is to carry out disaster alarm.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system of the present invention pie graph.
Fig. 2 illustrates for system layout of the present invention.
Embodiment
The rubble flow monitoring system constructed according to the inventive method is made of four parts, and first is a sensor fibre, and second portion is the light feedback assembly, is connected in an end of the sensor fibre of being laid; Third part is the fiber-optic vibration information extracting device, connects the other end of the sensor fibre of laying; The 4th part is the rubble flow signal processing platform, by data acquisition card connection vibration information extraction element.
Sensor fibre is to be laid in the contingent zone of rubble flow, gathers the vibration signal that acts on the sensor fibre.Voice signal in the time of optical fiber can being wound in the generation of round seizure rubble flow also can be embedded in optical fiber under the face of land with single or web form, catches the vibration signal that produces when rubble flow impacts the face of land
The function of light feedback assembly is the reflection incident optical signal, adjusts the light path polarization state, and the optic cable vibration information extracting device can be finished twice different extraction constantly of same vibration signal.
The characteristics of light feedback assembly are to realize that not only the light positive that transmits passes through disturbance point twice in the other direction, under the environment of identical outer signals excitation, make phse sensitivity double, and can avoid of the influence of optical fiber (being equivalent to a phase-modulator) the polarization state random variation at disturbance point place effectively interference system; Simultaneously, the simple optical fiber that can realize phase-modulated information extracts.
Light wave by length is
Optical fiber one time the time, the phase delay of generation is:
In the formula
Be the propagation constant of light wave in optical fiber,
, wherein
The effective refractive index of in optical fiber, propagating for light wave,
Be light wave wave number in a vacuum.
When length is
Optical fiber be subjected to outer signals when modulation, the variation that produces phase of light wave as sensing unit (the one section optical fiber that is equivalent to the disturbance point place)
For:
Further arrangement turns to
Outer signals causes that the phase differential of light wave can describe with following formula, mainly comprises two, and first phase differential that the length for optical fiber takes place to cause when changing relatively generally caused by strain effect; Second phase differential that causes for the relative variation of light wave propagation constant mainly caused by electrooptical effect, elasto-optical effect, poisson effect and thermo-optic effect etc.The while phase differential
The phase delay that causes with optical fiber
Proportional.Under the certain situation of extraneous pumping signal, promptly
Necessarily, in order to obtain higher phse sensitivity, obviously can be by increasing sensor fibre length
Method realize that generally realization approach is to increase actual fiber lengths, and the present invention adopts the light wave method that twice is passed through in optical fiber, is not increasing under the optical fiber physical length situation, actual phase postpone be
Effect, adopt our phase differential waited until of the method to be:
As seen under identical outer signals excitation, adopt light wave in sensor fibre, to pass through twice technical scheme, obtain the multiplication effect of phase differential, realized that promptly phse sensitivity doubles.So this type of phase modulating method except being applied to the fiber orientation monitoring system, can also be widely used in Fibre Optical Sensor, fiber optic communication field.
The feedback assembly of realizing said method is by two kinds of selections, and one is for adopting the mode at sensor fibre end face plating reflectance coating, is coupled to again in the optical fiber after making light in the optical fiber arrive end face, and the reflectance coating of this moment can be used as level crossing and handles; It two adopts faraday's rotating mirror at fiber end face, makes when light is reflected the polarization surface rotation
, and then be coupled to and realized double modulation in the sensor fibre.In the fiber optic interferometric system, all can run into the random perturbation problem of polarization state, when serious, can cause interference fringe to disappear.Adopt above-mentioned feedback assembly, the polarization state that takes place in the time of can effectively overcoming external disturbance and act on the sensor fibre changes the interference fringe that causes and disappears.
The function of fiber-optic vibration information extracting device is to extract acting on the various vibration informations of laying on the optical fiber.Any rubble flow all shows the certain vibration signal, " bullet light " effect according to optical fiber, any vibration can cause that all the transmission light path changes in the optical fiber, utilizes optical fiber vibration sensing technology in early stage (patent: full fiber-optic vibration measurement mechanism, the patent No.: ZL03229729.7; Make up the method for optical fiber feedback delay and the full light fiber white light interference system of structure thereof, the patent No.: ZL200410093482.6), can effectively realize detection to the optic fibre environment vibration.
Specifically, the fiber-optic vibration information extracting device is a kind of white light interference formula full optical fiber interference device, mainly is made up of laser instrument, full optical fiber interference device and data handling system.Wherein the full optical fiber interference device can be made up of three 2 * 2 fiber couplers, also can form by one 2 * 2 fiber coupler and one 3 * 3 fiber coupler, after laser is interfered through coupling mechanism beam split, difference frequency, direct measuring vibrations object, produce stable interference fringe, after the detector opto-electronic conversion, obtain the two-way interference signal.
Its principle of work is: the structure light path makes that the light wave that conducts in the optical fiber is different and comes and goes by disturbance point (vibration that causes during illegal invasion) constantly, supposes that at the moment t transmission phase of light wave that single angular frequency disturbing signal causes is changed to
, then:
At moment t+ τ, the transmission phase of light wave that single angular frequency disturbing signal causes is changed to:
Disturbance point is made as L from the distance of light feedback assembly, and the time that the light round-trip transmission is twice is T, then:
In the following formula,
Be the fiber core equivalent refractive index, c is the light velocity in the vacuum.Because the disturbance of monitoring optical fiber makes the phase differential that forms in the interference system
For:
Can obtain time dependent output power at two output ports that install is:
Wherein A, B are and a relevant constant of input optical power size,
,
Be the initial phase of system, can be considered as constant; By every processes such as straight, normalization, can be with phase differential
Be expressed as:
Phase differential
Reacting condition the size of external disturbance signal, therefore as long as will by algorithm
Inverting is come out, and just can finish the abstraction function of vibration signal to external world.This can insert computing machine with data collecting card with the two-way interference signal and realize by software, is the part of functions of rubble flow signal processing platform.
The function of rubble flow signal processing platform is that the two-way interference signal is reduced to the extraneous vibration signal, and vibration signal carried out analyzing and processing, promptly the rubble flow signal is analyzed from many-sides such as time domain, frequency domains, extract the feature of rubble flow signal, the frequency spectrum that produces with typical rubble flow is compared and is judged, realization is to the real-time monitoring of rubble flow situation occurred, and can give warning in advance.This analysis and processing method is existing method.This signal processing is realized by graphical programming software LabVIEW, and network communicating function arranged, the debris flow early-warning information of acquisition was informed to the common people by medium such as SMS, TV, broadcasting in the very first time, further reduce the casualties that disaster causes.
Claims (4)
1. a full optical fiber rubble flow monitoring system is characterized in that being made up of sensor fibre, light feedback assembly, fiber-optic vibration information extracting device and rubble flow signal processing platform; Wherein, described sensor fibre is sensing, transmission common optical fiber, is laid in the issuable region of rubble flow; Described smooth feedback assembly is faraday's rotating mirror, is installed in the fiber end face place of an end of sensor fibre, and perhaps described smooth feedback assembly is a catoptron, and this catoptron plates a reflectance coating by the fiber end face place of an end of sensor fibre and constitutes;
The other end of sensor fibre links to each other with the fiber-optic vibration information extracting device, described fiber-optic vibration information extracting device is a kind of white light interference formula full optical fiber interference device, form by laser instrument, full optical fiber interference device and photodetection data handling system, the laser of described laser instrument is two-way through the coupling mechanism beam split of full optical fiber interference device, wherein: the one tunnel transfers to the light feedback assembly and is reflected by sensor fibre after collimating and returns by sensor fibre, through collimation and time-delay reflection back, be coupled the termination receipts of device; Another road transfers to the light feedback assembly and is reflected by sensor fibre through time-delay reflection and collimation back and returns by sensor fibre, is coupled the other end reception of device behind collimation; Difference frequency produces stable interference fringe after interfering, and after the photodetector opto-electronic conversion, obtains the two-way interference signal;
Described rubble flow signal processing platform mainly is made up of computer data processing system, and it is connected with the vibration information extraction element by data collecting card, the function that this rubble flow signal processing platform has identification rubble flow signal and carries out timely early warning.
2. full optical fiber rubble flow monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described full optical fiber interference device is made up of three 2 * 2 fiber couplers, perhaps is made up of one 2 * 2 fiber coupler and one 3 * 3 fiber coupler.
3. full optical fiber rubble flow monitoring system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the used laser instrument of described full optical fiber interference device is that operation wavelength is the super-radiance light emitting diode of 1.31 μ m or 1.55 μ m.
4. full optical fiber rubble flow monitoring system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described sensor fibre is wound in round or netted, voice signal when taking place with the seizure rubble flow, perhaps described sensor fibre is embedded under the face of land with single or web form, to catch the vibration signal that produces when rubble flow impacts the face of land.
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| CN103177531A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-26 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Monitoring system for debris flow disasters along railway tracks |
| CN105701977A (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2016-06-22 | 漳浦县圆周率工业设计有限公司 | Double-layer tube used for earthquake alarm |
| CN105928603A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-07 | 河南丹江大观苑旅游有限公司 | Scenic spot mountain monitoring system based on fiber sensing |
| CN107093311A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-08-25 | 中山市拓维电子科技有限公司 | Fibre Optical Sensor geological disaster monitoring system |
| CN107289977A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-10-24 | 上海大学 | The Distributed optical fiber sensor system and localization method of semiconductor optical amplifier Active Interferometric |
| CN108711265A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-10-26 | 南京康腾生物科技有限公司 | Mudstone flow monitoring is taken refuge alarm system and method |
| CN111323153A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-06-23 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Debris flow impact signal discrimination method realized by fiber bragg grating sensor and debris flow climbing motion characteristic measurement method |
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| CN103177531A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-26 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Monitoring system for debris flow disasters along railway tracks |
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| CN105928603B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2019-03-19 | 河南丹江大观苑旅游有限公司 | A kind of scenic spot massif monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor |
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| CN107289977B (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2020-10-30 | 上海大学 | Semiconductor optical amplifier active interference distributed optical fiber sensing system and positioning method |
| CN108711265A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-10-26 | 南京康腾生物科技有限公司 | Mudstone flow monitoring is taken refuge alarm system and method |
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| CN111323153A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-06-23 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Debris flow impact signal discrimination method realized by fiber bragg grating sensor and debris flow climbing motion characteristic measurement method |
| CN111323153B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2022-07-05 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Debris flow impact signal discrimination method realized by fiber bragg grating sensor and debris flow climbing motion characteristic measurement method |
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Application publication date: 20110518 |