CN1995934A - Distribution type fiber-optic vibration sensor - Google Patents

Distribution type fiber-optic vibration sensor Download PDF

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CN1995934A
CN1995934A CN 200610156341 CN200610156341A CN1995934A CN 1995934 A CN1995934 A CN 1995934A CN 200610156341 CN200610156341 CN 200610156341 CN 200610156341 A CN200610156341 A CN 200610156341A CN 1995934 A CN1995934 A CN 1995934A
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wavelength division
division multiplexer
coupling mechanism
welding
depolarizer
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CN100437050C (en
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张春熹
蓝天
李彦
李立京
徐宏杰
罗光明
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Beihang University
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Abstract

An allocation optical fiber sensor comprises signal treatment circuit, sensor optical cable, supernarrow wide laser, two detectors, three offsets, four couplers, four wave-length division multiplex, superradiation LED, polarizer and phase adapter, Sagna conoscope and Mach conoscope shares No1 sensitive optical fiber LB with the third wavelength division multiplex through the first wavelength division multiplex, the second wavelength division multiplex shared with the fourth wavelength division multiplex the second sensitive optical fiber to form the hybrid conoscope. It uses the said hybrid conoscope to make vibration sensing, using magnitude comparison to make vibration positioning. Using offset technology; it stabilizes the interference output and improves the inspection precision of the output information.

Description

Distributed optical fiber vibration sensor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vibration transducer, in particular, be meant a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensor that can position the oscillation point.
Background technology
It is dissimilar that vibration transducer generally can be divided into electrodynamic type, condenser type, resistance-type, electric vortex type, piezoelectric type, optical fiber type and Mageneto-sensitive type etc.The variation (particularly change in electrical characteristics) of vibration transducer by mechanical vibration being converted into the sensitive element characteristic adopts the electrical signal detection method to detect, and realizes the measurement to mechanical vibration.
See also " engineering vibration measurement instrument and measuring technology " chapter 9, the disclosed content of first segment, the optical fiber type vibration transducer is a kind of mechanical vibration sensor that adopts optical fiber as sensing unit.Its basic comprising has test section, signal hop and the Return Reception Dept. branch of transmission, send the test section and be the light signal that the Parameters Transformation one-tenth that directly utilizes optical fiber to detect to obtain is convenient to transmit, the signal hop is to carry out signal transmission by optical fiber, the Return Reception Dept. branch be to the signal from optical fiber detect, shaping, processing etc.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensor, this sensor adopts Sagnac/Mach-Ze De (Mach-Zehnder) mixed interference instrument light path to carry out vibrating sensing, and the location is vibrated in the contrast of employing amplitude.Adopt depolarized technology, in light source exit end and fiber optic loop, add Luo Aite (Lyot) depolarizer, stablized the interference output in the Sagnac interferometer light path, improved the accuracy of detection of sensor output information.
The present invention is a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensor, by signal processing circuit, Transmission Fibers L A, the first sensitive optical fibre L B, the second sensitive optical fibre L C, super-narrow line width laser instrument, two detectors, three depolarizers, four coupling mechanisms, four wavelength division multiplexers, super-radiance light emitting diode, the polarizer and phase-modulators form; Wherein, the super-narrow line width laser instrument is by Transmission Fibers L AWith the 4th coupling mechanism welding, phase-modulator is by the first sensitive optical fibre L BWith the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer welding, second wavelength division multiplexer is by the second sensitive optical fibre L CWith the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer welding.Wherein, the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer, the 4th wavelength division multiplexer and the 4th coupling mechanism constitute a wavelength-division multiplex unit.Super-narrow line width laser instrument, second detector, Transmission Fibers L A, the first sensitive optical fibre L B, the second sensitive optical fibre L C, phase-modulator, first coupling mechanism, first wavelength division multiplexer, second wavelength division multiplexer, the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer, the 4th wavelength division multiplexer and the 4th coupling mechanism constitute Mach-Zehnder interferometer.Super-radiance light emitting diode, the first sensitive optical fibre L B, the second sensitive optical fibre L C, first detector, first depolarizer, the polarizer, second depolarizer, the 3rd depolarizer, phase-modulator, second coupling mechanism, the 3rd coupling mechanism, first wavelength division multiplexer, second wavelength division multiplexer, the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer and the 4th wavelength division multiplexer constitute Sagnac interferometer.
Described distributed optical fiber vibration sensor, the phase difference of its Sagnac interferometer S(t) be directly proportional with orientation distance z.
Described distributed optical fiber vibration sensor, the phase difference of its Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZ(t) equal the phase modulation φ (t) that mechanical vibration produce.
The advantage of distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of the present invention is: (1) can carry out sensing to the vibration that the interior multiple spot of long distance (0.5～50 kilometer) takes place; (2) can position the oscillation point, bearing accuracy is 50～100 meters; (3) sensing element of Cai Yonging is passive optical fiber cable, has reduced the power consumption of vibration transducer effectively; (4) in super-radiance light emitting diode 3 output terminal weldings first depolarizer 5, the output of having stablized light source; (5) adopt the Sagnac interferometer of depolarized structure to improve measuring accuracy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the positioning principle sketch of distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the depolarized structural drawing of light source of the Sagnac interferometer light path part that constitutes of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1. super-narrow line width laser instrument 2. second detectors
3. super-radiance light emitting diode 4. first detectors 5. first depolarizers 6. polarizers
7. second depolarizer 8. the 3rd depolarizer, 9. phase-modulators, 11. first coupling mechanisms, 12. second coupling mechanisms
13. the 3rd coupling mechanism 14. first wavelength division multiplexers 15. second wavelength division multiplexers
16. the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 17. the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 18. the 4th coupling mechanism
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
See also shown in Figure 1ly, the present invention is a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensor, by signal processing circuit, sensing optic cable (Transmission Fibers L A, the first sensitive optical fibre L B, the second sensitive optical fibre L C), super-narrow line width laser instrument 1, two detector (first detectors 4, second detector 2), three depolarizer (first depolarizers 5, second depolarizer 7, the 3rd depolarizer 8), four coupling mechanism (first coupling mechanisms 11, second coupling mechanism 12, the 3rd coupling mechanism 13, the 4th coupling mechanism 18), four wavelength division multiplexer (first wavelength division multiplexers 14, second wavelength division multiplexer 15, the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 16, the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 17), super-radiance light emitting diode 3, the polarizer 6 and phase-modulator 9 are formed.
The A end of super-narrow line width laser instrument 1 and the 4th coupling mechanism 18 is connected with Transmission Fibers L A(single-mode fiber or polarization maintaining optical fibre), the C end of the 4th coupling mechanism 18 and the 1550nm transmission ends welding of the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 16, the D end of the 4th coupling mechanism 18 and the 1550nm transmission ends welding of the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 17, the 1310nm transmission ends welding of the 1310nm transmission ends of the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 16 and the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 17;
Welding has the first sensitive optical fibre L between the common port of the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 16 and the phase-modulator 9 B(the first sensitive optical fibre L BLength can be 0.5～50 kilometer, the first sensitive optical fibre L BCan choose single-mode fiber or polarization maintaining optical fibre), the common port welding of the phase-modulator 9 and first wavelength division multiplexer 14, the C end welding of the 1550nm transmission ends of first wavelength division multiplexer 14 and first coupling mechanism 11;
Welding has the second sensitive optical fibre L between the common port of the common port of the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 17 and second wavelength division multiplexer 15 C(the second sensitive optical fibre L CLength can be 0.5～50 kilometer, the second sensitive optical fibre L CCan choose single-mode fiber or polarization maintaining optical fibre), the D end welding of the 1550nm transmission ends of second wavelength division multiplexer 15 and first coupling mechanism 11;
The A end and 2 weldings of second detector of first coupling mechanism 11;
The output terminal welding of the 1310nm transmission ends of first wavelength division multiplexer 14 and second depolarizer 7, the C end welding of the input end of second depolarizer 7 and the 3rd coupling mechanism 13, the A end of the 3rd coupling mechanism 13 and the output terminal welding of the polarizer 6, the C end welding of the input end of the polarizer 6 and second coupling mechanism 12, the A end of second coupling mechanism 12 and the output terminal welding of first depolarizer 5, the input end of first depolarizer 5 and super-radiance light emitting diode 3 weldings;
The B end and 4 weldings of first detector of second coupling mechanism 12;
The output terminal welding of the 1310nm transmission ends of second wavelength division multiplexer 15 and the 3rd depolarizer 8, the D end welding of the input end of the 3rd depolarizer 8 and the 3rd coupling mechanism 13;
Signal processing circuit receives by first detector, 4 output intensity voltage signal I 1With second detector, 2 output intensity voltage signal I 2, and it is carried out output vibration information and oscillation point positional information after the demodulation process, provide phase carrier signal M for phase-modulator 9 then.
In the present invention, first coupling mechanism 11, second coupling mechanism 12, the 3rd coupling mechanism 13 and the 4th coupling mechanism 18 are identity unit, and four links are generally arranged, i.e. A end, B end, C end and D end.When reality is used A end and B end are defined in the same side, C end and D end be at opposite side, and when definition A end or B end during for input end, then the C end is output terminal with the D end, and vice versa.
See also shown in Figure 1ly, in the present invention, the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 16, the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 17 and the 4th coupling mechanism 18 constitute a wavelength-division multiplex unit, are used for realizing the beam split to light path transmission light, participate in constituting the mixed interference instrument of shared sensing light path.Super-narrow line width laser instrument 1, second detector 2, Transmission Fibers L A, the first sensitive optical fibre L B, the second sensitive optical fibre L C, phase-modulator 9, first coupling mechanism 11, first wavelength division multiplexer 14, second wavelength division multiplexer 15, the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 16, the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 17 and the 4th coupling mechanism 18 constitute Mach-Zehnder interferometers.Super-radiance light emitting diode 3, the first sensitive optical fibre L B, the second sensitive optical fibre L C, first detector 4, first depolarizer 5, the polarizer 6, second depolarizer 7, the 3rd depolarizer 8, phase-modulator 9, second coupling mechanism 12, the 3rd coupling mechanism 13, first wavelength division multiplexer 14, second wavelength division multiplexer 15, the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 16 and the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 17 constitute Sagnac interferometers.
See also shown in Figure 1, in the present invention, first detector 4, second detector 2, first depolarizer 5, second depolarizer 7, the 3rd depolarizer 8, first coupling mechanism 11, second coupling mechanism 12, the 3rd coupling mechanism 13, first wavelength division multiplexer 14, second wavelength division multiplexer 15, super-radiance light emitting diode 3, the polarizer 6 and phase-modulator 9 constitute monitoring unit, described monitoring unit is used to produce laser and phase carrier, and back light carried out beam split, interference and opto-electronic conversion, realize the vibration information on the sensing optic cable is carried out remote monitoring.
The interference signal I that signal processing circuit of the present invention is exported first detector 4 that receives 1Interference signal I with 2 outputs of second detector 2That carries out is treated to conventional phase carrier modulation-demodulation technique, and the phase carrier signal M of its circuit output offers phase-modulator 9.Output has the positional information of orientation distance Z after the signal processing circuit demodulation, and mechanical oscillation signal φ (t).
To the light path pattern that each device forms be elaborated below:
One, Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of the present invention from super-narrow line width laser instrument 1 emitted laser transmission mode is: send Wavelength of Laser λ from super-narrow line width laser instrument 1 2Through Transmission Fibers L ABe transferred to 3dB the 4th coupling mechanism 18 punishment light, the light of telling enters the first sensitive optical fibre L through the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 16 and the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 17 respectively BWith the first sensitive optical fibre L CIn, enter first wavelength division multiplexer 14 and second wavelength division multiplexer 15, the wherein wavelength X then 2Light enter first coupling mechanism, 11 places and interfere, interfere output to detect by second detector 2.At the first sensitive optical fibre L BOn also comprise the phase-modulator 9 that produces phase carrier modulation wanted carrier signal, constitute Mach-Zehnder interferometer.Wherein, the first sensitive optical fibre L BBe Mach-Zehnder interferometer one arm, the second sensitive optical fibre L CAnother arm for Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Two, Sagnac interferometer
Sagnac interferometer in the distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of the present invention, the transmission mode of sending light from super-radiance light emitting diode 3 is: the wavelength X that super-radiance light emitting diode 3 sends 1Through entering the 12 back beam split of second coupling mechanism behind first depolarizer 5, become linearly polarized light partially through 6 of the polarizers, the polarizer 6 output light are through the 3rd coupling mechanism 13 punishment light, enter second depolarizer 7 and the 3rd depolarizer 8 respectively and carry out once more depolarizedly, the light after depolarized enters the first sensitive optical fibre L respectively by first wavelength division multiplexer 14 and second wavelength division multiplexer 15 BWith the second sensitive optical fibre L C, since the effect of wavelength division multiplexer the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 16 and the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 17, wavelength X 1Wide range light directly return the first sensitive optical fibre L BWith the second sensitive optical fibre L C, be back to first wavelength division multiplexer 14 and second wavelength division multiplexer 15 then and be in the interference of second coupling mechanism, 12 places, carry out opto-electronic conversion by first detector 4, constitute Sagnac interferometer.
Three, shared sensing light path
Sagnac interferometer of Gou Chenging and Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the present invention are by first wavelength division multiplexer 14 and the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer 16 shared first sensitive optical fibre L B, second wavelength division multiplexer 15 and the 4th wavelength division multiplexer 17 shared second sensitive optical fibre L CFormed the mixed interference instrument.
Four, vibration location (referring to shown in Figure 2)
The present invention is a principle of having used amplitude contrast location technology to the location of transducing signal.When mechanical vibration act on sensor fibre, because the shared sensing light path of two interferometers in Sagnac/Mach-Ze De mixed interference instrument light path, it is identical that mechanical vibration put on the phase change that causes on two interferometers, and the interference of Sagnac interferometer output location dependence is carried out the amplitude contrast and just can be positioned vibration.
See also shown in Figure 2, among the figure, some O is the mid point of the Sagnac loop of Sagnac interferometer of the present invention, and some p is the application point of mechanical oscillation signal φ (t), L is half of length of Sagnac loop, and z is the orientation distance of oscillating action point p to Sagnac loop mid point O.When phase change acts on the Sagnac interferometer of the present invention, the phase differential between the light beam that positive and negative two directions are propagated closes and is:
φ S ( t ) = φ ( t - L - z V ) - φ ( t - L + z V ) - - - ( 1 )
In the formula, φ SThe phase differential of two interfering beams when (t) the phase modulation φ (t) of expression mechanical vibration generation acts on the Sagnac interferometer p point of the present invention, V represents that light is at the first sensitive optical fibre L BWith the second sensitive optical fibre L CIn the light velocity.
According to Taylors approximation, formula (1) is resolved and is obtained:
φ s ( t ) = [ φ ( t ) - L - z V · dφ ( t ) dt ] - [ φ ( t ) - L + z V · dφ ( t ) dt ] - - - ( 2 )
In the formula,
Figure A20061015634100092
Represent the differential of the phase modulation φ (t) of mechanical vibration generation to time t,
Formula (2) obtains after simplifying:
φ S ( t ) = 2 z V · dφ ( t ) dt - - - ( 3 )
It is phase difference S(t) be directly proportional with orientation distance z.
Because Sagnac interferometer of the present invention and the shared sensing light path of Mach-Zehnder interferometer, so when same mechanical oscillation signal φ (t) acts on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the phase difference when interfering between two light beams MZ(t) equal mechanical oscillation signal φ (t), i.e. phase difference on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZ(t) differential to time t is
Figure A20061015634100094
Phase difference with Sagnac interferometer S(t) divided by the time t differential of Mach-Zehnder interferometer Can obtain the positional information of orientation distance z.Through experiment test (the first sensitive optical fibre L BWith the second sensitive optical fibre L CLength be respectively 35 kilometers, when the oscillation point is arranged) bearing accuracy of orientation distance z is 50～100 meters.
Five, the depolarized processing of the light path of Sagnac interferometer (referring to shown in Figure 3)
The light source of Sagnac interferometer part is a super-radiance light emitting diode (SLD) 3 among the present invention, and adds one first depolarizer (Lyot) 5 in SLD light source 3 back, by SLD light source 3 output light are carried out the depolarized output of stablizing.After light that SLD sends is through first depolarizer 5, output light will produce a polarization state at random, and promptly light wave is equally distributed on all polarization states.Among the present invention, when the partial poolarized light of super-radiance light emitting diode (SLD) 3 output behind first depolarizer 5, two polarization eigen states lose statistic correlation fully, make the light wave that enters sensor become complete nonpolarized light.
Optical fibre vibration sensor of the present invention is to adopt the mechanical vibration sensor of optical fiber as sensing unit.Compare with conventional vibration sensor, optical fibre vibration sensor not only has advantages such as highly sensitive, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), and it is long also to have a life-span, advantage such as low in energy consumption.Particularly distributed fiberoptic sensor also possesses the ability that mechanical vibration are positioned, and this is the outstanding advantage that ordinary optic fibre vibration transducer and conventional vibration sensor do not have.
Optical fibre vibration sensor of the present invention can to long distance interior, distributed mechanical vibration are measured and locate, and are applicable to pipe laying, communications optical cable, airport, the safety precaution of occasions such as government building.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensor, comprise signal processing circuit, sensing optic cable is characterized in that: also comprise super-narrow line width laser instrument (1), second detector (2), super-radiance light emitting diode (3), first detector (4), first depolarizer (5), the polarizer (6), second depolarizer (7), the 3rd depolarizer (8), phase-modulator (9), first coupling mechanism (11), second coupling mechanism (12), the 3rd coupling mechanism (13), the 4th coupling mechanism (18), first wavelength division multiplexer (14), second wavelength division multiplexer (15), the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer (16) and the 4th wavelength division multiplexer (17);
Super-narrow line width laser instrument (1) is connected with Transmission Fibers L with the A end of the 4th coupling mechanism (18) AThe C end of the 4th coupling mechanism (18) and the 1550nm transmission ends welding of the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer (16), the D end of the 4th coupling mechanism (18) and the 1550nm transmission ends welding of the 4th wavelength division multiplexer (17), the 1310nm transmission ends welding of the 1310nm transmission ends of the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer (16) and the 4th wavelength division multiplexer (17);
Welding has the first sensitive optical fibre L between the common port of the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer (16) and the phase-modulator (9) B, the common port welding of phase-modulator (9) and first wavelength division multiplexer (14), the C end welding of the 1550nm transmission ends of first wavelength division multiplexer (14) and first coupling mechanism (11);
Welding has the second sensitive optical fibre L between the common port of the common port of the 4th wavelength division multiplexer (17) and second wavelength division multiplexer (15) C, the D end welding of the 1550nm transmission ends of second wavelength division multiplexer (15) and first coupling mechanism (11);
The A end and second detector (2) welding of first coupling mechanism (11);
The output terminal welding of the 1310nm transmission ends of first wavelength division multiplexer (14) and second depolarizer (7), the C end welding of the input end of second depolarizer (7) and the 3rd coupling mechanism (13), the A end of the 3rd coupling mechanism (13) and the output terminal welding of the polarizer (6), the C end welding of the input end of the polarizer (6) and second coupling mechanism (12), the A end of second coupling mechanism (12) and the output terminal welding of first depolarizer (5), the input end of first depolarizer (5) and super-radiance light emitting diode (3) welding;
The B end and first detector (4) welding of second coupling mechanism (12);
The output terminal welding of the 1310nm transmission ends of second wavelength division multiplexer (15) and the 3rd depolarizer (8), the D end welding of the input end of the 3rd depolarizer (8) and the 3rd coupling mechanism (13);
Signal processing circuit receives by first detector (4) output intensity voltage signal I 1With second detector (2) output intensity voltage signal I 2, and it is carried out output vibration information and oscillation point positional information after the demodulation process, provide phase carrier signal M for phase-modulator (9) then.
2, distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: super-radiance light emitting diode
(3), the first sensitive optical fibre L B, the second sensitive optical fibre L C, first detector (4), first depolarizer (5), the polarizer (6), second depolarizer (7), the 3rd depolarizer (8), phase-modulator (9), second coupling mechanism (12), the 3rd coupling mechanism (13), first wavelength division multiplexer (14), second wavelength division multiplexer (15), the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer (16) and the 4th wavelength division multiplexer (17) constitute Sagnac interferometer.
3, distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the phase difference of described Sagnac interferometer S(t) be directly proportional with orientation distance z.
4, distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the super-narrow line width laser instrument
(1), second detector (2), Transmission Fibers L A, the first sensitive optical fibre L B, the second sensitive optical fibre L C, phase-modulator (9), first coupling mechanism (11), first wavelength division multiplexer (14), second wavelength division multiplexer (15), the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer (16), the 4th wavelength division multiplexer (17) and the 4th coupling mechanism (18) constitute Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
5, distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the phase difference of described Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZ(t) equal the phase modulation φ (t) that mechanical vibration produce.
6, distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the 3rd wavelength division multiplexer (16), the 4th wavelength division multiplexer (17) and the 4th coupling mechanism (18) constitute a wavelength-division multiplex unit.
7, distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described sensing optic cable has Transmission Fibers L at least A, the first sensitive optical fibre L BWith the second sensitive optical fibre L C, Transmission Fibers L A, the first sensitive optical fibre L BWith the second sensitive optical fibre L CBe single-mode fiber or polarization maintaining optical fibre.
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CN112066972A (en) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-11 北京大学 Single-light-source dual-polarization optical fiber gyroscope

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