CN110940364B - A distributed two-arm sensing system based on Michelson interferometer - Google Patents

A distributed two-arm sensing system based on Michelson interferometer Download PDF

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CN110940364B
CN110940364B CN201911169094.4A CN201911169094A CN110940364B CN 110940364 B CN110940364 B CN 110940364B CN 201911169094 A CN201911169094 A CN 201911169094A CN 110940364 B CN110940364 B CN 110940364B
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贾波
宋秋衡
吴红艳
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    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35325—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in reflection, e.g. Mickelson interferometer

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Abstract

本发明属于光纤传感技术领域，具体为一种基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的分布式两臂传感系统。本发明系统以迈克尔逊干涉仪两臂作为传感臂，两传感臂通过信号分析算法分辨开来；系统由窄带激光器、光隔离器、两个探测器、3×3光纤耦合器、两个传感光缆、两个法拉第旋转镜经光路连接组成；窄带激光器发射出相干光波进入3×3光纤耦合器，被分成三束相等功率的光，其中一束光通过打结的光纤时被耦合出纤芯；另外两束光作为探测光波分别进入两个传感臂；两束探测光波被两个法拉第旋转镜反射回来后再次进入3×3耦合器并产生干涉；外界环境对光缆的作用记录在两束探测光波的相位中；利用带有采集卡的计算机，采集光电信号并解调出相位差信息，即可判断出扰动强度和位置。

Figure 201911169094

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a distributed two-arm sensing system based on a Michelson interferometer. The system of the invention uses the two arms of the Michelson interferometer as the sensing arms, and the two sensing arms are distinguished by a signal analysis algorithm; the system consists of a narrowband laser, an optical isolator, two detectors, a 3×3 fiber coupler, two The sensing optical cable and two Faraday rotating mirrors are connected by the optical path; the narrow-band laser emits coherent light waves into the 3×3 fiber coupler, and is divided into three beams of equal power light, one of which is coupled out when it passes through the knotted fiber The fiber core; the other two beams of light enter the two sensing arms as probe light waves respectively; the two beams of probe light waves are reflected by the two Faraday rotating mirrors and then enter the 3×3 coupler again and interfere; the effect of the external environment on the optical cable is recorded in The phase of the two beams of detection light waves is in the phase; using a computer with an acquisition card to collect the photoelectric signal and demodulate the phase difference information, the disturbance intensity and position can be judged.

Figure 201911169094

Description

一种基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的分布式两臂传感系统A distributed two-arm sensing system based on Michelson interferometer

技术领域technical field

本发明属于光纤传感技术领域，具体涉及基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的分布式两臂传感系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a distributed two-arm sensing system based on a Michelson interferometer.

背景技术Background technique

分布式光纤传感器常被应用于周界安防，油管泄漏监测，电力电缆破坏监测，桥梁安全监测等领域。光纤集传感与传输于一体，可以在整个光纤长度上进行连续振动或温度测量，同时获得被测量的具体位置。基于迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪的分布式光纤传感系统具有监测距离长，灵敏度高，应用范围广，结构简单等优点。然而目前的方案均是将迈克尔逊两臂中一臂作为传感臂，而另一臂作为参考臂。并且参考臂需要放置在一个安静无振动的环境中。这无疑增加了系统的实施难度，降低系统的可靠性。Distributed optical fiber sensors are often used in perimeter security, oil pipeline leakage monitoring, power cable damage monitoring, bridge safety monitoring and other fields. The optical fiber integrates sensing and transmission, enabling continuous vibration or temperature measurements over the entire length of the fiber, while obtaining the exact location being measured. The distributed optical fiber sensing system based on the Michelson fiber interferometer has the advantages of long monitoring distance, high sensitivity, wide application range and simple structure. However, the current solutions all use one of Michelson's two arms as the sensing arm and the other as the reference arm. And the reference arm needs to be placed in a quiet and vibration-free environment. This undoubtedly increases the implementation difficulty of the system and reduces the reliability of the system.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是提供一种基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的分布式两臂传感系统，以提升单套传感系统的稳定性以及工作距离。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a distributed two-arm sensing system based on a Michelson interferometer, so as to improve the stability and working distance of a single set of sensing systems.

本发明提供的基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的分布式两臂传感系统，以迈克尔逊干涉仪两臂作为传感臂，两传感臂可以通过信号分析算法分辨开来；该系统由窄带激光器、光隔离器、第一探测器、第二探测器、3×3光纤耦合器、第一传感光缆、第二传感光缆、第一法拉第旋转镜和第二法拉第旋转镜，经光路连接组成；所述窄带激光器发射出相干光波，进入3×3光纤耦合器，被分成三束相等功率的光，其中一束光通过打结的光纤时被耦合出纤芯；另外两束光作为探测光波分别进入第一传感臂和第二传感臂2；第一探测光波和第二探测光波被第一法拉第旋转镜和第二法拉第旋转镜反射回来后再次进入3×3耦合器并产生干涉；外界环境对光缆的作用被记录在第一探测光波和第二探测光波的相位中；相位信息通过第一光探测器和第二光探测器的电压强度呈现出来；利用带有采集卡的计算机，采集光电信号并解调出相位差信息，即可判断出扰动强度和位置。The distributed two-arm sensing system based on the Michelson interferometer provided by the present invention uses the two arms of the Michelson interferometer as the sensing arms, and the two sensing arms can be distinguished by a signal analysis algorithm; The isolator, the first detector, the second detector, the 3×3 optical fiber coupler, the first sensing optical cable, the second sensing optical cable, the first Faraday rotating mirror and the second Faraday rotating mirror are connected by optical paths; The narrow-band laser emits coherent light waves, which enter a 3×3 fiber coupler and are divided into three beams of equal power. One beam of light is coupled out of the fiber core when it passes through the knotted fiber; the other two beams of light enter as probe light waves respectively. The first sensing arm and the second sensing arm 2; the first detection light wave and the second detection light wave are reflected by the first Faraday rotating mirror and the second Faraday rotating mirror and then enter the 3×3 coupler again and interfere; the external environment The effect on the optical cable is recorded in the phase of the first detection light wave and the second detection light wave; the phase information is presented by the voltage intensity of the first photodetector and the second photodetector; the computer with the acquisition card is used to collect the photoelectricity. Signal and demodulate the phase difference information to determine the disturbance intensity and location.

所述的迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统，使用光隔离器防止传感臂的后向散射光和反射回的信号光进入激光器，影响其工作状态。传感臂上均采用法拉第旋转镜，以实现系统保持偏振稳定状态。The distributed two-arm sensing system of the Michelson fiber interferometer uses an optical isolator to prevent the backscattered light of the sensing arm and the reflected signal light from entering the laser, thereby affecting its working state. Faraday rotating mirrors are used on the sensing arm to keep the polarization stable state of the system.

所述的迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统，迈克尔逊两臂均作为传感臂，沿着需要监测的路径铺展开。In the distributed two-arm sensing system of the Michelson fiber interferometer, both Michelson arms are used as sensing arms, and are spread out along the path to be monitored.

所述的迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统，通过对扰动产生的相位差信号解调，分析相位差起始振幅的方向，辨别出振动所在传感臂，且计算出扰动位置和强度。The Michelson fiber optic interferometer distributed two-arm sensing system, by demodulating the phase difference signal generated by the disturbance, analyzes the direction of the initial amplitude of the phase difference, identifies the sensing arm where the vibration is located, and calculates the disturbance position and strength.

前述的迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统，通过对扰动产生的相位差信号解调，分析相位差起始振幅的方向，辨别出振动所在传感臂，且计算出扰动位置和强度。The aforementioned Michelson fiber interferometer distributed two-arm sensing system, by demodulating the phase difference signal generated by the disturbance, analyzes the direction of the initial amplitude of the phase difference, identifies the sensing arm where the vibration is located, and calculates the disturbance position and intensity .

所述的迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统，参考臂1和参考臂2之间的相位差表达式表示如下：In the described Michelson fiber interferometer distributed two-arm sensing system, the expression of the phase difference between the reference arm 1 and the reference arm 2 is expressed as follows:

Figure 506369DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
Figure 506369DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
.

其中，φ 1(t)和φ 1(t)分别代表第一传感臂和第二传感臂上的相位信息。由于外界温度和大气压强对光纤的影响是缓慢变化且很微弱，这里假设两传感臂环境条件是一致的，即无扰动时两臂相位差为零。假设在传感臂上的任何一点受到扰动，光弹性效应引起的信号光的相位变化可以描述为不同频率和幅度余弦波的叠加，表达式如下：Among them, φ 1 ( t ) and φ 1 ( t ) represent the phase information on the first sensing arm and the second sensing arm, respectively. Since the influence of external temperature and atmospheric pressure on the optical fiber is slowly changing and very weak, it is assumed that the environmental conditions of the two sensing arms are the same, that is, the phase difference between the two arms is zero when there is no disturbance. Assuming that any point on the sensing arm is disturbed, the phase change of the signal light caused by the photoelastic effect can be described as the superposition of cosine waves of different frequencies and amplitudes, and the expression is as follows:

Figure 795006DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure 795006DEST_PATH_IMAGE002

其中，Ψ i ，ω i 和φ i 分别代表信号的幅值，角频率和相位。where Ψ i , ω i and φ i represent the amplitude, angular frequency and phase of the signal, respectively.

当外界扰动作用在第一传感臂1时，根据两臂相位：When the external disturbance acts on the first sensing arm 1, according to the phase of the two arms:

Figure 31559DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 31559DEST_PATH_IMAGE003

可得到：available:

Figure 63843DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
。
Figure 63843DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
.

当外界扰动作用在第二传感臂2时，根据两臂相位：When the external disturbance acts on the second sensing arm 2, according to the phase of the two arms:

Figure 131769DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Figure 131769DEST_PATH_IMAGE005

可得到：available:

Figure 607619DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
。
Figure 607619DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
.

可以看出当外界扰动作用在不同传感臂上，获得的相位差是不同的。根据干涉公式：It can be seen that when the external disturbance acts on different sensing arms, the obtained phase difference is different. According to the interference formula:

Figure 650178DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
。
Figure 650178DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
.

其中，I 0表示输出光强度，φ 0(t)表示外界环境带来的两传感臂随机相位，φ 0表示3×3耦合器引入的固定相位。调出的∆φ(t)后，判断相位差振幅起始方向，即可辨别出扰动所作用的传感臂。Among them, I 0 represents the output light intensity, φ 0 ( t ) represents the random phase of the two sensing arms brought by the external environment, and φ 0 represents the fixed phase introduced by the 3×3 coupler. After recalling the Δ φ ( t ), the starting direction of the phase difference amplitude can be judged, and the sensing arm affected by the disturbance can be identified.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1 为本发明迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统图示。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distributed two-arm sensing system of the Michelson fiber interferometer of the present invention.

图2 为采用本发明迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统，探测到第一传感臂1振动的原始干涉信号。FIG. 2 shows the original interference signal of the vibration of the first sensing arm 1 detected by using the distributed two-arm sensing system of the Michelson fiber interferometer of the present invention.

图3 为采用本发明迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统，探测到第一传感臂1振动产生的相位差信号。FIG. 3 shows the phase difference signal generated by the vibration of the first sensing arm 1 detected by using the distributed two-arm sensing system of the Michelson fiber interferometer of the present invention.

图4 为采用本发明迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统，探测到第二传感臂2振动的原始干涉信号。FIG. 4 shows the original interference signal of the vibration of the second sensing arm 2 detected by using the distributed two-arm sensing system of the Michelson fiber interferometer of the present invention.

图5 为采用本发明迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统，探测到第二传感臂2振动产生的相位差信号。FIG. 5 shows the phase difference signal generated by the vibration of the second sensing arm 2 detected by using the distributed two-arm sensing system of the Michelson fiber interferometer of the present invention.

图6 为本发明迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统，辨别振动位于第一传感臂1或者第二传感臂2的算法流程图。FIG. 6 is an algorithm flow chart of the distributed two-arm sensing system of the Michelson fiber optic interferometer according to the present invention, for identifying whether the vibration is located in the first sensing arm 1 or the second sensing arm 2 .

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

本发明迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪分布式两臂传感系统如图1所示，窄带激光器采用分布式反馈激光器(DFB)发射出相干光波，被3×3光纤耦合器分成三束相等功率的光，其中一束光通过打结的光纤时被耦合出纤芯。另外两束光作为探测光波分别进入传感臂1和传感臂2。探测光波1和探测光波2被法拉第旋转镜反射回来后再次进入3×3耦合器并产生干涉。外界环境对光缆的作用将会被记录在探测光波1和探测光波2的相位中。相位信息通过光探测器1和光探测器2的电压强度呈现出来。利用带有采样率为500kS/s采集卡的计算机，采集光电信号并解调出相位差信息，即可判断出扰动强度和位置。原始干涉信号如图2和图4的所示。The distributed two-arm sensing system of the Michelson fiber interferometer of the present invention is shown in Figure 1. The narrowband laser uses a distributed feedback laser (DFB) to emit coherent light waves, which are divided into three beams of equal power by a 3×3 fiber coupler. One of the beams is coupled out of the core as it passes through the knotted fiber. The other two beams of light enter sensing arm 1 and sensing arm 2 respectively as probe light waves. The probe light wave 1 and the probe light wave 2 are reflected by the Faraday rotating mirror and then enter the 3×3 coupler again and interfere. The effect of the external environment on the optical cable will be recorded in the phase of the probe light wave 1 and the probe light wave 2. The phase information is presented by the voltage intensity of the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2. Using a computer with a sampling rate of 500kS/s acquisition card to collect photoelectric signals and demodulate the phase difference information, the disturbance intensity and position can be determined. The original interference signal is shown in Figures 2 and 4.

第一传感臂1和第二传感臂2之间的相位差表达式可以表示如下：The phase difference expression between the first sensing arm 1 and the second sensing arm 2 can be expressed as follows:

Figure 345208DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Figure 345208DEST_PATH_IMAGE008

其中，φ 1(t)和φ 1(t)分别代表传感臂1和传感臂2上的相位信息。解调出的相位差信号∆φ(t)如图3和图5的所示。其中图3与图5得相位差起始振幅是相反的。因此，可以通过软件编程自动识别后立刻辨别出扰动所在臂。辨别振动臂的算法流程如图6所示。Among them, φ 1 ( t ) and φ 1 ( t ) represent the phase information on sensing arm 1 and sensing arm 2, respectively. The demodulated phase difference signal Δ φ ( t ) is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5. The initial amplitude of the phase difference obtained in Figure 3 and Figure 5 is opposite. Therefore, the arm where the disturbance is located can be identified immediately after automatic identification through software programming. The algorithm flow for identifying the vibrating arm is shown in Figure 6.

Claims (3)

1. A distributed two-arm sensing system based on a Michelson interferometer is characterized in that the two arms of the Michelson interferometer are used as sensing arms, and the two sensing arms are distinguished through a signal analysis algorithm; the system is formed by connecting a narrow-band laser, an optical isolator, a first detector, a second detector, a 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler, a first sensing optical cable, a second sensing optical cable, a first Faraday rotator mirror and a second Faraday rotator mirror through an optical path; the narrow-band laser emits coherent light waves, the coherent light waves enter the 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler and are divided into three beams of light with equal power, and one beam of light is coupled out of the fiber core when passing through the knotted optical fiber; the other two beams of light are used as detection light waves and enter the first sensing arm and the second sensing arm 2 respectively; the first detection light wave and the second detection light wave are reflected back by the first Faraday rotator mirror and the second Faraday rotator mirror and then enter the 3 multiplied by 3 coupler again to generate interference; the effect of the external environment on the optical cable is recorded in the phases of the first detection light wave and the second detection light wave; the phase information is presented through the voltage intensity of the first light detector and the second light detector; acquiring photoelectric signals and demodulating phase difference information by using a computer with an acquisition card, so that the disturbance intensity and position can be judged;
demodulating a phase difference signal generated by disturbance, analyzing the direction of the initial amplitude of the phase difference, identifying a sensing arm where vibration is located, and calculating the position and the intensity of the disturbance; the specific algorithm is as follows:
the phase difference expression between the first sensing arm and the second sensing arm is as follows:
Figure FDA0003051655170000011
wherein,
Figure FDA0003051655170000012
and
Figure FDA0003051655170000013
representing phase information on the first and second sensing arms, respectively; the environmental conditions of the two sensing arms are assumed to be consistent, namely the phase difference of the two sensing arms is zero when no disturbance exists; when the phase of the signal light is disturbed at any point on the sensing arm, the phase change of the signal light caused by the photoelastic effect is described as the superposition of cosine waves with different frequencies and amplitudes, and the expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003051655170000014
therein, Ψi，ωiAnd phiiRespectively representing the amplitude, angular frequency and phase of the signal;
when external disturbance is applied to the first sensing arm, according to the two-arm phase:
Figure FDA0003051655170000015
obtaining:
Figure FDA0003051655170000016
when external disturbance is applied to the second sensing arm, according to the two-arm phase:
Figure FDA0003051655170000017
obtaining:
Figure FDA0003051655170000021
therefore, when external disturbance action is applied to different sensing arms, the obtained phase difference is different; according to the interference formula:
Figure FDA0003051655170000022
wherein, I0Which is indicative of the intensity of the output light,
Figure FDA0003051655170000023
representing the random phase, phi, of the two sensing arms brought by the external environment0Represents the fixed phase introduced by the 3 x 3 coupler; called out
Figure FDA0003051655170000024
Then, the initial direction of the phase difference amplitude is judged, and the sensing arm acted by the disturbance can be distinguished.
2. The michelson interferometer-based distributed two-arm sensing system of claim 1, wherein an optical isolator is used to prevent backscattered light from the sensing arm and reflected signal light from entering the laser and affecting its operating state; and the sensing arms are respectively provided with a Faraday rotating mirror so as to realize that the system keeps a polarization stable state.
3. The michelson interferometer-based distributed two-arm sensing system of claim 1, wherein both michelson arms act as sensing arms that are spread along the path to be monitored.
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