CN104192735B - A kind of minor crane - Google Patents

A kind of minor crane Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104192735B
CN104192735B CN201410486829.7A CN201410486829A CN104192735B CN 104192735 B CN104192735 B CN 104192735B CN 201410486829 A CN201410486829 A CN 201410486829A CN 104192735 B CN104192735 B CN 104192735B
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lifting device
lifting
pedal
structural frame
small crane
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CN104192735A (en
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原政军
马荣全
苗冬梅
张明勤
孟宪举
姚玉善
张士军
王晴
刘昆
王凯
靳斐
郝圣文
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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Abstract

A kind of minor crane, formed by chassis, revolving dial, stand, arm and lowering or hoisting gear, between lowering or hoisting gear and revolving dial, be provided with guide rail, can move up and down, on lowering or hoisting gear, be provided with balancing weight and pedal, its top is connected with rope sheave, and on rope sheave, steel wire rope is walked around arm through pulley and is connected on hoisting heavy by rigging; Lowering or hoisting gear moves down by manpower effect pedal, and now hoisting heavy upwards rises. On lowering or hoisting gear, also have lockable mechanism and slow descending device, reliable to ensure minor crane. Simple structure of the present invention, unregulated power or fuel consumption, use cost is cheap, energy-conserving and environment-protective.

Description

一种小型起重机a small crane

技术领域technical field

本发明是属于起重机技术领域,特别涉及一种小型起重机。The invention belongs to the technical field of cranes, in particular to a small-sized crane.

背景技术Background technique

为节省资源,实施绿色施工,建筑施工现场临时道路和场地铺设常常采用一定规格的预制混凝土块,但这些具有额定重量的预制块运达现场后的卸车与铺设就位问题难以解决。若选用汽车起重机等大中型吊装设备,经济性差,台班费高;若选用人工搬运,则劳动强度大,安全性差,费时费力,施工效率低;若采用现有轻小型吊车,其传动与操纵系统或采用电力驱动,或以内燃机为原动力、以液压泵作为二次动力,前者一方面施工现场早期电力系统可能还没有配备,一方面由于其流动性强,交流电使用不方便,而使用直流电成本较高;后者则排出的废气与噪音对环境和施工人员造成危害。In order to save resources and implement green construction, prefabricated concrete blocks of certain specifications are often used for temporary roads and site paving on construction sites, but it is difficult to solve the problems of unloading and laying in place after these prefabricated blocks with rated weight arrive at the site. If large and medium-sized hoisting equipment such as truck cranes are used, the economy is poor and the shift fee is high; if manual handling is used, the labor intensity is high, the safety is poor, time-consuming and laborious, and the construction efficiency is low; The system is driven by electricity, or internal combustion engine as the driving force, and hydraulic pump as the secondary power. On the one hand, the former may not be equipped with the electric system in the early stage of the construction site. On the other hand, due to its strong mobility, AC power is inconvenient to use. Higher; the exhaust gas and noise discharged by the latter will cause harm to the environment and construction personnel.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于克服上述起重机设备进行吊装和人工搬运的缺陷,同时解决现有轻小型吊车无电不工作和废气污染问题,提供一种升降装置可锁止、结构简单、成本较低、环境适应性强的小型起重机。本发明所解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现:The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of crane equipment for hoisting and manual handling, and at the same time solve the problems of existing light and small cranes that do not work without electricity and exhaust gas pollution, and provide a lifting device that can be locked, has a simple structure, is low in cost, and is environmentally friendly. Adaptable small crane. The technical problem solved by the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:

一种小型起重机,由底盘、回转平台、立架、吊臂和有一个结构框架的升降装置组成,升降装置与回转平台间设有导轨,升降装置上设置有配重块和脚踏板,其上部连接有绳轮,其一侧连接蜗簧,绳轮上钢丝绳经滑轮绕过吊臂通过索具连接到起吊重物上;升降装置通过人力作用脚踏板向下移动时,起吊重物向上升起;升降装置上还设有锁止机构,锁止机构由定位销、定位板组成,定位销与脚踏板连接,定位板位于结构框架中;升降装置在人力作用下下行到下端极限位置时,控制脚踏板,定位销与定位板下定位孔配合,升降装置锁止,此时可操纵起重机对起吊重物进行水平移位;升降装置在起吊重物作用下上行到上端极限位置时,控制脚踏板,定位销与定位板上定位孔配合,升降装置锁止,此时是起吊重物的初始工作状态。A small crane is composed of a chassis, a slewing platform, a stand, a boom and a lifting device with a structural frame. Guide rails are provided between the lifting device and the slewing platform, and counterweights and pedals are arranged on the lifting device. The upper part is connected with a sheave, one side of which is connected with a worm spring, and the steel wire rope on the sheave passes through the pulley around the boom and is connected to the lifting weight through the rigging; Lifting; the lifting device is also equipped with a locking mechanism, the locking mechanism is composed of a positioning pin and a positioning plate, the positioning pin is connected with the pedal, and the positioning plate is located in the structural frame; the lifting device goes down to the lower limit position under the action of manpower At this time, control the foot pedal, the positioning pin cooperates with the positioning hole under the positioning plate, and the lifting device is locked. At this time, the crane can be operated to move the lifting weight horizontally; when the lifting device moves up to the upper limit position under the action of the lifting weight , control the pedal, the positioning pin cooperates with the positioning hole on the positioning plate, and the lifting device is locked. At this time, it is the initial working state of lifting heavy objects.

所述导轨为两根平行光轴,光轴设在结构框架中,光轴与固联在回转平台上相应的孔配合形成移动副。The guide rails are two parallel optical axes, the optical axes are arranged in the structural frame, and the optical axes cooperate with the corresponding holes fixedly connected on the rotary platform to form a moving pair.

所述配重块放置在升降装置的结构框架上,配重块由多块组成,随升降装置上下移动的配重块数量可以增减,即升降装置的总重量可以根据起吊重物的重量进行调节。The counterweight is placed on the structural frame of the lifting device. The counterweight is composed of multiple pieces. The number of counterweights moving up and down with the lifting device can be increased or decreased, that is, the total weight of the lifting device can be adjusted according to the weight of the lifting weight. adjust.

升降装置结构框架的上部,设置有重物下降的缓降装置,缓降装置由手柄、偏心轮、紧压件、联动杆、压簧、刹车片、刹车轮、支撑板组成,手柄固定连接在偏心轮上,紧压件与结构框架连接,压簧套在联动杆上,联动杆前端穿过紧压件与偏心轮铰接,联动杆尾端通过螺栓固定刹车片一端,刹车片另一端绕过刹车轮通过螺栓固定在支撑板上。The upper part of the structural frame of the lifting device is provided with a slow-down device for the weight to drop. The slow-down device is composed of a handle, an eccentric wheel, a pressing piece, a linkage rod, a pressure spring, a brake pad, a brake wheel, and a support plate. The handle is fixedly connected to the On the eccentric wheel, the compression piece is connected to the structural frame, the compression spring is set on the linkage rod, the front end of the linkage rod passes through the compression piece and is hinged with the eccentric wheel, and the tail end of the linkage lever is fixed to one end of the brake pad by a bolt, and the other end of the brake pad is bypassed The brake wheel is fixed on the support plate by bolts.

所述的底盘是一个平面金属框架,框架的四角安装有行走轮,框架中部安装的回转支承与回转平台联接。The chassis is a plane metal frame, the four corners of the frame are equipped with traveling wheels, and the slewing support installed in the middle of the frame is connected with the slewing platform.

所述的回转平台是一个平面金属框架,下部与回转支承联接,上部与升降装置联接,并通过拉杆与立架联接。所述的立架与回转平台通过螺栓固定联接,吊臂与立架通过螺栓固定联接。立架与回转平台的联接、吊臂与立架的联接也可以通过焊接或铆接联接。The slewing platform is a plane metal frame, the lower part is connected with the slewing support, the upper part is connected with the lifting device, and connected with the stand through the pull rod. The vertical frame and the rotary platform are fixedly connected by bolts, and the boom and the vertical frame are fixedly connected by bolts. The connection between the vertical frame and the slewing platform, and the connection between the boom and the vertical frame can also be connected by welding or riveting.

本发明的有益效果是:升降装置可锁止、操作轻巧,构造简单,省时省力,环保节能,使用成本低廉,对施工场所地面要求较低,环境适应能力强。The beneficial effects of the invention are: the lifting device can be locked, the operation is light and handy, the structure is simple, time and labor are saved, environmental protection and energy saving, the use cost is low, the requirements for the ground of the construction site are low, and the environment adaptability is strong.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为小型起重机吊起重物时的主视图。Figure 1 is a front view of a small crane lifting a heavy object.

图2为小型起重机(绳轮以下)左视图。Fig. 2 is the left view of the small crane (below the sheave).

图3为小型起重机(绳轮以下)起吊位置视图。Figure 3 is a view of the hoisting position of the small crane (below the sheave).

图4为小型起重机底架俯视图。Figure 4 is a top view of the underframe of the small crane.

图5为小型起重机缓降装置局部放大视图。Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the slow lowering device of the small crane.

图中1.行走轮2.底盘3.升降装置4.吊臂5.立架6.拉杆7.回转平台8.索具9.起吊重物10.回转支承In the figure 1. Walking wheel 2. Chassis 3. Lifting device 4. Boom 5. Stand 6. Pull rod 7. Rotary platform 8. Rigging 9. Lifting heavy objects 10. Slewing bearing

31.脚踏板32.配重块33.结构框架34.支撑板35.钢丝绳36.滑轮37.孔38.光轴39.蜗簧310.绳轮311.刹车轮312.定位板313.定位销314.手柄315.偏心轮316.紧压件317.联动杆318.压簧319.刹车片31. Pedal 32. Counterweight 33. Structural frame 34. Support plate 35. Wire rope 36. Pulley 37. Hole 38. Optical axis 39. Worm spring 310. Rope wheel 311. Brake wheel 312. Positioning plate 313. Positioning Pin 314. Handle 315. Eccentric Wheel 316. Compression Part 317. Linkage Rod 318. Compression Spring 319. Brake Pad

具体实施方式detailed description

如图1、图2所示,本发明是一种小型起重机,由底盘2、回转平台7、立架5、吊臂4和升降装置3组成,升降装置3有一个结构框架33,结构框架33中的导轨即两根平行的光轴38与固联在回转平台上7的相应的孔37配合形成移动副,可以上下移动,升降装置3上设置有配重块32和脚踏板31,其上部连接有绳轮310,绳轮310一侧连接蜗簧39,绳轮310上钢丝绳35经滑轮36绕过吊臂4通过索具8连接到起吊重物9上。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention is a kind of small-sized crane, is made up of chassis 2, slewing platform 7, stand 5, boom 4 and elevating device 3, and elevating device 3 has a structural frame 33, and structural frame 33 The guide rails in the guide rail, that is, two parallel optical axes 38 cooperate with the corresponding holes 37 fixedly connected on the rotary platform 7 to form a moving pair, which can move up and down. The lifting device 3 is provided with a counterweight 32 and a pedal 31. The upper part is connected with a sheave 310, and one side of the sheave 310 is connected with a worm spring 39, and the wire rope 35 on the sheave 310 is connected to the hoisting weight 9 through the pulley 36 around the boom 4 through the sling 8.

升降装置3上的锁止机构由定位销313、定位板312组成,定位销313与脚踏板31连接,定位板312位于结构框架33中。The locking mechanism on the lifting device 3 is made up of a positioning pin 313 and a positioning plate 312 , the positioning pin 313 is connected with the pedal 31 , and the positioning plate 312 is located in the structural frame 33 .

结构框架33上部的缓降装置由手柄314、偏心轮315、紧压件316、联动杆317、压簧318、刹车片319、刹车轮311、支撑板34组成,手柄314固定连接在偏心轮315上,压簧318套在联动杆317上,联动杆317前端穿过紧压件316与偏心轮315铰接,联动杆317尾端通过螺栓固定刹车片319一端,刹车片319另一端绕过刹车轮311通过螺栓固定在支撑板34上。The slow-down device on the top of the structural frame 33 is composed of a handle 314, an eccentric wheel 315, a pressing piece 316, a linkage rod 317, a stage clip 318, a brake pad 319, a brake wheel 311, and a support plate 34. The handle 314 is fixedly connected to the eccentric wheel 315. On the top, the compression spring 318 is set on the linkage rod 317, the front end of the linkage rod 317 passes through the pressing part 316 and is hinged with the eccentric wheel 315, the tail end of the linkage rod 317 fixes one end of the brake pad 319 through a bolt, and the other end of the brake pad 319 bypasses the brake wheel 311 is fixed on the support plate 34 by bolts.

底盘2是一个平面金属框架,其四角安装有行走轮1,框架中部安装的回转支承10与回转平台7联接。回转平台7也是一个平面金属框架,下部与回转支承10联接,上部与升降装置联接,并通过拉杆6与立架5联接。立架5与回转平台7通过螺栓固定联接,吊臂4与立架5通过螺栓固定联接,联接方式也可为焊接或铆接。Chassis 2 is a plane metal frame, and its four corners are equipped with traveling wheels 1, and the slewing support 10 installed in the middle of the frame is connected with slewing platform 7. The slewing platform 7 is also a plane metal frame, the lower part is connected with the slewing bearing 10 , the upper part is connected with the lifting device, and is connected with the stand 5 through the pull rod 6 . The stand 5 and the rotary platform 7 are fixedly connected by bolts, and the boom 4 and the stand 5 are fixedly connected by bolts, and the connection method can also be welding or riveting.

根据起吊重物9的重量调节上下移动的配重块32数量,操纵小型起重机手柄314,偏心轮315使联动杆317向靠近刹车轮311一侧水平移动至最大行程,紧压件316与联动杆317尾部间距增大,压簧318释能,联动杆317尾部连接的刹车片319松开刹车轮311,蜗簧39释能带动绳轮310、刹车轮311一同旋转,绳轮310放绳,另一操作者抓住索具8下拉至合适位置固定在起吊重物9上,顺时针操纵手柄314完成收绳动作,此时蜗簧39和压簧318蓄能,刹车片319抱紧刹车轮311,绳轮310被制动。According to the weight of the hoisted object 9, adjust the number of counterweights 32 moving up and down, manipulate the handle 314 of the small crane, and the eccentric wheel 315 makes the linkage lever 317 move horizontally to the maximum stroke near the brake wheel 311 side, and the pressing part 316 and the linkage lever 317 afterbody spacings increase, and clip spring 318 releases energy, and the brake pad 319 that linkage lever 317 afterbody is connected unclamps brake wheel 311, and worm spring 39 releases energy and drives rope wheel 310, brake wheel 311 to rotate together, and rope wheel 310 puts rope, and another An operator grasps the sling 8 and pulls it down to a suitable position to fix it on the lifting weight 9, and manipulates the handle 314 clockwise to complete the rope retraction action. At this time, the worm spring 39 and the pressure spring 318 store energy, and the brake pad 319 hugs the brake wheel 311 , the sheave 310 is braked.

踩下处于高位的脚踏板31,与之相联的锁止机构定位销313从位于结构框架33中的定位板312上定位孔脱出,利用人力和配重块32与起吊重物9的重力差,配重块32下移,钢丝绳35提升起吊重物9,升降装置3在人力作用下下行到下端极限位置时松开脚踏板31,定位销313插入定位板312的下定位孔中,此时升降装置3锁止,可操纵起重机对起吊重物9进行水平移位。Step on the foot pedal 31 that is in the high position, and the locking mechanism locating pin 313 associated with it will disengage from the locating hole on the locating plate 312 positioned in the structural frame 33, and utilize manpower and counterweight 32 and the gravity of hoisting weight 9 Poor, the counterweight 32 moves down, the steel wire rope 35 lifts the lifting weight 9, the lifting device 3 goes down to the lower end limit position under the action of manpower, releases the pedal 31, and the positioning pin 313 is inserted into the lower positioning hole of the positioning plate 312, At this moment, the lifting device 3 is locked, and the crane can be manipulated to horizontally shift the lifting weight 9 .

轻踩处于低位的脚踏板31使定位销313从定位板312的下定位孔脱出,起吊重物9下移,升降装置3在起吊重物9作用下上行到上端极限位置时,松开脚踏板31,定位销313与定位板312上定位孔配合,升降装置3锁止。Lightly step on the foot pedal 31 in the low position to make the positioning pin 313 escape from the lower positioning hole of the positioning plate 312, and the lifting weight 9 moves downward. The pedal 31 and the positioning pin 313 cooperate with the positioning hole on the positioning plate 312, and the lifting device 3 is locked.

操纵手柄314,使偏心轮315控制刹车片319缓慢松开刹车轮311,在起吊重物9作用下绳轮310缓慢放绳,起吊重物9就位后松开索具8,蜗簧39释能绳轮310旋转自动完成收绳动作时控制手柄314使刹车片319抱紧刹车轮311,保证索具8不会从滑轮处脱出,此为一个工作循环。Operate the handle 314 so that the eccentric wheel 315 controls the brake pad 319 to slowly loosen the brake wheel 311, and the rope pulley 310 slowly releases the rope under the action of the lifting weight 9. After the lifting weight 9 is in place, the rigging 8 is released, and the worm spring 39 releases the rope. When the rope pulley 310 rotates and automatically completes the action of receiving the rope, the control handle 314 makes the brake pad 319 hold the brake wheel 311 tightly to ensure that the sling 8 will not escape from the pulley, which is a working cycle.

本发明适用于建筑施工临时道路或现场铺设预制混凝土块,不受施工环境影响,节省人力物力,本发明也可用于其他需要进行重物吊装运输的场合。The present invention is suitable for construction temporary roads or on-site laying of prefabricated concrete blocks, without being affected by the construction environment, and saves manpower and material resources. The present invention can also be used in other occasions where heavy objects need to be hoisted and transported.

Claims (7)

1.一种小型起重机,由底盘、回转平台、立架、吊臂和有一个结构框架的升降装置组成;升降装置与回转平台间设有导轨;升降装置上设置有配重块和脚踏板,其上部连接有绳轮,绳轮上钢丝绳经滑轮绕过吊臂通过索具连接起吊重物,升降装置通过人力作用脚踏板向下移动时,起吊重物向上升起,其特征在于:升降装置上还设有锁止机构,锁止机构由定位销、定位板组成,定位销与所述脚踏板连接,定位板位于所述结构框架中;升降装置在人力作用下下行到下端极限位置时,控制脚踏板,定位销与定位板下定位孔配合,升降装置锁止,此时操纵起重机对起吊重物进行水平移位;升降装置在起吊重物作用下上行到上端极限位置时,控制脚踏板,定位销与定位板上定位孔配合,升降装置锁止,此时是起吊重物的初始工作状态。1. A small crane consisting of a chassis, a slewing platform, a stand, a boom and a lifting device with a structural frame; guide rails are provided between the lifting device and the slewing platform; counterweights and pedals are arranged on the lifting device , the upper part is connected with a sheave, and the steel wire rope on the sheave bypasses the boom through the pulley and connects the lifting weight with the rigging. When the lifting device moves downward through the human pedal, the hoisting weight rises upwards. It is characterized in that: The lifting device is also provided with a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism is composed of a positioning pin and a positioning plate. The positioning pin is connected to the pedal, and the positioning plate is located in the structural frame; the lifting device goes down to the lower limit under the action of manpower. position, control the foot pedal, the positioning pin cooperates with the positioning hole under the positioning plate, and the lifting device is locked. At this time, the crane is operated to move the lifting weight horizontally; when the lifting device moves up to the upper limit position under the action of the lifting weight , control the pedal, the positioning pin cooperates with the positioning hole on the positioning plate, and the lifting device is locked. At this time, it is the initial working state of lifting heavy objects. 2.根据权利要求1所述的小型起重机,其特征在于:所述升降装置结构框架的上部设置有重物下降的缓降装置,该缓降装置由手柄、偏心轮、紧压件、联动杆、压簧、刹车片、刹车轮、支撑板组成,手柄固定连接在偏心轮上,紧压件与结构框架连接,压簧套在联动杆上,联动杆前端穿过紧压件与偏心轮铰接,联动杆尾端通过螺栓固定刹车片一端,刹车片另一端绕过刹车轮通过螺栓固定在支撑板上。2. The small crane according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper part of the structural frame of the lifting device is provided with a slow-down device for lowering the weight, and the slow-down device is composed of a handle, an eccentric wheel, a pressing piece, and a linkage rod. , compression spring, brake pad, brake wheel, and support plate, the handle is fixedly connected to the eccentric wheel, the compression piece is connected to the structural frame, the compression spring is set on the linkage rod, and the front end of the linkage rod passes through the compression piece and is hinged to the eccentric wheel , the tail end of the linkage rod fixes one end of the brake pad through bolts, and the other end of the brake pad bypasses the brake wheel and is fixed on the support plate through bolts. 3.根据权利要求1所述的小型起重机,其特征在于:所述导轨为两根平行光轴,光轴设在所述结构框架中,光轴与固联在所述回转平台上相应的孔配合形成移动副。3. The small crane according to claim 1, characterized in that: the guide rails are two parallel optical axes, the optical axes are arranged in the structural frame, and the optical axes are fixedly connected to the corresponding holes on the rotary platform Cooperate to form a mobile pair. 4.根据权利要求1所述的小型起重机,其特征在于:所述底盘是一个平面金属框架,框架的四角安装有行走轮,框架中部安装的回转支承与所述回转平台联接。4. The small crane according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chassis is a plane metal frame, traveling wheels are installed at the four corners of the frame, and the slewing bearing installed in the middle of the frame is connected with the slewing platform. 5.根据权利要求4所述的小型起重机,其特征在于:所述回转平台是一个平面金属框架,下部与所述回转支承联接,上部与所述升降装置联接,并通过拉杆与所述立架联接。5. The small crane according to claim 4, characterized in that: the slewing platform is a plane metal frame, the lower part is connected with the slewing bearing, the upper part is connected with the lifting device, and connected with the stand through a pull rod connect. 6.根据权利要求1所述的小型起重机,其特征在于:所述绳轮一侧连接蜗簧。6. The small crane according to claim 1, characterized in that: one side of the sheave is connected with a volute spring. 7.根据权利要求1所述的小型起重机,其特征在于:所述配重块放置在所述升降装置的结构框架上,该配重块由多块组成。7. The small crane according to claim 1, characterized in that: the counterweight is placed on the structural frame of the lifting device, and the counterweight is composed of multiple pieces.
CN201410486829.7A 2014-09-22 2014-09-22 A kind of minor crane Expired - Fee Related CN104192735B (en)

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CN107651580A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-02-02 惠安县晶鹰建材有限责任公司 Self-action carries construction material device
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CN110031760B (en) * 2019-05-20 2024-06-25 江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院 Multifunctional motor test installation device and method
CN110044599A (en) * 2019-05-20 2019-07-23 江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院 Elevating translational motor mounting platform
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