CN104191102A - Low-brittleness medium-temperature aluminum alloy brazing material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Low-brittleness medium-temperature aluminum alloy brazing material and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104191102A CN104191102A CN201410402211.8A CN201410402211A CN104191102A CN 104191102 A CN104191102 A CN 104191102A CN 201410402211 A CN201410402211 A CN 201410402211A CN 104191102 A CN104191102 A CN 104191102A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-brittleness medium-temperature aluminum alloy brazing material. The low-brittleness medium-temperature aluminum alloy brazing material comprises, by mass, ingredients including Cu 16.0%-18.0%, Si 5.5%-7.5 %, Ni 2.4%-4.0%, Ge 6.0%-8.5%, Sr 0.1%-0.5%, aluminum titanium boron alloy 0.01%-0.2% and the balance Al, wherein the aluminum titanium boron alloy is formed by mixing Al, Ti and B by mass ratio of 94:5:1. During preparation, intermediate alloys including nickel-copper alloy, silicon-aluminum alloy, copper-aluminum alloy and germanium-aluminum alloy are smelted in proportion and then are prepared into filament-shaped, band-shaped or foil-shaped brazing material through smelting and precise machining. The preparation process is simple, and a preparation process is economically feasible and convenient to operate. The prepared brazing material is low in melting temperature, has good spreadability and gap filling property and is very suitable for low-melting-point aluminum alloy brazing operation. In addition, due to the fact that the brazing material has low brittleness, the brazing material can be conveniently machined to be foil-shaped or filament-shaped, and the low-melting-point aluminum alloy brazing application field is widened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aluminium alloy brazing technology, especially relate to warm aluminium alloy brazing material in a kind of low fragility, the invention still further relates to the preparation technology of this brazing material.
Background technology
Aluminium and aluminium alloy, owing to having that density is little, electrical conductivity is high and the advantage such as corrosion resistance is good, especially have extremely important using value and wide application prospect in aviation, automobile and national defense and military fields in the modern industry.
Aluminum current alloy hard solder is mainly Al-Si cocrystallizing type solder, and this solder good fluidity, easily shapes, but this type of solder fusing point is higher.Al-Si eutectic solder brazing temperature, generally more than 585 ℃, approaches the even solidus of overage aluminium alloy, and at this temperature, in brazing process, the phenomenons such as grain growth, burning easily occur mother metal.In order to reduce the fusing point of Al-Si solder, scientific research personnel has developed Al-Si-Cu-Ge brazing filler metal, by adding Cu, Ge alloying element to fall low-alloyed fusing point, but still fail to solve the increase along with Cu and Ge element, the problem that its corresponding fragility increases mutually in Al-Si alloy.[Xiaoli Zhang, the research [J] of the Al-Si-Cu-Ge solder performances such as He Ding. welding, 2009, (11): 28-30].Chinese patent CN201010160707.0 has announced a kind of Al-Si-Cu-Ni alloy state foil-shaped brazing material and preparation method thereof, the prepared solder of the method has good machining property, but because this solder fusing point is 518 ~ 538oC, the promotion and application lower than 550oC aluminium alloy brazing field at fusing point have been limited, this solder plasticity is poor on the other hand, preparation difficulty is large, is difficult to apply.Although the conventional solderable material melting temperatures such as Zn-Al system, Sn-Pb system and Sn-Zn system can meet the requirement of soldering low melting point aluminium alloy, but due to defect [Zhang Qiyun such as ubiquity soldered fitting intensity are low, corrosion resistance is bad, Zhuan Hongshou. soldering handbook [M]. Beijing: the 2008:56-58 of China Machine Press], also limited the application of these solderable material in aluminium alloy connects.Therefore develop a kind of brazing temperature moderate, be convenient to be shaped, have the brazing material of excellent mechanical properties, just become low melting point aluminum alloy junction member and connect the engineering problem that in manufacture, urgent need solves.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly can meet warm aluminium alloy brazing material in the low fragility that aluminium alloy connects application, the present invention also provides the preparation technology of this brazing material.
For achieving the above object, the present invention can take following technical proposals:
In low fragility of the present invention, in warm aluminium alloy brazing material, the mass percent of each composition is:
Cu:16.0 ~ 18.0%, Si:5.5 ~ 7.5%, Ni:2.4 ~ 4.0%, Ge:6.0 ~ 8.5%, Sr:0.1 ~ 0.5%, the Al-Ti-B alloy being mixed with mass ratio 94:5:1 by Al, Ti and B: 0.01 ~ 0.2%, surplus is Al.
In low fragility of the present invention, the preparation technology of warm aluminium alloy brazing material comprises the steps:
The first step, smelting intermediate alloy
Melting intermediate alloy W: wherein in intermediate alloy W, the weight ratio of nickel and copper is: Cu:Ni=80:20;
Melting intermediate alloy X: wherein in intermediate alloy X, the weight ratio of silicon and aluminium is Al:Si=80:20;
Melting intermediate alloy Y: wherein in intermediate alloy Y, the weight ratio of copper and aluminium is Al:Cu=50:50;
Aluminium melting intermediate alloy Z: wherein in intermediate alloy Z, the weight ratio of germanium and aluminium is Al:Ge=70:30;
Second step, melting
Surplus metallic aluminium is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, when stove inner melt temperature reaches 720 ℃, four kinds of intermediate alloy W, the X, Y, the Z that add the first step to smelt, and be incubated 30 minutes and make it abundant fusion; Then with the KCl+NaCl+ZnCl coverture of mass ratio 1:1:1, liquation is covered completely; Continue heating of metal liquation, temperature adds Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy after rising to 800 ~ 850 ℃, treats that it melts completely, then is incubated 20 minutes, then starts cooling, when temperature is down to 750 ℃ ± 50 ℃, add metal Sr, and the argon gas of jetting carries out refining; When melt temperature is down to 700 ℃, melting finishes, and liquation is poured into a mould in mold and formed ingot casting; Generally, ingot casting is divided into bar-shaped cast ingot and square ingot blank.
The 3rd step, Precision Machining
In casting process, cooling system is opened, and makes ingot casting cooling fast, and the bar-shaped cast ingot of diameter 32mm is processed into thin brazing wire through extruding, drawing tube reducing; Side's ingot blank becomes band or foil-shaped brazing material through multi-pass rolling.
The invention has the advantages that preparation process is simple, economically feasible, convenient operation.The brazing material fusion temperature being prepared into is low, and fusion temperature scope is (brazing temperature is between 535 ~ 550oC) between 495 ~ 530 ℃, and under this brazing temperature, solder has good spreadability and gap-fill, very applicable low melting point aluminium alloy brazing operation; Meanwhile, because this brazing material has low fragility, be convenient to be processed into paper tinsel shape or thin brazing wire, widened the application of low melting point aluminium alloy brazing.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
embodiment 1:
Warm aluminium alloy brazing filler metal in the low fragility of preparation 100kg, its composition requirement is:: Cu:18.0%, Si:6.0%, Ni:3.0%, Ge:8.0%, Sr:0.5%, the Al-Ti-B alloy being mixed with mass ratio 94:5:1 by Al, Ti, B: 0.05%, surplus is Al.
First by weight Cu:Ni=80:20 melting 15kg intermediate alloy W, by weight Al:Si=80:20 melting 30kg intermediate alloy X, by weight Al:Cu=50:50 melting 12kg intermediate alloy Y, by weight Al:Ge=70:30 melting 26.7kg intermediate alloy Z;
Remaining 15.75kg pure metallic aluminum is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, melted intermediate alloy W, X, Y, Z above adding when melt temperature reaches 720 ℃ in stove, and be incubated 30 minutes, after it is fully merged, with the KCl+NaCl+ZnCl coverture of mass ratio 1:1:1, molten alloy liquid is covered completely; Molten metal is continued to heating, and temperature adds 0.05kg Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy after rising to 800 ~ 850 ℃; After metal melts completely, be incubated 20 minutes, then start cooling.Temperature is down to 750 ℃ of left and right and is added 0.5kg metal Sr, and the argon gas of jetting carries out refining;
When melt temperature is down to 700 ℃, melting finishes, (referring to Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering is ZL 201220062676.X in the patent No. of application on February 24th, 2012 to pour the uniform solution of composition into solder ingot casting consecutive solidification device, denomination of invention is the utility model patent of < < solder ingot casting consecutive solidification device > >, it is cooling fast that this device can make solder realize in casting process, assurance ingot structure is even, defect is few) in: cooling recirculation system opened, make aluminium alloy cooling fast to realizing in mold casting process, obtain the finished product ingot casting of even tissue: the bar-shaped cast ingot of diameter 32mm or cross section are 100 * 10mm
2square billet.Bar-shaped cast ingot is processed into thin brazing wire through extruding, rolling, drawing tube reducing, and square billet ingot casting is through being rolled into band shape or foil-shaped brazing material.
embodiment 2:
Warm aluminium alloy brazing filler metal in the low fragility of preparation 100kg, its composition requirement is:: Cu:17.0%, Si:5.5%, Ni:3.5%, Ge:8.5%, Sr:0.1%, the Al-Ti-B alloy being mixed with mass ratio 94:5:1 by Al, Ti, B: 0.1%, surplus is Al.
First by weight Cu:Ni=80:20 melting 17.5kg intermediate alloy W, by weight Al:Si=80:20 melting 27.5kg intermediate alloy X, by weight Al:Cu=50:50 melting 6kg intermediate alloy Y, by weight Al:Ge=70:30 melting 28.3kg intermediate alloy Z;
Remaining 20.5kg pure metallic aluminum is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, melted intermediate alloy W, X, Y, Z above adding when melt temperature reaches 720 ℃ in stove, and be incubated 30 minutes, after it is fully merged, with the KCl+NaCl+ZnCl coverture of mass ratio 1:1:1, molten alloy liquid is covered completely; Molten metal is continued to heating, and temperature adds 0.05kg Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy after rising to 800 ~ 850 ℃; After metal melts completely, be incubated 20 minutes, then start cooling.Temperature is down to 750 ℃ of left and right and is added 0.1kg metal Sr, and the argon gas of jetting carries out refining;
When melt temperature is down to 700 ℃, melting finishes, the uniform solution of composition is poured in solder ingot casting consecutive solidification device (can adopt the device in embodiment 1), open cooling recirculation system, make aluminium alloy cooling fast to realizing in mold casting process, obtain the finished product ingot casting of even tissue: the bar-shaped cast ingot of diameter 32mm or cross section are 100 * 10mm
2square billet.Same, bar-shaped cast ingot is processed into thin brazing wire through extruding, rolling, drawing tube reducing, and square billet ingot casting is through being rolled into band shape or foil-shaped brazing material.
embodiment 3:
Warm aluminium alloy brazing filler metal in the low fragility of preparation 100kg, its composition requirement is:: Cu:16.0%, Si:7.5%, Ni:2.5%, Ge:7.0%, Sr:0.3%, the Al-Ti-B alloy being mixed with mass ratio 94:5:1 by Al, Ti, B: 0.15%, surplus is Al.
First by weight Cu:Ni=80:20 melting 12.5kg intermediate alloy W, by weight Al:Si=80:20 melting 27.5kg intermediate alloy X, by weight Al:Cu=50:50 melting 12kg intermediate alloy Y, by weight Al:Ge=70:30 melting 23.33kg intermediate alloy Z;
Remaining 14.22kg pure metallic aluminum is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, melted intermediate alloy W, X, Y, Z above adding when melt temperature reaches 720 ℃ in stove, and be incubated 30 minutes, after it is fully merged, with the KCl+NaCl+ZnCl coverture of mass ratio 1:1:1, molten alloy liquid is covered completely; Molten metal is continued to heating, and temperature adds 0.15kg Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy after rising to 800 ~ 850 ℃; After metal melts completely, be incubated 20 minutes, then start cooling.Temperature is down to 750 ℃ of left and right and is added 0.3kg metal Sr, and the argon gas of jetting carries out refining;
When melt temperature is down to 700 ℃, melting finishes, the uniform solution of composition is poured in solder ingot casting consecutive solidification device (can adopt the device in embodiment 1), open cooling recirculation system, make aluminium alloy cooling fast to realizing in mold casting process, obtain the finished product ingot casting of even tissue: the bar-shaped cast ingot of diameter 32mm or cross section are 100 * 10mm
2square billet.Same, bar-shaped cast ingot is processed into thin brazing wire through extruding, rolling, drawing tube reducing, and square billet ingot casting is through being rolled into band shape or foil-shaped brazing material.
embodiment 4:
Warm aluminium alloy brazing filler metal in the low fragility of preparation 100kg, its composition requirement is:: Cu:17.5%, Si:6.5%, Ni:3.0%, Ge:6.5%, Sr:0.2%, the Al-Ti-B alloy being mixed with mass ratio 94:5:1 by Al, Ti, B: 0.2%, surplus is Al.
First by weight Cu:Ni=80:20 melting 15kg intermediate alloy W, by weight Al:Si=80:20 melting 32.5kg intermediate alloy X, by weight Al:Cu=50:50 melting 11kg intermediate alloy Y, by weight Al:Ge=70:30 melting 21.67kg intermediate alloy Z;
Remaining 19.43kg pure metallic aluminum is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, melted intermediate alloy W, X, Y, Z above adding when melt temperature reaches 720 ℃ in stove, and be incubated 30 minutes, after it is fully merged, with the KCl+NaCl+ZnCl coverture of mass ratio 1:1:1, molten alloy liquid is covered completely; Molten metal is continued to heating, and temperature adds 0.2kg Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy after rising to 800 ~ 850 ℃; After metal melts completely, be incubated 20 minutes, then start cooling.Temperature is down to 750 ℃ of left and right and is added 0.2kg metal Sr, and the argon gas of jetting carries out refining;
When melt temperature is down to 700 ℃, melting finishes, the uniform solution of composition is poured in solder ingot casting consecutive solidification device (can adopt the device in embodiment 1), open cooling recirculation system, make aluminium alloy cooling fast to realizing in mold casting process, obtain the finished product ingot casting of even tissue: the bar-shaped cast ingot of diameter 32mm or cross section are 100 * 10mm
2square billet.Same, bar-shaped cast ingot is processed into thin brazing wire through extruding, rolling, drawing tube reducing, and square billet ingot casting is through being rolled into band shape or foil-shaped brazing material.
embodiment 5:
Warm aluminium alloy brazing filler metal in the low fragility of preparation 100kg, its composition requirement is:: Cu:17.5%, Si:6.5%, Ni:4.0%, Ge:6.0%, Sr:0.2%, the Al-Ti-B alloy being mixed with mass ratio 94:5:1 by Al, Ti, B: 0.01%, surplus is Al.
First by weight Cu:Ni=80:20 melting 20kg intermediate alloy W, by weight Al:Si=80:20 melting 32.5kg intermediate alloy X, by weight Al:Cu=50:50 melting 3kg intermediate alloy Y, by weight Al:Ge=70:30 melting 20g intermediate alloy Z;
Remaining 24.29kg pure metallic aluminum is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, melted intermediate alloy W, X, Y, Z above adding when melt temperature reaches 720 ℃ in stove, and be incubated 30 minutes, after it is fully merged, with the KCl+NaCl+ZnCl coverture of mass ratio 1:1:1, molten alloy liquid is covered completely; Molten metal is continued to heating, and temperature adds 0.01kg Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy after rising to 800 ~ 850 ℃; After metal melts completely, be incubated 20 minutes, then start cooling.Temperature is down to 750 ℃ of left and right and is added 0.2kg metal Sr, and the argon gas of jetting carries out refining;
When melt temperature is down to 700 ℃, melting finishes, the uniform solution of composition is poured in solder ingot casting consecutive solidification device (can adopt the device in embodiment 1), open cooling recirculation system, make aluminium alloy cooling fast to realizing in mold casting process, obtain the finished product ingot casting of even tissue: the bar-shaped cast ingot of diameter 32mm or cross section are 100 * 10mm
2square billet.Same, bar-shaped cast ingot is processed into thin brazing wire through extruding, rolling, drawing tube reducing, and square billet ingot casting is through being rolled into band shape or foil-shaped brazing material.
Claims (2)
1. a warm aluminium alloy brazing material in low fragility, is characterized in that: in described brazing material, the mass percent of each composition is:
Cu:16.0 ~ 18.0%, Si:5.5 ~ 7.5%, Ni:2.4 ~ 4.0%, Ge:6.0 ~ 8.5%, Sr:0.1 ~ 0.5%, the Al-Ti-B alloy being mixed with mass ratio 94:5:1 by Al, Ti and B: 0.01 ~ 0.2%, surplus is Al.
2. the preparation technology of warm aluminium alloy brazing material in low fragility according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
The first step, smelting intermediate alloy
Melting intermediate alloy W: wherein in intermediate alloy W, the weight ratio of nickel and copper is: Cu:Ni=80:20;
Melting intermediate alloy X: wherein in intermediate alloy X, the weight ratio of silicon and aluminium is Al:Si=80:20;
Melting intermediate alloy Y: wherein in intermediate alloy Y, the weight ratio of copper and aluminium is Al:Cu=50:50;
Aluminium melting intermediate alloy Z: wherein in intermediate alloy Z, the weight ratio of germanium and aluminium is Al:Ge=70:30;
Second step, melting
Surplus metallic aluminium is melted in intermediate frequency furnace, when stove inner melt temperature reaches 720 ℃, four kinds of intermediate alloy W, the X, Y, the Z that add the first step to smelt, and be incubated 30 minutes and make it abundant fusion; Then with the KCl+NaCl+ZnCl coverture of mass ratio 1:1:1, liquation is covered completely; Continue heating of metal liquation, temperature adds Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy after rising to 800 ~ 850 ℃, treats that it melts completely, then is incubated 20 minutes, then starts cooling, when temperature is down to 750 ℃ ± 50 ℃, add metal Sr, and the argon gas of jetting carries out refining; When melt temperature is down to 700 ℃, melting finishes, and liquation is poured into a mould in mold and formed ingot casting;
The 3rd step, Precision Machining
In casting process, cooling system is opened, and make ingot casting cooling fast, and then tube reducing is drawn into filament or is rolled into band shape, foil-shaped brazing material.
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| CN106238955A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-12-21 | 镇江市锶达合金材料有限公司 | A kind of arc-welding composite aluminium alloy solder silk and preparation method thereof |
| CN106312363A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-11 | 北京有色金属与稀土应用研究所 | Al-Ag-Ge-Mg-Ti aluminum-based medium temperature vacuum brazing filler metal and preparation method thereof |
| CN113020838A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-25 | 南昌航空大学 | Aluminum-based brazing filler metal, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114654127A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-24 | 贵州大学 | Low-melting-point aluminum-based brazing filler metal, preparation thereof and application thereof in 6000 series aluminum alloy brazing |
| CN115106676A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-09-27 | 航天科工防御技术研究试验中心 | Aluminum alloy brazing filler metal wire and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023015784A1 (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-02-16 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Braze paste for fluxless brazing of stainless steel and preparation method therefor, copper-manganese-nickel-cobalt braze material, and application |
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| CN106238955A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-12-21 | 镇江市锶达合金材料有限公司 | A kind of arc-welding composite aluminium alloy solder silk and preparation method thereof |
| CN106312363A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-11 | 北京有色金属与稀土应用研究所 | Al-Ag-Ge-Mg-Ti aluminum-based medium temperature vacuum brazing filler metal and preparation method thereof |
| CN106312363B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-05-03 | 北京有色金属与稀土应用研究所 | A kind of Al-Cu-Ag-Ge-Mg-Ti aluminium base medium temperature vacuum brazing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113020838A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-25 | 南昌航空大学 | Aluminum-based brazing filler metal, and preparation method and application thereof |
| WO2023015784A1 (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-02-16 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Braze paste for fluxless brazing of stainless steel and preparation method therefor, copper-manganese-nickel-cobalt braze material, and application |
| CN114654127A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-24 | 贵州大学 | Low-melting-point aluminum-based brazing filler metal, preparation thereof and application thereof in 6000 series aluminum alloy brazing |
| CN115106676A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-09-27 | 航天科工防御技术研究试验中心 | Aluminum alloy brazing filler metal wire and preparation method thereof |
| CN115106676B (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-09-01 | 航天科工防御技术研究试验中心 | Aluminum alloy solder wire and preparation method thereof |
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