Background technology
It is exactly desertification that the large area of desertification of land spreads, and is one of the most serious Global Environmental Problems, and desertification of land causes the loss of soil with organic matter and plasma, soil alligatoring, and fertility declines, productivity of land slump of disastrous proportions.Therefore finding a kind of economic, effective prone soil improvement method has important practical significance for safeguarding ecotope and strengthening economic development.
Now prone soil being improved to conventional method is that fertilizer is directly used or peat is directly used, and fertilizer and peat are directly used the fertility that can only improve merely prone soil, can not improve structure and the preservation capacity of water and fertility of prone soil, and improved effect is poor.Also had in recent years some high-molecular organic materials for improveing Shahu Lake soil (as polyacrylamide etc.), these high-molecular organic materials can improve structure and the moisture capacity of prone soil, but price is high, is not suitable for large-area applications.
For example, application publication number CN101755513A, the Chinese patent of Shen Qing Publication day 2010.06.30 discloses a kind of method with peat amelioration aeolian sandy soil, its key step is to be mixed in aeolian sandy soil during to certain water content air-dry the peat with specific pH, its weak point is, adopt peat to improve aeolian sandy soil, only improve to a certain extent the fertility of weathering soil, can not improve structure and the preservation capacity of water and fertility of prone soil, nutrient releasing speed is fast, crop is low to the availability of nutrient, in addition, the lazy weight per capita of China's peat resource, along with excessive exploitation and consumption to peat resource, cause peat scarcity of resources, cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that the prone soil improvement method cost in order to solve prior art is higher, can not improve structure and the preservation capacity of water and fertility of prone soil, nutrient releasing speed is fast, the problem that crop is low to the availability of nutrient, provide a kind of step simple, strong operability, cost is low, be applicable to large-scale promotion, can strengthen soil fertility and improve prone soil structure and the prone soil improvement method of fertilizer conservation water retention property.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of prone soil improvement method, comprises the following steps:
(1) prone soil of need improvement is turned over, obtained topsoil.Prone soil is first turned over, is made the soil (being topsoil) on prone soil surface more loose, be conducive in subsequent step sandy soil conditioner mix with the prone soil in topsoil more easy and even.
(2) spread fertilizer over the fields sandy soil conditioner at topsoil surface uniform, and sandy soil conditioner is mixed with the prone soil in topsoil, described sandy soil conditioner is made up of the component of following percentage by weight: 2~5% sodium humates, 20~30% flyash, 5~10% konjaku flours, 20~30% dry sheep excrement, 1~3% guar gum, surplus is diatomite.Key point of the present invention is to provide a kind of sandy soil conditioner to improve structure and the preserve moisture and fertility performance of prone soil for the characteristic of prone soil, in sandy soil conditioner, sodium humate the nutrition of providing is provided, improves soil property, promotes the absorption of crop to P fertilizer, stimulate plant growth, strengthen the effect of crop disease prevention resistance against diseases, increasing both production and income, with dry sheep excrement coordinated, can greatly improve the getting fat effect to prone soil, fly ash is abundant, have advantages of that raw material sources are extensive, inexpensive, the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another, in prone soil, add flyash and can effectively improve soil porosity, be conducive to promote the balance of aqueous vapor in soil and increase soil fertility, flyash can also obviously reduce the permeance property of sandy soil, weakens sand waterpower conducting power, konjaku flour is a kind of macromolecular compound, there is very strong water imbibition and moisture capacity, play the effect that keeps soil moisture and chesson, in the time that soil water content is high, it can absorb the moisture in soil and expand, after water suction, the inflatable 80-100 of volume doubly, then can within the ensuing a very long time, discharge moisture, and the moisture major part absorbing can be by plant utilization, can diminish gradually along with the minimizing of moisture in body again afterwards, it is large that therefore distance between soil particle can become, can make loosing soil, konjaku flour can be resolved into gradually soil by microorganism after being manured into soil nutrient is provided in addition, to environment without any harmful effect, Environmental Safety, dry sheep excrement can change the loose structureless bad proterties of sandy soil, and can improve the content of organic matter in prone soil, improves the fertility of soil, and dry sheep excrement is easy to get, and cost is low, on the strand of guar gum, contain numerous hydroxyls, between hydroxyl on oxygen atom and guar gum on mineral surfaces, can form hydrogen bond, the prone soil granular cementation disperseing is mutually formed to soil aggregate to improve the stability of soil particle together, thereby play the effect of solid soil, soil conservation, but the addition of guar gum can not be excessive, otherwise meeting influence aeration of the soil and water penetration, diatomite has loose structure, be applied to after soil can be by most of moisture and Nutrient absorption wherein, and there is the wherein characteristic of moisture and nutrient of slow release, lasting supply crop needs, greatly improve the availability of crop to nutrient, play the effect of slowly-releasing and synergy, thereby diatomite also can improve the root system development of soil structure situation promotion crop, in addition, diatomaceous mixing uniformity is good, itself can become concentrated fertilizer, has the effect that impels the aspect such as crop growth, improvement soil.Sandy soil conditioner scientific formulation of the present invention is reasonable, cost is low, safety and environmental protection, by the mutual coordinated between each component, can strengthen soil fertility and improve prone soil structure, and fertilizer conservation water holding capacity is good, and the characteristic that can slowly discharge wherein moisture and nutrient is to supply with lastingly crop needs, greatly improves the availability of crop to nutrient.
(3) by after topsoil surfacing, water irrigates.
As preferably, described topsoil THICKNESS CONTROL is at 20~30cm.Topsoil thickness is blocked up, need to apply more sandy soil conditioner, is unfavorable for controlling cost, and is unfavorable for mixing of sandy soil conditioner and topsoil; And thickness is excessively thin, improved effect is not obvious, and therefore topsoil thickness is advisable to be controlled at 20~30cm.
As preferably, in step (2) amount of application of sandy soil conditioner be in topsoil prone soil quality 8~10%.The consumption of sandy soil conditioner applies taking the prone soil quality in topsoil as benchmark, if amount of application is very few, the soil granular forming is few, improved effect is bad, otherwise, can cause cost to increase, sometimes also there will be concretize phenomenon, therefore in the present invention, the amount of application of sandy soil conditioner is controlled at as 8~10% of prone soil quality in topsoil.
As preferably, described in step (2), sandy soil conditioner makes by the following method:
(a) diatomite pretreatment: diatomite is placed at 400~600 DEG C and carries out naturally cooling to room temperature after roasting 4~6h, stand-by.The present invention adopts the mode of roasting to carry out pretreatment to diatomite original soil, can remove molecular water and the organic matter of diatomite surface and interlayer by roasting, effectively improve the physical arrangement of diatomite original soil, make diatomite original soil can keep original structural framework and crimping structure, improve slowly-releasing and synergism performance.
(b) composite batch mixing: take after sodium humate, flyash, konjaku flour, dry sheep excrement, guar gum, diatomite by said ratio, first sodium humate, flyash, konjaku flour, dry sheep excrement are mixed with guar gum, then add diatomite to mix.Mix to ensure the uniformity of mixing by gradation, and can obtain sandy soil conditioner by simple mixing, processing step is simple, workable, is applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
As preferably, described dry sheep excrement makes by the following method: after air-dry dry sheep excrement, pulverize and cross 2~4mm sieve.Dry sheep excrement is pulverized, and is conducive to improve plant recovery of nutrient.
As preferably, described diatomite particle diameter is 40~100 orders.Diatomaceous particle diameter is 40~100 orders, and slowly-releasing and synergistic effect are good.
Therefore, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: only need turn over to the prone soil of need improvement, in topsoil, sneak into again a kind of sandy soil conditioner of developing for the characteristic of prone soil, after irrigating, can strengthen prone soil fertility and improve prone soil structure and fertilizer conservation water retention property, step is simple, strong operability, cost is low, is applicable to large-scale promotion.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
In the present invention, if not refer in particular to, all percentage is unit of weight, and all devices and raw material all can be buied from market or the industry is conventional, and the method in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is this area conventional method.
Embodiment 1
(1) prone soil of need improvement is turned over, obtained topsoil, topsoil THICKNESS CONTROL is at 20cm.
(2) spread fertilizer over the fields sandy soil conditioner at topsoil surface uniform, the amount of application of sandy soil conditioner is 8% of the interior prone soil quality of topsoil, and sandy soil conditioner is mixed with the prone soil in topsoil, sandy soil conditioner makes by the following method:
(a) diatomite pretreatment: diatomite is placed at 400 DEG C and carries out naturally cooling to room temperature after roasting 6h, stand-by;
(b) composite batch mixing: after air-dry dry sheep excrement, pulverize and cross 2mm sieve, stand-by; Taking sandy soil conditioner gross mass as benchmark, take each component by following quality percentage composition proportioning: 2% sodium humate, 20% flyash, 5% konjaku flour, 20% dry sheep excrement, 1% guar gum, surplus is that particle diameter is 40 object diatomite.
(3) by after topsoil surfacing, water irrigates.
Embodiment 2
(1) prone soil of need improvement is turned over, obtained topsoil, topsoil THICKNESS CONTROL is at 30cm.
(2) spread fertilizer over the fields sandy soil conditioner at topsoil surface uniform, the amount of application of sandy soil conditioner is 10% of the interior prone soil quality of topsoil, and sandy soil conditioner is mixed with the prone soil in topsoil, sandy soil conditioner makes by the following method:
(a) diatomite pretreatment: diatomite is placed at 600 DEG C and carries out naturally cooling to room temperature after roasting 4h, stand-by;
(b) composite batch mixing: after air-dry dry sheep excrement, pulverize and cross 4mm sieve, stand-by; Taking sandy soil conditioner gross mass as benchmark, take each component by following quality percentage composition proportioning: 5% sodium humate, 30% flyash, 10% konjaku flour, 30% dry sheep excrement, 3% guar gum, surplus is that particle diameter is 100 object diatomite.
(3) by after topsoil surfacing, water irrigates.
Embodiment 3
(1) prone soil of need improvement is turned over, obtained topsoil, topsoil THICKNESS CONTROL is at 26cm.
(2) spread fertilizer over the fields sandy soil conditioner at topsoil surface uniform, the amount of application of sandy soil conditioner is 9% of the interior prone soil quality of topsoil, and sandy soil conditioner is mixed with the prone soil in topsoil, sandy soil conditioner makes by the following method:
(a) diatomite pretreatment: diatomite is placed at 500 DEG C and carries out naturally cooling to room temperature after roasting 5h, stand-by;
(b) composite batch mixing: after air-dry dry sheep excrement, pulverize and cross 3mm sieve, stand-by; Taking sandy soil conditioner gross mass as benchmark, take each component by following quality percentage composition proportioning: 3% sodium humate, 25% flyash, 7% konjaku flour, 25% dry sheep excrement, 2% guar gum, surplus is that particle diameter is 80 object diatomite.
(3) by after topsoil surfacing, water irrigates.
Prone soil after method improvement of the present invention with improvement before prone soil compared with, soil porosity increases more than 2%, gas permeability increases more than 2 times, the bulk density of soil at least reduces by 10%, soil water stable aggregate content has at least increased by 30%, structural coefficient increases more than 3%, soil erosion amount reduces more than 45%, the content of organic matter can improve more than 6 times especially, clearly, improvement method of the present invention can make the performances such as the air capacity of soils, porosity, water penetration of prone soil all be greatly improved, and has broad application prospects, and is worthy to be popularized.
Above-described embodiment is preferably scheme of one of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, also has other variant and remodeling under the prerequisite that does not exceed the technical scheme that claim records.