CN104185546A - 飞机内部装饰板以及配备有这种板的飞机 - Google Patents

飞机内部装饰板以及配备有这种板的飞机 Download PDF

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CN104185546A
CN104185546A CN201280065655.6A CN201280065655A CN104185546A CN 104185546 A CN104185546 A CN 104185546A CN 201280065655 A CN201280065655 A CN 201280065655A CN 104185546 A CN104185546 A CN 104185546A
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aircraft
acoustic energy
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CN104185546B (zh
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亚历山德罗·佩拉佐洛
萨拉·斯卡伊尼
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Leonardo AG
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Abstract

一种用于飞机(E)的内部(11)的装饰板(10)，该板具有多层结构，并且该板包括：外层(12)，该外层由不透空气的材料制成，并且该外层定位成在使用中面向飞机(E)的机身；内层(13)，该内层由装饰材料制成，并且该内层在使用中限定内部(11)；结构层(14)，该结构层介于内层与外层(13，12)之间；以及声能消散材料(17，21)，该声能消散材料也介于内层(13)与外层(12)之间；由多孔材料制成的内层(13)允许朝向声能消散材料(17，21)的空气流动。

Description

飞机内部装饰板以及配备有这种板的飞机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种飞机内部装饰板，并且更具体地涉及一种用于降低飞机内部噪声级的吸音装饰板。
本发明可用于(虽然不排他地)优势为能够盘旋的飞机，诸如直升飞机(下文的说明仅以非限制性实例的方式涉及该直升飞机)或推力换向式飞机(convertiplane)。
本发明还涉及配备有这种内部装饰板的飞机。
背景技术
如已知的，在飞机产业中，降低客舱内部的噪声级是目前主要的设计问题。
外部噪声一般来自引擎、与飞机的构件关联的移动部件，以及来自机身上方的气流，并且该外部噪声主要沿着空气以及结构路径(即，穿过机身与内机身板之间的结构连接点)从机身传播至飞机的内部。
大多数飞机(并且具体地为直升飞机)是在支撑框架上建造的。更具体地，外部覆盖物应用于该框架；热绝缘且声绝缘的材料应用在该框架与客舱之间；并且该框架与绝缘材料在面向客舱内部的侧面上覆盖有装饰板。
客舱内部的隔音由此依赖于装饰板、所使用的声绝缘材料的类型以及客舱陈设品(座椅、地毯等)。
在图1的分解剖面中的标号1总体上表示已知装饰板的一个实例，该装饰板具有多层结构并且基本包括：
-外层2，该外层定位成在使用中面向机身并且由注入有环氧树脂的碳纤维或玻璃纤维的复合材料制成；
-蜂巢结构层3，该蜂巢结构层定位成与层2接触并且由包含例如甲基聚酰胺(商标名为)纤维的复合材料制成；
-中间层4，该中间层具有与层2相同的复合物并且在层2的相对侧上与层3接触；
-装饰层5，该装饰层限定板1面向客舱内部的侧面并且通常由皮革制成；以及
-层6，该层由多孔的声能消散材料(通常不公开地(closed-call)称为软接触泡沫)制成，该层介于层4与层5之间。
具有上文结构的已知板具有的缺点为，在两侧上(即，还在面向客舱内部的侧面上)完全反射声波，这一般不透空气，使得在客舱内传播的任何声能都不能被消散。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供一种简单的低成本的飞机内部装饰板，该飞机内部装饰板设计成消除已知板的上述缺点。
根据本发明，提供了一种如权利要求1所述的用于飞机内部的装饰板。
本发明还涉及一种具有由如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的装饰板所限定的内部的飞机。
附图说明
将参考附图通过实例来描述本发明的优选的非限制的实施方式，在附图中：
图1示出了已知的飞机内部装饰板的剖面；
图2示出了根据本发明的飞机内部装饰板的分解的剖面；
图3示出了配备有如在图2中所示的装饰板的直升飞机客舱的立体图。
具体实施方式
在图2中的标号10总体上表示根据本发明的飞机内部装饰板，并且在示出的实例中，该飞机内部装饰板用于直升飞机E的客舱11(图3)。
板10具有多层结构并且基本包括：外层12，该外层由不透空气的材料制成，并且该外层定位成在使用中面向直升飞机的机身；内层13，该内层由装饰材料制成，并且该内存在使用中限定客舱11的内部；以及蜂巢结构层14，该蜂巢结构层介于外层12与内层13之间，并且该蜂巢结构层包括限定各自的空气通道16的多个邻近的单元(cell)15。
板10还包括：层17，该层由声能消散材料制成并且介于结构层14与内层13之间；以及另一个层18，该另一个层介于层14与层17之间。
在示出的实例中，外层12由注入有环氧树脂的碳纤维或玻璃纤维的复合材料制成，并且除了该外层具有用于更好气流绝缘的较多的复合材料层，该外层与图1中已知板1的层2相同。
内层13由允许板10的向内的空气流动气流的多孔材料(例如，诸如穿孔的或多孔的皮革，或者多孔织物)制成。
有利地，结构层14的单元15仅部分地填充有声能消散材料21，诸如泡沫；这样，如在图2中所示，在层14的每个单元15中空气间隙设置在声能消散材料21与层17和18之间。
优选地，声能消散材料21填充每个单元15总空间的三分之二。
层14可由与图1中已知板1的结构层3相同的材料制成，即，由甲基聚酰胺(商标名为)纤维的复合材料制成。
层18优选地由与外层12相同的材料制成但具有通口20，并且该层可例如为格栅形式。
在示出的实例中，层17由开孔泡沫制成。
如在图2中所示，板10通过将层12、层13、层14、层17以及层18彼此叠放并在高压处理器中真空压缩该合成组件而形成。树脂由此用作粘合剂以将层12、层13、层14、层17、层18结合在一起。
根据本发明的教导的板10的优点将从上文的说明中变得清楚。
特别地，层13、层17、层18以及层14允许来自客舱11内部的声波通过板10自由传播，由此消散与这些声波关联的声能，并且显著地改善板10吸收来自客舱11内部的噪声的能力。
此外，在不增加板10相对于已知板(图1中的板1是已知板的典型实例)的厚度的前提下，实现了在板10的噪声吸收能力方面的改善。
申请人已经实验性地注意到，在层14的每个单元15中设置在声能消散材料21与层17和18之间的空气间隙允许显著地增加相对于已知解决方案的抑制影响以及吸音影响。
清楚地，然而在不背离所附权利要求的保护范围的前提下，可对如在本文中描述且示出的板10做出改变。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于飞机(E)的内部(11)的装饰板(10)，所述板具有多层结构，并且所述板包括：
-外层(12)，所述外层由不透空气的材料制成，并且所述外层定位成在使用中面向所述飞机(E)的机身；
-内层(13)，所述内层由装饰材料制成，并且所述内层在使用中限定所述内部(11)；
-结构层(14)，所述结构层介于所述内层与所述外层(13，12)之间，并且所述结构层包括限定各自的空气通道(16)的多个相邻的单元(15)；以及
-声能消散材料(17，21)，所述声能消散材料也介于所述内层(13)与所述外层(12)之间；
由多孔材料制成的所述内层(13)允许朝向所述声能消散材料(17，21)的空气流动；
其特征在于，所述单元(15)部分地填充有所述声能消散材料(21)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板，其中，所述声能消散材料形成另一个层(17)，所述另一个层介于所述结构层(14)与所述内层(13)之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的板，其中，在所述结构层(14)的每个所述单元(15)中，空气间隙设置在所述另一个层(17)与位于所述单元(15)中的所述声能消散材料21之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的板，其中，所述声能消散材料(21)填充每个所述单元(15)总空间的三分之二。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板，其中，所述声能消散材料(17，21)为泡沫。
6.根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的板，其中，所述另一个层(17)由开孔泡沫制成。
7.根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的板，所述板包括在所述结构层(14)与所述另一个层(17)之间的具有通口(20)的中间层(18)。
8.一种具有由根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装饰板(10)限定的内部(11)的飞机。
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