CN104181807B - Satellite-to-ground laser time difference measurement apparatus of satellite borne time system - Google Patents
Satellite-to-ground laser time difference measurement apparatus of satellite borne time system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104181807B CN104181807B CN201310200426.7A CN201310200426A CN104181807B CN 104181807 B CN104181807 B CN 104181807B CN 201310200426 A CN201310200426 A CN 201310200426A CN 104181807 B CN104181807 B CN 104181807B
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Abstract
The invention, which belongs to the technical field of satellite navigation, discloses a satellite-to-ground laser time difference measurement apparatus of a satellite borne time system. The apparatus is composed of a photoelectric conversion module, an electrical signal time measurement module, a measurement control command receiving and processing module, a measuring data processing and transmission module, and a power supply module. The measurement control command receiving and processing module sets a fixed time length used as a gated signal and transmits the gated signal to the photoelectric conversion module. On the basis of the gated signal, the photoelectric conversion module receives a laser pulse sent by a ground observation station every second and converts the laser pulse into an electric pulse signal transmitted to the electrical signal time measurement module. According to the electrical signal time measurement module, a plurality of integer cycle measurement units formed by clock delay units are connected in series to cover a time gate and the time of the time gate is measured to obtain a time difference measurement value, wherein the time gate uses each second pulse of the satellite borne clock as an initial signal and uses an electric pulse signal between the second pulse and the next second pulse as an end signal; and the time difference measurement value is processed by the measuring data processing and transmission module and then is downloaded to the ground observation station.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of satellite navigation and in particular to a kind of spaceborne time system star ground laser time difference measurement
Device, for the accurate measurement of satellite navigation system star ground time system.
Background technology
In satellite navigation system, the temporal frequency between the reference clock of spaceborne clock and ground survey station changes and stable
Sexual intercourse is to the precision of whole satellite navigation system and the degree of accuracy.For the spaceborne time measurement of aeronautical satellite, its precision needs
Reach nanosecond (ns) magnitude or higher.
For reaching above-mentioned precision, the measuring method typically adopting in the world is Radio Measurement method, and this is also that the world is defended
Star navigation system, including all commonly used side such as GPS System in USA, Russian GLONASS system and European Galileo System
Method, the Beidou satellite navigation system of China also uses this method.
In Radio Measurement method, because wireless wavelength is longer, its precision can reach nanosecond order, general feelings
It it was about 3 nanoseconds under condition, although this certainty of measurement disclosure satisfy that the required precision of satellite navigation, existing satellite navigation skill
Art is just towards the time measurement development of higher precision.
And the wavelength of laser is much smaller than general radio, and air for laser pulse delivery lag impact relatively
Little, therefore using laser, the spaceborne time system of aeronautical satellite is measured, then can obtain the higher measurement data of precision,
Thus greatly improving the degree of accuracy of satellite navigation.Now in the field of precision measurement of satellite navigation system star ground time system, make
Have become as the research direction of more main flow with time comparison by laser pulses technology.
Time comparison by laser pulses technology is that one kind realizes two clocks or satellite clock on ground using laser pulse as medium
The method that temporal frequency compares between terrestrial clock, it is remote that time transfer by laser link utilizes the propagation in space for the light pulse to realize
The synchronization of clock between two places, is one of current precision highest time delivering method.
At present laser is used for measuring the star ground time difference and only exists in theory stage, and not a kind of device is using laser come to spaceborne
The time of navigation system is measured.
Content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of star ground laser time difference measuring device of spaceborne time system, using this dress
When putting to complete the star ground two-way Time transfer receiver of precise laser, precision is high to reach magnitude of subnanosecond.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme is that：This device includes photoelectric conversion module, the electric signal time surveys
Amount module, observing and controlling command reception processing module, Measurement and Data Processing transport module and power module；Company between wherein each module
The relation of connecing is：Photoelectric conversion module connects electric signal time measurement module, at observing and controlling command reception processing module and measurement data
Reason transport module is connected with electric signal time measurement module respectively, and power module provides power supply for whole device.
Electric signal time measurement module connects satellite clock, at Measurement and Data Processing transport module and observing and controlling command reception
Reason module is communicated with ground survey station by remote measuring and controlling passage.
Observing and controlling command reception processing module receives the Laser emission moment that ground survey station sends, by star ground laser propagation road
Footpath and laser propagation speed are calculated estimated laser arrival time, are set solid for starting point with estimated laser arrival time
Fixed time span is sent to photoelectric conversion module as gate-control signal, gate-control signal.
Photoelectric conversion module adopts single-photon detector to receive the laser pulse of ground survey station transmitting, and wherein ground survey station is every
Launch a laser pulse every one second to this spaceborne device.Photoelectric conversion module receives gate-control signal, triggers single-photon detector
Prepare to receive, single-photon detector, according to gate-control signal, receives incident laser pulse, at a fixed time when this is solid in length
Fixed time span time-out, then close single-photon detector and wait triggering next time；Each receiving is swashed by single-photon detector
Light pulse all carries out the electric signal that opto-electronic conversion forms laser pulse, is designated as electric impulse signal, and sends the survey of electric signal time to
Amount module；
Electric signal time measurement module includes complete cycle measuring unit；Wherein complete cycle measuring unit is by multiple clock delay units
It is composed in series；Each pulse per second (PPS) producing for spaceborne clock, is designated as commencing signal with the forward position of this pulse per second (PPS), in this pulse per second (PPS)
The forward position of the electric impulse signal receiving and next pulse per second (PPS) between is designated as end signal, commencing signal and its corresponding end letter
Form time gate between number；Connect multiple complete cycle measuring unit cover time gates, calculate comprised in time gate whole
The number of all measuring units, calculates the number of the clock delay unit that not enough complete cycle part is comprised in time gate simultaneously, obtains
The time measured value obtaining time gate is time difference measurement value；When in length, each pulse per second (PPS) of acquisition is corresponding at a fixed time
Aberration measurements, all time difference measurement values all send to Measurement and Data Processing transport module；
Measurement and Data Processing transport module receives the time difference measurement value that electric signal time measurement module sends, to time difference measurement
Value carry out process obtain meet down pass form data and under reach ground survey station.
Beneficial effect：
The present invention realizes the Time Transmission between aeronautical satellite and ground survey station using laser pulse signal and compares, and has
Singl e photon detection function, sensitivity is high；Meanwhile, time difference method is high, can reach magnitude of subnanosecond, can reach hundreds of skin
Second.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is a kind of system composition figure of the star ground laser time difference measurement instrument of spaceborne time system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the time interval counter measuring principle figure based on TDC.
Specific embodiment
The star ground laser time difference measurement instrument of a kind of spaceborne time system proposed by the invention, can complete high accuracy light
Electricity conversion and time measurement and measurement data transmission.That is, will be quick for the laser pulse signal of the ground receiving survey station transmitting, real
When be converted to electric impulse signal；Meanwhile, the time interval between measurement electric impulse signal and the pulse per second (PPS) of spaceborne clock；And will survey
Amount data passes through certain channel after pressing certain format layout, descends into ground survey station with navigation message or telemetry intelligence (TELINT) form.
Ground survey station, according to the measurement data of satellite borne laser time difference measurement instrument, accurately calculates the clock correction of star ground time system.
Develop simultaneously embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes the present invention.
This device includes photoelectric conversion module, electric signal time measurement module, observing and controlling command reception processing module, measurement number
According to process and transport module and power module.
Annexation between wherein each module is：Photoelectric conversion module connects electric signal time measurement module, and observing and controlling refers to
Receiving processing module is made to be connected with electric signal time measurement module respectively with Measurement and Data Processing transport module, power module is whole
Individual device provides power supply.
Electric signal time measurement module connects satellite clock, at Measurement and Data Processing transport module and observing and controlling command reception
Reason module is communicated with ground survey station by telemetering channel.
Ground survey station launched a laser pulse signal every one second to on-board equipment.
(1), observing and controlling command reception processing module
This module receives the Laser emission moment that ground survey station sends, by star ground laser beam propagation path and laser propagation
Speed is calculated the arrival time of each estimated laser pulse, is set with the arrival time of estimated laser pulse for starting point
Regular time length prepares to receive as gate-control signal, the single-photon detector triggering photoelectric conversion module.
(2), photoelectric conversion module
This module adopts single-photon detector to receive incident laser pulse, and photoelectric conversion module receives gate-control signal, touches
The preparation of bill photon detector receives, and single-photon detector, according to gate-control signal, receives incidence at a fixed time in length
Laser pulse, when this regular time length time-out, then closes single-photon detector and waits triggering next time；Set fixation
Time span should be able to ensure ground survey station every one second transmitting all laser pulse signals can enter single photon
Detector.Each laser pulse receiving all is carried out the electric signal that opto-electronic conversion forms laser pulse, note by single-photon detector
For electric impulse signal, and send electric signal time measurement module to.
Conventional single-photon detector has photomultiplier, single-photon avalanche diode etc..
Because device provided by the present invention is satellite borne equipment, and laser is by ground launch, when laser reaches this device, can
The optical signal of single photon magnitude can be decayed to, the period that therefore photoelectric conversion module designed by this device is used is necessary
There is high sensitivity, the optical signal decaying to single photon magnitude can be detected；It is to reach certain measurement simultaneously
Precision, needs extremely fast opto-electronic conversion speed, and the time that the optical signal detecting is converted to pulse per second (PPS) electric signal reaches
Tens to hundred picosecond magnitudes.
For single-photon detector, after it often detects an incident photon, it is required for certain recovery time
Can be measured, within this recovery time, the thermal noise of single-photon detector itself and other interference can be produced next time
Raw spurious signal, the therefore present invention sets regular time window, and this time window length is fixed, and can form gate it is ensured that monochromatic light
Incident photon that sub- detector detects in gate duration can use, and the incident photon detecting in gate duration then can be
Rejected as outlier in Measurement and Data Processing transport module.
Due to the interference of earth radiation light, should be filtered processing for the light that single-photon detector is sensed, can
Carry out veiling glare suppression with the direction in space advanced in light path, bandpass filter is superimposed on input path.
(3), electric signal time measurement module
This module is the nucleus module of the present invention, and its function is by time interval counter, and count results send measurement to
Data processing and transport module.This module includes complete cycle measuring unit.Wherein complete cycle measuring unit is by multiple clock delay units
It is composed in series.
In the present invention, ground survey station launched a laser pulse signal, laser pulse signal every one second to on-board equipment
Obtain every one second electric impulse signal through same after opto-electronic conversion, each electric impulse signal corresponds to each of satellite clock
Individual pulse per second (PPS).
Each pulse per second (PPS) producing for spaceborne clock, is designated as commencing signal with the forward position of this pulse per second (PPS), in this pulse per second (PPS)
The forward position of the electric impulse signal receiving before next pulse per second (PPS) afterwards is designated as end signal, each commencing signal and its correspondence
Form time gate between end signal；As shown in Fig. 2 the time gate that commencing signal and end signal are constituted is Tx.This mould
The purpose of block is measurement Tx.
Clock delay unit used in this module can quantify time of measuring, when using multiple clock delay unit strings
When connection obtains complete cycle measuring unit, the time interval of obtained complete cycle measuring unit is △ T.
Due to can not accurately know the moment of commencing signal and end signal it is therefore desirable to measure multiple complete cycles single
Unit is connected with cover time gate, calculates the number of the complete cycle measuring unit being comprised in time gate, in the present embodiment
Can make to calculate with the following method：Started counting up by first complete cycle measuring unit after commencing signal, to after end signal
First complete cycle measuring unit terminates to count, and counts the first complete cycle measuring unit not included after end signal, can obtain
The number obtaining complete cycle measuring unit is n, now with the time of complete cycle measuring unit acquisition as T0=n × △ T, T0As shown in Figure 2.
Calculate the number of the clock delay unit that not enough complete cycle part is comprised in time gate simultaneously, calculate and obtain the time difference
Measured value；For not enough complete cycle part, T in such as Fig. 21And T2, directly carry out quantifying measurement using clock delay unit；Wherein, T1
It is the time interval that commencing signal starts to first complete cycle；T2It is the time interval that end signal starts to next complete cycle.
It is derived from
Tx=T0+T1-T2
The time of measured time gate is time difference measurement value, can record each pulse per second (PPS) pair according to said method
The time difference measurement value answered, all time difference measurement values are sent to Measurement and Data Processing transport module.
(4), Measurement and Data Processing transport module
Measurement and Data Processing transport module receives the measured value that electric signal time measurement module is sent, under process acquisition meets
Pass form measurement data and under pass.
This module can be designed in the present embodiment and comprise time difference measurement data processing and two submodules of time difference measurement data transfer
Block, is respectively completed process and two functions of transmission of time difference measurement data.
401st, time difference measurement data processing submodule receives the measured value that electric signal time measurement module is sent, for measurement
Value is handled as follows：
A, pick wild screening：In the present invention, for entrance single-photon detector in set regular time length
Incident photon it is believed that available, and the thermal noise due to single-photon detector itself and other interference signals, then may be in institute
Also part spurious signal is had, the value that this kind of signal obtains after carrying out opto-electronic conversion claims outside the regular time length setting
For outlier, in the present embodiment, the data in the regular time length set without entrance is directly rejected, will
Unruly-value rejecting, to reduce the biography amount down of invalid data.
B, digit is carried out for the multiple measured values receiving it is uniformly processed, for exceeding measured value four house setting digit
Five enter to remove redundant bit, for the not enough measured value setting digit to the last position zero padding after decimal point.
C, the multiple time difference measurement values being obtained are counted, and are analyzed, set select interval, only at selection
In selecting the time difference measurement value in interval, set select interval should contain time difference measurement values more than half and will
Substantially too high or too low time difference measurement value forecloses, and do so can reduce down-transmitting data amount.
D, difference layout are for the time difference measurement data after above-mentioned process, are arranged according to the time, retain row
Arrange time difference measurement value the most front, a rear time difference measurement value is taken difference and preserves with a front time difference measurement value simultaneously, obtain
Time difference measurement value after difference layout.Difference layout can efficiently reduce measurement data biography amount down.
After above-mentioned process, obtain the measured value of the difference scheme being available for down passing.
402nd, pass under after time difference measurement data transfer submodule is available for down the measurement set bag of difference scheme passing.
(5), power module
Further comprises power module in this example, this module is powered for laser time difference measurement instrument, receive observing and controlling command reception
The control instruction of processing module.Because power supply ripple or shake can affect certainty of measurement, therefore in the present embodiment, employ low line
Ripple power supply.
In sum, these are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.
All any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made etc., should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of star ground laser time difference measuring device of spaceborne time system is it is characterised in that this device includes opto-electronic conversion mould
Block, electric signal time measurement module, observing and controlling command reception processing module, Measurement and Data Processing transport module and power module；Its
In annexation between each module be：Photoelectric conversion module connects electric signal time measurement module, and observing and controlling command reception is processed
Module is connected with electric signal time measurement module respectively with Measurement and Data Processing transport module, and power module provides for whole device
Power supply；
Described electric signal time measurement module connects satellite clock, at Measurement and Data Processing transport module and observing and controlling command reception
Reason module is communicated with ground survey station by remote measuring and controlling passage；Described observing and controlling command reception processing module receives ground survey station
In the Laser emission moment sending, estimated laser is calculated by star ground laser beam propagation path and laser propagation speed and reaches
Time, regular time length is set as gate-control signal for starting point using estimated laser arrival time, gate-control signal is sent to
Photoelectric conversion module；
Described photoelectric conversion module adopts single-photon detector to receive the laser pulse of ground survey station transmitting, and wherein ground survey station is every
Launch a laser pulse every one second to this spaceborne device, photoelectric conversion module receives gate-control signal, trigger single-photon detector
Prepare to receive, single-photon detector, according to gate-control signal, receives the laser pulse of incidence in described regular time length, when
This regular time length time-out, then close single-photon detector and wait triggering next time；Single-photon detector is every by receive
Individual laser pulse all carries out the electric signal that opto-electronic conversion forms laser pulse, when being designated as electric impulse signal, and sending electric signal to
Between measurement module；
Described electric signal time measurement module includes complete cycle measuring unit；Wherein complete cycle measuring unit is by multiple clock delay units
It is composed in series；Each pulse per second (PPS) producing for spaceborne clock, is designated as commencing signal with the forward position of this pulse per second (PPS), in this pulse per second (PPS)
The forward position of the electric impulse signal receiving and next pulse per second (PPS) between is designated as end signal, commencing signal and its corresponding end letter
Form time gate between number；Connect multiple complete cycle measuring unit cover time gates, calculate comprised in time gate whole
The number of all measuring units, calculates the number of the clock delay unit that not enough complete cycle part is comprised in time gate simultaneously, obtains
The time measured value obtaining time gate is time difference measurement value；Obtain each pulse per second (PPS) to correspond in described regular time length
Time difference measurement value, all time difference measurement values all send to Measurement and Data Processing transport module；
Described Measurement and Data Processing transport module receives the time difference measurement value that electric signal time measurement module sends, to time difference measurement
Value carry out process obtain meet down pass form data and under reach ground survey station.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of star ground laser time difference measuring device of spaceborne time system it is characterised in that described
Bandpass filter is superimposed in photoelectric conversion module on input path.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of star ground laser time difference measuring device of spaceborne time system it is characterised in that described
The time that the optical signal of photoelectric conversion module is converted to pulse per second (PPS) electric signal reaches tens to hundred picosecond magnitudes.
4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of star ground laser time difference measuring device of spaceborne time system it is characterised in that described
Measurement and Data Processing transport module carries out picking wild Screening Treatment for the measured value receiving, outside regular time length
Data directly reject.
5. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of star ground laser time difference measuring device of spaceborne time system it is characterised in that described
Measurement and Data Processing transport module carries out digit for the multiple measured values receiving and is uniformly processed, and sets digit for exceeding
Measured value rounds up and removes redundant bit, for the not enough measured value setting digit to the last position zero padding after decimal point.
6. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of star ground laser time difference measuring device of spaceborne time system it is characterised in that described
Measurement and Data Processing transport module carries out statistical analysis for the time difference measurement value being obtained, and sets and selects interval, only at selection
Time difference measurement value in selection interval.
7. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of star ground laser time difference measuring device of spaceborne time system it is characterised in that described
Measurement and Data Processing transport module carries out difference layout process for the time difference measurement value receiving：By time difference measurement value according to when
Between arranged, retain the most front time difference measurement value of arrangement, rear time difference measurement value taken difference with previous time difference measurement value simultaneously
It is worth and preserves, obtain the time difference measurement value after difference layout.
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| LV13686B (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2008-05-20 | Elektronikas Un Datorzinatnu I | Time interval meter and method of its calibration |
| CN101727068A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2010-06-09 | 中国地震局地震研究所 | Time interval digitally quantized event counter |
| CN202889361U (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-04-17 | 王维毅 | Internet of Things terminal and Internet of Things time service system |
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